AST定义了代码的结构,经过操纵这颗语法树,能够精准的定位到声明语句、赋值语句、运算语句等等,实现对代码的分析、优化、变动等操做,主要有如下用途:javascript
JavaScriptParser是把js源码转化为抽象语法树的解析器。经常使用的JavaScript Parser:css
其中webpack就是使用的acorn将源代码解析成AST进行操做。html
loader是webpack用来处理加载不一样资源文件的插件,它只在webpack对资源文件进行加载阶段使用。java
从前面的文章webpack由浅入深——(webapck简易版)能够知道,loader的本质是一个函数。node
getSource(modulePath) { let source = fs.readFileSync(modulePath, 'utf8'); //获取webpack.config.js中的rules let rules = that.options.module.rules; //遍历rules调用loader for (let i = 0; i < rules.length; i++) { let rule = rules[i]; // 用rule的test中正则匹配文件的类型是否须要使用laoder if (rule.test.test(modulePath)) { //获取rule中的loaders,例如['style-laoder','css-loader'] let loaders = rule.use; let length = loaders.length; //loader的数量 let loaderIndex = length - 1; // 往右向左执行 // loader遍历器 function iterateLoader() { let loaderName = loaders[loaderIndex--]; //loader只是一个包名,须要用require引入 let loader = require(join(that.root, 'node_modules', loaderName)); //使用loader,能够看出loader的本质是一个函数 source = loader(source); if (loaderIndex >= 0) { iterateLoader(); } } //遍历执行loader iterateLoader(); break; } } return source; } 复制代码
因此loader的结构通常为:jquery
module.exports = function (source) { //TODO须要执行的逻辑 } 复制代码
import { flatten,concat } from "lodash" console.log(flatten([1,2],[3,4,[5,6]])); console.log(contcat([1,2],[3,4])); 复制代码
import flatten from "lodash/flatten" import concat from "lodash/concat" console.log(flatten([1,2],[3,4,[5,6]])); console.log(contcat([1,2],[3,4])); 复制代码
npm install babel-core babel-types -D
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//mode_modules/babel-plugin-babel-import let babel = require('babel-core'); let types = require('babel-types'); const visitor = { ImportDeclaration:{ enter(path,state={opts:{}}){ const specifiers = path.node.specifiers; const source = path.node.source; //加载的是lodash而且经过{xxx,xxx}的形式加载 if(state.opts.library == source.value && !types.isImportDefaultSpecifier(specifiers[0])){ const declarations = specifiers.map((specifier,index)=>{ return types.ImportDeclaration( [types.importDefaultSpecifier(specifier.local)], types.stringLiteral(`${source.value}/${specifier.local.name}`) ) }); //替换原来的节点 path.replaceWithMultiple(declarations); } } } } module.exports = function(babel){ return { visitor } } 复制代码
const path = require("path"); const fs = require("fs"); module.exports = { mode: "development", entry: "./src/index.js", output: { filename: "bundle.js", path: path.resolve(__dirname, "dist") }, module: { rules: [ { test: /\.js$/, use: { loader: "babel-loader", options: { plugins: [["babel-import", { library: "lodash" }]] } } } ] }, resolve: {}, plugins: [], devServer: {} }; 复制代码
插件向第三方开发者提供了webpack引擎中完整的能力。使用阶段式的构建回调,开发者能够引入自定义插件到webpack构建流程中,几乎可以任意更改webpack编译结果。webpack
对象 | 钩子 |
---|---|
Compiler | run,compile,compilation,make,emit,done |
Compilation | buildModule,normalModuleLoader,succeedModule,finishModule,seal,optimize,after-seal |
Module Factory | beforeResolver,afterResolver,module,parser |
Parser | program,statement,call,expression |
Template Factory | hash,bootstrap,localVars,render |
从前面的文章webpack由浅入深——(webapck简易版)能够知道,其实插件是往钩子中注册回调的函数。git
//../lib/Compiler class Compiler { constructor(options){ this.options = options; this.hooks = { entryOption: new SyncHook(), afterPlugins: new SyncHook(), run: new SyncHook(), beforeCompile: new SyncHook(), afterCompile: new SyncHook(), emit: new SyncHook(), afterEmit: new SyncHook(), done: new SyncHook(), } } ..... } 复制代码
