TensorFlow Build from Source for macOS

背景

按照官网预编译的最新版 TensorFlow for macOS，运行测试程序：

(venv) $  python -c "import tensorflow as tf; hello = tf.constant('Hello, TensorFlow!'); sess = tf.Session(); print(sess.run(hello))" # output: b'Hello, TensorFlow!'
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输出结果有个警告信息：

(venv) $  2019-04-19 14:45:50.202157: I tensorflow/core/platform/cpu_feature_guard.cc:141] Your CPU supports instructions that this TensorFlow binary was not compiled to use: AVX2 FMA
(venv) $  b'Hello, TensorFlow!'
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意思是警告本机 CPU 支持 AVX2 和 FMA 指令集，但安装的预编译 TensorFlow 版本不支持。 因而从源码编译安装 TensorFlow，进行优化。

环境

Require	TF	HW	OS	GCC	Python	Supports
Version	1.13.1	CPU	MacOS Mojave 10.14.4 (18E226)	clang-1001.0.46.4	3.6.5	FMA, AVX, AVX2, SSE4.1, SSE4.2

构建产物：tensorflow-1.13.1-cp36-cp36m-macosx_10_13_x86_64.whl

步骤

安装 Python 和 TensorFlow 软件包依赖项

# install Homebrew if not installed
$ /usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
$ export PATH="/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:$PATH"
$ brew update
 # install Python 3.6.5 if not installed
$ brew install --ignore-dependencies https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/f2a764ef944b1080be64bd88dca9a1d80130c558/Formula/python.rb
$ brew link --overwrite python
$ python3 --version
 # 使用特定于 shell 的命令激活该虚拟环境：
$ source ./venv/bin/activate
 # 安装 TensorFlow pip 软件包依赖项
(venv) $  pip install -U  pip six numpy wheel mock
(venv) $  pip install -U  keras_applications==1.0.6 --no-deps
(venv) $  pip install -U  keras_preprocessing==1.0.5 --no-deps
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安装 Bazel

官网：docs.bazel.build/versions/ma…

# Please note that if your system has the Bazel package from homebrew core installed you first need to uninstall it by typing: `brew uninstall bazel`
# Bazel 0.20.0 because TensorFlow require version 0.21.0 or lower to build
$ brew install --ignore-dependencies https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/da863ab7d8122b8ad406eb5e8bb2253953e6bcc9/Formula/bazel.rb
 # You can confirm Bazel is installed successfully by running the following command:
$ bazel version
 # Once installed, you can upgrade to a newer version of Bazel using the following command:
$ brew upgrade bazelbuild/tap/bazel
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下载 TensorFlow 源代码

$ source ./venv/bin/activate
(venv) $  git clone https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow.git
(venv) $  cd tensorflow
# 代码库默认为 master 开发分支。您也能够检出要编译的版本分支：
(venv) $  git checkout r1.13  # version 1.13.1 on 2019/04/19
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配置编译系统

(venv) $   ./configure
WARNING: --batch mode is deprecated. Please instead explicitly shut down your Bazel server using the command "bazel shutdown".
INFO: Invocation ID: 824b97ef-4279-4576-8e4c-b9c405cb7a28
You have bazel 0.20.0-homebrew installed.
Please specify the location of python. [Default is /Users/xiaobailong24/venv/bin/python]:


Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: module 'site' has no attribute 'getsitepackages'
Found possible Python library paths:
  /Users/xiaobailong24/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages
Please input the desired Python library path to use.  Default is [/Users/xiaobailong24/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages]

Do you wish to build TensorFlow with XLA JIT support? [y/N]: N
No XLA JIT support will be enabled for TensorFlow.

Do you wish to build TensorFlow with OpenCL SYCL support? [y/N]: N
No OpenCL SYCL support will be enabled for TensorFlow.

Do you wish to build TensorFlow with ROCm support? [y/N]: N
No ROCm support will be enabled for TensorFlow.

Do you wish to build TensorFlow with CUDA support? [y/N]: N
No CUDA support will be enabled for TensorFlow.

