[go学习笔记]9、go语言中的字符串

字符串

  • string是数据类型,不是引用或者指针类型
  • string是只读的byte slice,len函数能够获取他全部的byte数量
  • string的byte数组能够存听任何数据
func TestString(t *testing.T) {
    var s string
    t.Log(s) //初始化为默认零值""
    s = "hello"
    t.Log(len(s))
    //s[1] = '3' //string是不可变的byte slice
    s = "\xE4\xB8\xA5"
    t.Log(s)
    t.Log(len(s))
    //s = "中"
    //t.Log(len(s))
    //c := []rune(s)
    //t.Log("rune size:", unsafe.Sizeof(c[0]))
    //t.Logf("中 unicode %x", c[0])
    //t.Logf("中 utf8 %x", s)
}

输出git

=== RUN   TestString
--- PASS: TestString (0.00s)
    string_test.go:9: 
    string_test.go:11: 5
    string_test.go:14: 严
    string_test.go:15: 3
PASS

Process finished with exit code 0

注意:len获取的string的byte个数,不是字符数github

Unicode UTF8

  • Unicode是一种字符集(code point)
  • UTF8是unicode的存储实现(转换为字节序列的规则)

编码与存储

字符 “中”
Unicode 0x4E2D
UTF-8 0x4EB8AD
string/[]byte [0xE4,0xB8,0xAD]

经常使用字符串函数

func TestStringToRune(t *testing.T) {
    s := "中华人民共和国"
    for _, c := range s {
        t.Logf("%[1]c %[1]d", c)
    }
}

输出golang

=== RUN   TestStringToRune
--- PASS: TestStringToRune (0.00s)
    string_test.go:28: 中 20013
    string_test.go:28: 华 21326
    string_test.go:28: 人 20154
    string_test.go:28: 民 27665
    string_test.go:28: 共 20849
    string_test.go:28: 和 21644
    string_test.go:28: 国 22269
PASS

Process finished with exit code 0

转换

func TestConv(t *testing.T) {
    s := strconv.Itoa(10)
    t.Log("str:" + s)
    if i,err:=strconv.Atoi("10");err==nil{
        t.Log(10+ i)
    }

}
=== RUN   TestConv
--- PASS: TestConv (0.00s)
    string_fun_test.go:20: str:10
    string_fun_test.go:22: 20
PASS

Process finished with exit code 0

示例代码请访问: https://github.com/wenjianzhang/golearningshell

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