这几天准备编排部分翻译的书籍和文档,找了好些工具,最终定格在 Sphinx 上,并基于 ReadTheDocs 提供的 SaaS 服务进行分发和分享。本篇博客是对整个过程的一次记录和总结。html
项目代码:qiwihui/sphinx-doc-starternode
Sphinx 是一个基于 Python 的文档生成项目。最先只是用来生成 Python 的项目文档,使用 reStructuredText 格式。但随着项目的逐渐完善,不少非 Python 的项目也采用 Sphinx 做为文档写做工具,甚至彻底能够用 Sphinx 来写书。python
使用 Sphinx 生成文档的优势包括:git
这个过程包括以下步骤:github
Sphinx 依赖于 Python,并提供了 Python 包,因此使用 pip 安装既可。这里我只安装了 sphinx-doc
这个包。shell
pip install sphinx-doc
这时,经过 bash 自动补全(连续两下 tab
),能够看到有几个命令,Sphinx 推荐使用 sphinx-quickstart
,这是一个设置向导。api
$ sphinx- sphinx-apidoc sphinx-autogen sphinx-build sphinx-quickstart
运行 sphinx-quickstart
,如下主要设置项目名称,做者名称以及语言(zh_CN
)便可,其余默认。浏览器
$ sphinx-quickstart Welcome to the Sphinx 1.8.4 quickstart utility. Please enter values for the following settings (just press Enter to accept a default value, if one is given in brackets). Selected root path: . You have two options for placing the build directory for Sphinx output. Either, you use a directory "_build" within the root path, or you separate "source" and "build" directories within the root path. > Separate source and build directories (y/n) [n]: y Inside the root directory, two more directories will be created; "_templates" for custom HTML templates and "_static" for custom stylesheets and other static files. You can enter another prefix (such as ".") to replace the underscore. > Name prefix for templates and static dir [_]: The project name will occur in several places in the built documentation. > Project name: 一本书 > Author name(s): qiwihui > Project release []: 0.0.1 If the documents are to be written in a language other than English, you can select a language here by its language code. Sphinx will then translate text that it generates into that language. For a list of supported codes, see http://sphinx-doc.org/config.html#confval-language. > Project language [en]: zh_CN The file name suffix for source files. Commonly, this is either ".txt" or ".rst". Only files with this suffix are considered documents. > Source file suffix [.rst]: One document is special in that it is considered the top node of the "contents tree", that is, it is the root of the hierarchical structure of the documents. Normally, this is "index", but if your "index" document is a custom template, you can also set this to another filename. > Name of your master document (without suffix) [index]: Indicate which of the following Sphinx extensions should be enabled: > autodoc: automatically insert docstrings from modules (y/n) [n]: > doctest: automatically test code snippets in doctest blocks (y/n) [n]: > intersphinx: link between Sphinx documentation of different projects (y/n) [n]: > todo: write "todo" entries that can be shown or hidden on build (y/n) [n]: > coverage: checks for documentation coverage (y/n) [n]: > imgmath: include math, rendered as PNG or SVG images (y/n) [n]: > mathjax: include math, rendered in the browser by MathJax (y/n) [n]: > ifconfig: conditional inclusion of content based on config values (y/n) [n]: > viewcode: include links to the source code of documented Python objects (y/n) [n]: > githubpages: create .nojekyll file to publish the document on GitHub pages (y/n) [n]: A Makefile and a Windows command file can be generated for you so that you only have to run e.g. `make html` instead of invoking sphinx-build directly. > Create Makefile? (y/n) [y]: > Create Windows command file? (y/n) [y]: Creating file ./source/conf.py. Creating file ./source/index.rst. Creating file ./Makefile. Creating file ./make.bat. Finished: An initial directory structure has been created. You should now populate your master file ./source/index.rst and create other documentation source files. Use the Makefile to build the docs, like so: make builder where "builder" is one of the supported builders, e.g. html, latex or linkcheck.