#! /usr/bin/env node const path = require('path'); const fs = require('fs'); const root = process.cwd(); const Compiler = require('../lib/Compiler'); let options = require(path.resolve('webpack.config.js')); let compiler = new Compiler(options); compiler.hooks.entryOption.call(); //触发entryOptions let {plugins} = options; //获取webpack.config.js中的plugns进行注册 plugins.forEach(plugin => { plugin.apply(compiler) }); compiler.hooks.afterPlugins.call(), //触发afterPlugins compiler.run(); 复制代码
因此简单插件的格式通常为:github
class xxxxPlugin{ //new xxxxPlugin(options) constructor(options) { this.options=options; } apply(compiler) { //往钩子上注册回调 compiler.hooks.xxxx.tap('xxxxPlugin', ()=> { //TODO执行的逻辑 }); } } module.exports=xxxxPlugin; 复制代码
前篇webpack由浅入深——(webpack优化配置)中提到了external来cdn引用第三方库从而减少文件体积,可是存在一个问题,必须手动在模板的html文件中预先写好script标签引入第三方的cdn,AutoExternalPlugin实现自动插入script。web
const path = require("path"); const fs = require("fs"); const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require("html-webpack-plugin"); const AutoExternalPlugin = require("./plugin/AutoExternalPlugin"); module.exports = { mode: "development", entry: "./src/index.js", output: { filename: "bundle.js", path: path.resolve(__dirname, "dist") }, module: { rules: [] }, resolve: {}, plugins: [ new HtmlWebpackPlugin({ template: "./src/index.html", filename: "index.html" }), new AutoExternalPlugin({ jquery: { varName: "jQuery", url: "https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js" } }) ], devServer: { contentBase: path.resolve(__dirname, "dist"), host: "localhost", port: 3000 } }; 复制代码
/* 1. 分析import xxxx语句是否引用了特定的模块 2. 自动往html中插入一个script标签,src就等于cdn地址 3. 生成模块的时候,若是是插件配置的模块生成一个外部模块返回 */ const ExternalModule = require("webpack/lib/ExternalModule"); class AutoExternalPlugin { constructor(options) { this.options = options; //记录外部模块 this.externalModules = {}; } apply(compiler) { //normalModuleFactory普通模块工厂, compiler.hooks.normalModuleFactory.tap('AutoExternalPlugin', (normalModuleFactory) => { normalModuleFactory.hooks.parser .for('javascript/auto') .tap('AutoExternalPlugin', parser => { //当语法拿到会遍历语法树,当遍历到import节点的时候会 //statement就是import $ from 'jquery'语句 //source是'jquery'的文件路径 ; parser.hooks.import.tap('AutoExternalPlugin', (statement, source) => { //jquery模块要变成外部模块 if (this.options[source]) { this.externalModules[source] = true; } }); }) //factory是一个工厂,完成建立模块的工做 normalModuleFactory.hooks.factory.tap('AutoExternalPlugin', factory => (data, callback) => { const dependency = data.dependencies[0]; let value = dependency.request;//jquery //须要转成外部模块,执行这里的逻辑 if (this.externalModules[value]) { //let $ = window.jQuery; callback(null, new ExternalModule(this.options[value].varName, 'window')); //不然执行正常的工厂方法,默认建立一个普通的模块 } else { factory(data, callback); } }); }); compiler.hooks.compilation.tap('InlinePlugin', (compilation) => { compilation.hooks.htmlWebpackPluginAlterAssetTags.tapAsync('InlinePlugin', (htmlData, callback) => { Object.keys(this.externalModules).forEach(key => { htmlData.body.unshift({ tagName: 'script', closeTag: true, attributes: { type: 'text/javascript', src: this.options[key].url } }); }); callback(null, htmlData); }); }); } } module.exports = AutoExternalPlugin; 复制代码
webpack系列文章已经完结,后面会持续增长和修改内容。