spring-test单元测试（三）-spring mvc请求测试

时间 2019-11-11

标签 spring test 单元测试 mvc 请求栏目 Spring 繁體版

原文原文链接

上篇文章中咱们介绍了如何在struts环境下，进行模拟action的请求测试，以及咱们使用了EasyMock框架，来模拟对象的行为。这篇文章咱们会继续介绍spring mvc环境下如何对controller进行单元测试。另外咱们带来一种全新的mock框架mockito。java

1、准备工做，引入如下maven坐标web

<dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

           <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>

           <version>3.2.3.RELEASE</version>

           <scope>test</scope>

        </dependency>

        <!--mockito用于spirng单元测试-->

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>

           <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>

           <version>2.2.9</version>

           <scope>test</scope>

        </dependency>

        <!--mockito要依赖eljar包，这个是必定要有的，否则会报异常，见异常图-->

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.glassfish</groupId>

           <artifactId>javax.el</artifactId>

           <version>3.0.0</version>

           <scope>test</scope>

                 </dependency>

                            固然别忘记了junit，咱们所使用的spring-test框架都是基于junit

<!-- junit-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>junit</groupId>
   <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    <version>4.8.1</version>
</dependency>

2、总体文件spring

全部测试文件，均要求放入test目录下（一种规范）mvc

MyControllerTest.java测试主类app

import com.jd.plugin.web.springmvc.service.TestService;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import static org.hamcrest.core.Is.is;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
import staticorg.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.post;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.get;
import staticorg.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.print;
import staticorg.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;

/**
 * Created by wangxindong on 2016/11/24.
 */
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
//@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath*:/spring-config-dispatcher.xml"})
public class MyControllerTest {

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Mock//若是该对象须要mock，则加上此Annotate，在这里咱们就是要模拟testService的query()行为
    private TestService testService;

    @InjectMocks//使mock对象的使用类能够注入mock对象,在这里myController使用了testService（mock对象）,因此在MyController此加上此Annotate
    MyController myController;


    @Before
    public void setup() {
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(myController).build();//这个对象是Controller单元测试的关键
    }

    @Test
    public voidtestQueryDataFromController() throws Exception{
        //静态引入使得很像人类的语言，当...而后返回...
        when(testService.query("code-1001","name-wangxindong")).thenReturn("成功");//这里模拟行为，返回"成功" 而不是原始的"test-code-name"

        mockMvc.perform(get("/mytest/query/queryData")
                .param("code","code-1001")
                .param("name","name-wangxindong"))
                .andDo(print());
//               .andExpect(status().isOk()).andExpect(content().string(is("{\"status\":\""+ result + "\"}")));

        verify(testService).query("code-1001","name-wangxindong");

    }


}

MyController.java 被测试的controller框架

import com.jd.plugin.web.springmvc.service.TestService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

/**
 * Created by wangxindong on 2016/11/24.
 */
@RequestMapping("/mytest")
@Controller
public class MyController {

    @Resource
    private TestService testService;

    @RequestMapping(value ="/query/queryData", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    @ResponseBody
    public StringqueryData(@RequestParam(required = true, value = "code", defaultValue= "") String code,
                           @RequestParam(value = "name", defaultValue = "")String name,
                           HttpServletRequest request){

        System.out.println("code:"+code);
        System.out.println("name:"+name);

        String result =testService.query(code,name);

        return "result";
    }
}

TestService.java 业务类webapp

/**
 * Created by wangxindong on 2016/11/24.
 */
public interface TestService {


    public String query(Stringcode,String name);
}

TestServiceImpl.java业务实现类maven

import com.jd.plugin.web.springmvc.service.TestService;

/**
 * Created by wangxindong on 2016/11/24.
 */
public class TestServiceImpl implements TestService {

    public String query(String code,String name) {
        System.out.println("TestServiceImplcode:"+code);
        System.out.println("TestServiceImplname:"+name);
        return "test-code-name";
    }
}

3、文件逐步说明post

一、Spring Test 组件使用单元测试

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) 表示使用SpringTest组件进行单元测试，这个你们应该都很熟悉了，咱们一直是这样使用的
@ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath*:/spring-config-dispatcher.xml"})指定bean的配置文件，加载上下文环境，咱们前面的文章都是这样使用的。其实还有一种文件路径的方式，好比：@ContextConfiguration("file:src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml")，通常我的喜欢第一种方式。

二、mockito使用说明

@Mock

private TestService testService;
若是该对象须要mock，则加上此Annotate，在这里咱们就是要模拟testService的query()行为
@InjectMocks
MyController myController;

使mock对象的使用类能够注入mock对象,在这里myController使用了testService（mock对象）,因此在MyController此加上此Annotate

this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(myController).build();//这个对象是Controller单元测试的关键

还有几点重要说明：

mockMvc.perform: 发起一个http请求。
post(url): 表示一个post请求，url对应的是Controller中被测方法的Rest url。
param(key, value): 表示一个request parameter，方法参数是key和value。
andDo（print()）: 表示打印出request和response的详细信息，便于调试。
andExpect（status().isOk()）: 表示指望返回的Response Status是200。
andExpect（content().string(is（expectstring））: 表示指望返回的Response Body内容是指望的字符串。

4、运行结果，这些都是print()打印出的内容

MockHttpServletRequest:

HTTP Method = GET

Request URI = /mytest/query/queryData

Parameters = {code=[code-1001],name=[name-wangxindong]}

Headers = {}

Handler:

Type =com.jd.plugin.web.springmvc.controller.MyController

Method = public java.lang.Stringcom.jd.plugin.web.springmvc.controller.MyController.queryData(java.lang.String,java.lang.String,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)

Resolved Exception:

Type = null

ModelAndView:

View name = null

View = null

Model = null

FlashMap:

MockHttpServletResponse:

Status = 200

Error message = null

Headers ={Content-Type=[text/plain;charset=ISO-8859-1], Content-Length=[6]}

Content type =text/plain;charset=ISO-8859-1

Body = result

Forwarded URL = null

Redirected URL = null

Cookies= []

总结，spring mvc的web请求，咱们同样能够经过Spring Test组件来测试。另外mockito这种mock框架来模拟对象行为的时候更加方便，比早先的easymock使用更加简便。