解释1,整个设置过程包括:bash
source
和生成文件目录 build
,默认否;templates
和静态文件目录 static
前缀,默认为_
;en
;.rst
;index
;开启的扩展,均默认为否:dom
解释2,项目目录文件结构以下:
sphinx-test ├── Makefile ├── build ├── make.bat └── source ├── _static ├── _templates ├── conf.py └── index.rst
其中:
Makefile
:能够看做是一个包含指令的文件,在使用 make 命令时,可使用这些指令来构建文档输出。build
:生成的文件的输出目录。make.bat
:Windows 用命令行。_static
:静态文件目录,好比图片等。_templates
:模板目录。conf.py
:存放 Sphinx 的配置,包括在 sphinx-quickstart
时选中的那些值,能够自行定义其余的值。index.rst
:文档项目起始文件。接下来看看默认生成的内容:
$ make html Running Sphinx v1.8.4 loading translations [zh_CN]... done making output directory... building [mo]: targets for 0 po files that are out of date building [html]: targets for 1 source files that are out of date updating environment: 1 added, 0 changed, 0 removed reading sources... [100%] index looking for now-outdated files... none found pickling environment... done checking consistency... done preparing documents... done writing output... [100%] index generating indices... genindex writing additional pages... search copying static files... done copying extra files... done dumping search index in Chinese (code: zh) ... done dumping object inventory... done build succeeded. The HTML pages are in build/html.
而后直接在浏览器中打开 build/html/index.html
这个文件。
默认风格为 alabaster
,能够改为 ReadTheDocs 的风格: sphinx_rtd_theme
。
# -- Options for HTML output ------------------------------------------------- # The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages. See the documentation for # a list of builtin themes. # html_theme = 'sphinx_rtd_theme'
咱们以一下文档为例:
This is a Title =============== That has a paragraph about a main subject and is set when the '=' is at least the same length of the title itself. Subject Subtitle ---------------- Subtitles are set with '-' and are required to have the same length of the subtitle itself, just like titles. Lists can be unnumbered like: * Item Foo * Item Bar Or automatically numbered: #. Item 1 #. Item 2 Inline Markup ------------- Words can have *emphasis in italics* or be **bold** and you can define code samples with back quotes, like when you talk about a command: ``sudo`` gives you super user powers!
将之写入 example.rst
中,并修改 index.rst
为:
Welcome to 一本书's documentation! ================================== .. toctree:: :maxdepth: 2 :caption: 目录: example Indices and tables ================== * :ref:`genindex` * :ref:`modindex` * :ref:`search`
从新编译,这时文档已经改变。
ReadTheDocs 但是直接用于托管 sphinx 生成的网页文档。
将以前的文档用 Git 管理,并推送到 Github,而后在 ReadTheDocs 中 Import a Project
便可。
另外,能够设置自定义域名:
readthedocs.io
,好比 onebook.qiwihui.com
Admin
-> Domains
中设置上一步添加的域名,开启 HTTPS,保存便可。过程很简单。
Sphinx 生成 PDF 的过程先将 rst 转换为 tex,再生产PDF。这个过程遇到了比较多的坑,最后总结下来过程以下:
首先,安装 Tex 环境。在 Mac 上,推荐安装 MacTex
而不是 BasicTex
,对于新手来讲 BasicTex 上须要本身处理不少以来问题。完成后使用 tlmgr
更新 TexLive。
$ brew cask install mactex $ sudo tlmgr update --self
而后,在 con.py 中设置 latex_engine
和 latex_elements
两个参数,同时也能够设置 latex_documents
参数来设置文档。
latex_engine = 'xelatex' latex_elements = { 'papersize': 'a4paper', 'pointsize': '11pt', 'preamble': r''' \usepackage{xeCJK} \setCJKmainfont[BoldFont=STZhongsong, ItalicFont=STKaiti]{STSong} \setCJKsansfont[BoldFont=STHeiti]{STXihei} \setCJKmonofont{STFangsong} \XeTeXlinebreaklocale "zh" \XeTeXlinebreakskip = 0pt plus 1pt \parindent 2em \definecolor{VerbatimColor}{rgb}{0.95,0.95,0.95} \setcounter{tocdepth}{3} \renewcommand\familydefault{\ttdefault} \renewcommand\CJKfamilydefault{\CJKrmdefault} ''' } # 设置文档 latex_documents = [ (master_doc, 'sphinx.tex', '你的第一本 Sphinx 书', '做者:qiwihui', 'manual', True), ]
最后,编译:
$ make latexpdf
make latexpdf
会完成 rst转换为 tex 并将 tex 生成 PDF,能够手动分开:
$ make latex $ cd build/latex $ make
在 build/latex
下能够查看到生成的 PDF 文档。
使用 fc-list
来获取字体信息,修改相应字体设置便可。
$ brew install fontconfig $ fc-list :lang=zh
"! LaTeX Error: File '*.sty' not found."
类的问题:解决:使用 sudo tlmgr install
安装相应的包便可。
简单过了一下整个文档的流程,整体来讲,Sphinx很是适合用来编写项目文档,reStructuredText 比起 Markdown 也有太多的优点,值得推荐。
GitHub repo: qiwihui/blogFollow me: @qiwihui
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