1、分页

试问若是当数据量特别大的时候，你是怎么解决分页的？html

方式a、记录当前访问页数的数据id
方式b、最多显示120页等
方式c、只显示上一页，下一页，不让选择页码，对页码进行加密

一、基于limit offset 作分页（如：在url后面加上？offset=0&limit=2,即表明从第0条开始，日后取2条(即1,2)）python

from rest_framework.pagination import LimitOffsetPagination

1 urlpatterns = [ 2     url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), 3     url(r'^app01/(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/', include('app01.urls')) 4 
5 ]

urls.py

1 urlpatterns = [ 2     url(r'^index1/', views.IndexView1.as_view()), 3     url(r'^index2/', views.IndexView2.as_view()), 4     url(r'^index3/', views.IndexView3.as_view()), 5     url(r'^index4/', views.IndexView4.as_view()), 6     url(r'^index5/', views.IndexView5.as_view()), 7 
8 ]

app01.url

from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.response import Response from app01.serializes.myserializes import MySerializes from rest_framework.pagination import LimitOffsetPagination from app01 import models # =========== 能够本身进行自定制分页，基于limitoffset===================
class P1(LimitOffsetPagination): max_limit = 3  # 最大显示3条数据，当取的条数超过3条时，只显示前3条，不会再显示后面的，这个值默认是None，即不作限制
    default_limit =2  # 设置每一页显示多少条
    limit_query_param = 'limit'  # 日后取几条
    offset_query_param = 'offset'  # 当前所在的位置

class IndexView2(APIView): #使用http://127.0.0.1:8080/app01/v1/index2/?offset=2&limit=4可进行判断
    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs): user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all() p1 = P1()#注册分页
        page_user_list = p1.paginate_queryset(queryset=user_list,request=request,view=self) print('打印的是分页的数据',page_user_list) ser = MySerializes(instance=page_user_list,many=True)  #可容许多个
        # return Response(ser.data) #不含上一页下一页
        return p1.get_paginated_response(ser.data) =======================也能够用下面这种形式===========
class BaseResponse(object): def __init__(self,code=1000,data=None,error=None): self.code = code self.data = data self.error = error class IndexView(views.APIView): '''第二种类表示的方式'''
    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs): ret = BaseResponse() try: user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all() p1 = P1() page_user_list = p1.paginate_queryset(queryset=user_list,request=request,view=self) ser = IndexSerializer(instance=page_user_list,many=True) ret.data = ser.data ret.next = p1.get_next_link() #下一页连接
        except Exception as e: ret.code= 1001 ret.error = 'xxxx错误'
        return Response(ret.__dict__)

views.py

二、基于页码的分页web

from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination

# ======================基于页码实现的分页==============
class P2(PageNumberPagination): #默认每页显示的数据条数
    page_size = 2
    #获取url参数中设置的每页显示数据条数
    page_size_query_param = 'size'
    #获取url中传入的页码key
    page_query_param = 'page'
    #最大支持的每页显示的数据条数
    max_page_size = 5

class IndexView3(APIView): #使用http://127.0.0.1:8080/app01/v1/index3/?page=1&page_size=1可进行判断
    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs): user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all() #实例化分页对象，获取数据库中的分页数据
        p2 = P2() print(p2.page_size_query_description) page_user_list = p2.paginate_queryset(queryset=user_list,request=request,view=self) print('打印的是分页的数据',page_user_list) #序列化对象
        ser = MySerializes(instance=page_user_list,many=True)  #可容许多个