Do you wish to download a fresh release of clang? (Experimental) [y/N]: N
Clang will not be downloaded.

Do you wish to build TensorFlow with MPI support? [y/N]: N
No MPI support will be enabled for TensorFlow.

Please specify optimization flags to use during compilation when bazel option "--config=opt" is specified [Default is -march=native -Wno-sign-compare]:


Would you like to interactively configure ./WORKSPACE for Android builds? [y/N]: N
Not configuring the WORKSPACE for Android builds.

Preconfigured Bazel build configs. You can use any of the below by adding "--config=<>" to your build command. See .bazelrc for more details.
	--config=mkl         	# Build with MKL support.
	--config=monolithic  	# Config for mostly static monolithic build.
	--config=gdr         	# Build with GDR support.
	--config=verbs       	# Build with libverbs support.
	--config=ngraph      	# Build with Intel nGraph support.
	--config=dynamic_kernels	# (Experimental) Build kernels into separate shared objects.
Preconfigured Bazel build configs to DISABLE default on features:
	--config=noaws       	# Disable AWS S3 filesystem support.
	--config=nogcp       	# Disable GCP support.
	--config=nohdfs      	# Disable HDFS support.
	--config=noignite    	# Disable Apacha Ignite support.
	--config=nokafka     	# Disable Apache Kafka support.
	--config=nonccl      	# Disable NVIDIA NCCL support.
Configuration finished
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编译 pip 软件包

Bazel 构建

从源代码编译 TensorFlow 可能会消耗大量内存。若是系统内存有限，请使用如下命令限制 Bazel 的内存消耗量：--local_resources 2048,.5,1.0。我这里使用了 3072。

(venv) $  bazel build -c opt --copt=-mavx --copt=-mavx2 --copt=-mfma --copt=-msse4.1 --copt=-msse4.2 -k //tensorflow/tools/pip_package:build_pip_package --local_resources 3072,.5,1.0
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等待漫长的构建过程（三个小时左右），最终构建成功会有如下提示：

Target //tensorflow/tools/pip_package:build_pip_package up-to-date:
  bazel-bin/tensorflow/tools/pip_package/build_pip_package
INFO: Elapsed time: 10260.288s, Critical Path: 398.73s
INFO: 9875 processes: 9875 local.
INFO: Build completed successfully, 10432 total actions
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编译软件包

bazel build 命令会建立一个名为 build_pip_package 的可执行文件，此文件是用于编译 pip 软件包的程序。请以下所示地运行该可执行文件，以在 /tmp/tensorflow_pkg 目录中编译 .whl 软件包。

(venv) $  ./bazel-bin/tensorflow/tools/pip_package/build_pip_package /tmp/tensorflow_pkg
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安装软件包

生成的 .whl 文件的文件名取决于 TensorFlow 版本和您的平台，这里生成的为：tensorflow-1.13.1-cp36-cp36m-macosx_10_13_x86_64.whl

# Please note that if your system has the tensorflow installed you first need to uninstall it by typing: `pip uninstall tensorflow`
(venv) $  pip install /tmp/tensorflow_pkg/tensorflow-1.13.1-cp36-cp36m-macosx_10_13_x86_64.whl
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成功：TensorFlow 现已安装完毕。

验证安装结果

# 验证安装效果，输出结果再也不有不支持 AVX2 的警告
(venv) $  python -c "import tensorflow as tf; hello = tf.constant('Hello, TensorFlow!'); sess = tf.Session(); print(sess.run(hello))" # output: b'Hello, TensorFlow!'
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参考

1. 【维基百科】AVX指令集
2. 【lakshayg】https://github.com/lakshayg/tensorflow-build
3. 【TensorFlow】从源代码编译
4. 【幻悠尘的小窝】经过源码编译安装TensorFlow-CPU版本支持AVX等指令集
5. 【Aleksandr Sokolovskii】[Update 2] How to build and install TensorFlow GPU/CPU for Windows from source code using bazel and Python 3.6

联系

我是 xiaobailong24，您能够经过如下平台找到我：

• Github: github.com/xiaobailong…
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