        #生成分页和数据
        # return Response(ser.data) #不含上一页下一页
        return p2.get_paginated_response(ser.data) # 是Response对象，有上一页下一页

views.py

三、基于Cursor的分页数据库

2可能存在性能问题，若是用户吧page给改的很大，查询速度就会很慢。还有一种页码加密的方式，django

 1 # =====================基于Cursor的分页============
 2 class P3(CursorPagination):  3     # URL传入的游标参数
 4     cursor_query_param = 'cursor'
 5     # 默认每页显示的数据条数
 6     page_size = 2
 7     # URL传入的每页显示条数的参数
 8     page_size_query_param = 'size'
 9     # 每页显示数据最大条数
10     max_page_size = 3
11 
12     # 根据ID从大到小排列
13     ordering = "id"
14     
15 class IndexView4(APIView): 16     #使用http://127.0.0.1:8080/app01/v1/index4/?cursor=cj0xJnA9NA%3D%3D&size=3可进行判断
17     def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs): 18         user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all().order_by('-id') 19         p3 = P3()#注册分页
20         page_user_list = p3.paginate_queryset(queryset=user_list,request=request,view=self) 21         print('打印的是分页的数据',page_user_list) 22         ser = MySerializes(instance=page_user_list,many=True)  #可容许多个
23         # return Response(ser.data) #不含上一页下一页
24         return p3.get_paginated_response(ser.data)

views.py

2、视图

写视图函数可继承的几个类，咱们之前常常用到的是APIView，如今咱们来了解一下其余的类，其中一、三、4用到的最多json

须要导入的类api

from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet

一、APIView浏览器

1 class IndexView2(APIView): 2     def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs): 3         user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all() 4         ser = MySerializes(instance=user_list,many=True) 5         return Response(ser.data)

APIView

二、GenericAPIView(APIView)app

 1 from rest_framework.response import Response  2 from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView  3 from app01 import models  4 from app01.serializes.myserializes import MySerializes  5 from rest_framework.pagination import LimitOffsetPagination  6 class P1(LimitOffsetPagination):  7     max_limit = 3  # 最大限制默认是None
 8     default_limit =2  # 设置每一页显示多少条
 9     limit_query_param = 'limit'  # 日后取几条
10     offset_query_param = 'offset'  # 当前所在的位置
11 
12 class IndexView1(GenericAPIView): 13     queryset = models.UserInfo.objects.all() 14     serializer_class = MySerializes 15     pagination_class = P1 16     def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs): 17         user_list = self.get_queryset() 18         p1 = P1()  #注册分页
19         data = p1.paginate_queryset(queryset=user_list,request=request,view=self)  #获取分页的数据
20         ser = self.get_serializer(instance=data,many=True) #序列化
21         return Response(ser.data)

GenericAPIView

三、 GenericViewSet(ViewSetMixin, generics.GenericAPIView)ide

增 POST /users/ 删 DELETE /users/1/ 改 #所有修改 PUT /users/1/ #局部修改 patch /users/1/ 查 GET /users/ GET /users/1/
在GET请求的时候若是带ID说明查一条，若是不带则查全部

原始的

1 urlpatterns = [ 2 
3     url(r'^index/$', views.IndexView.as_view()), 4     url(r'^index/(?P<pk>\d+)$', views.IndexView.as_view()), 5 ]

urls.py

 1 class IndexView(views.APIView):  2 
 3     def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):  4         pk = kwargs.get('pk')  5         if pk:  6             pass # 获取单条信息
 7         else:  8             pass # 获取列表信息
 9 
10     def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs): 11         pass
12 
13     def put(self,request,*args,**kwargs): 14         pass
15 
16     def patch(self,request,*args,**kwargs): 17         pass
18 
19     def delete(self,request,*args,**kwargs): 20                 pass

views.py

用了GenericViewSet这种方式的时候注意url变了

urlpatterns = [ url(r'^index3/$', views.IndexView3.as_view({'get': 'list','post':'create'})), #get方式执行list函数,post方式执行create函数
    url(r'^index3/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.IndexView3.as_view({'get': 'retrieve'})),    #get方式执行retrieve函数
 ]

urls.py

 1 class IndexView3(GenericViewSet):  2     queryset = models.UserInfo.objects.all()  3     serializer_class = MySerializes  4     pagination_class = P1  5 
 6     def list(self,request,*args,**kwargs):  7         #获取列表信息
 8         return Response('...')  9 
10     def retrieve(self,request,*args,**kwargs): 11         #获取单条数据
12         return Response('xxx')

GenericViewSet

四、 ModelViewSet(mixins.CreateModelMixin,mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,mixins.UpdateModelMixin,mixins.DestroyModelMixin,mixins.ListModelMixin,GenericViewSet)

利用ModelViewSet增删改查不用本身写了，内部把增删改查都干了，当知足不了需求的时候咱们也能够自定制

1 urlpatterns = [ 2 
3     url(r'^index4/', views.IndexView4.as_view({'get': 'list','post':'create'})),  #获取数据和添加数据
4     url(r'^index4\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)/', views.IndexView4.as_view({'get': 'list','post':'create'})), #.json想让页面上显示成json格式
5     url(r'^index4/(?P<pk>\d+)/', views.IndexView4.as_view({'get': 'retrieve', 'delete': 'destroy','put':'partial_update'})), #查看单条，删除，修改数据
6     url(r'^index4(?P<pk>\d+)\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)/', views.IndexView4.as_view({'get': 'retrieve', 'delete': 'destroy','put':'partial_update'})), 7 
8 ]

urls.py

 1  注意啦：用ModelSerializer这种方法必需要用IndexSerializer(ModelSerializer)这种方式序列化  2 class P2(PageNumberPagination):  3     page_size = 3  #每一页显示的条数
 4     page_query_param = 'page' #获取参数中传入的页码
 5     page_size_query_param = 'size' #获取url参数中每页显示的数据条数
 6 
 7     max_page_size = 5
 8 
 9 class IndexSerializer(ModelSerializer): 10     class Meta: 11         model = models.UserInfo 12         fields = "__all__"
13 
14 class IndexView4(ModelViewSet): 15     queryset = models.UserInfo.objects.all() 16     serializer_class = IndexSerializer 17     pagination_class = P2

views.py

自定制

 1 class P2(PageNumberPagination):  2     page_size = 3  #每一页显示的条数
 3     page_query_param = 'page' #获取参数中传入的页码
 4     page_size_query_param = 'size' #获取url参数中每页显示的数据条数
 5 
 6     max_page_size = 5
 7 
 8 class IndexSerializer(ModelSerializer):  9     class Meta: 10         model = models.UserInfo 11         fields = "__all__"
12 
13 class IndexView4(ModelViewSet): 14     queryset = models.UserInfo.objects.all() 15     serializer_class = IndexSerializer 16     pagination_class = P2 17 
18     def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs): 19         '''获取get请求的全部'''
20         pass
21 
22     def retrieve(self, request, *args, **kwargs): 23         '''查看单条数据'''
24         pass
25     def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs): 26         '''删除DELETE'''
27         pass
28     def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs): 29         '''添加数据POST'''
30         pass
31     def update(self, request, *args, **kwargs): 32         '''所有修改PUT'''
33         pass
34     def partial_update(self, request, *args, **kwargs): 35         '''局部修改PATCH'''
36         pass

基于ModelViewSet自定制

继承关系

3、路由

第一类：自定义路由

# http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/auth/
url(r'^auth/$', views.AuthView.as_view()), # http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/auth.json # 想要让页面显示json格式
url(r'^auth\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)$', views.AuthView.as_view()), # http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/auth/1/
url(r'^auth/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.AuthView.as_view()), # http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/auth/1.json
url(r'^auth/(?P<pk>\d+)\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)$', views.AuthView.as_view()), class AuthView(views.APIView): def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs): return Response('...')

第二类：半自动路由

url(r'^index/$', views.IndexView.as_view({'get':'list','post':'create'})), url(r'^index\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)$', views.IndexView.as_view({'get':'list','post':'create'})), url(r'^index/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.IndexView.as_view({'get':'retrieve','delete':'destroy','put':'update','patch':'partial_update'})), url(r'^index(?P<pk>\d+)\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)$', views.IndexView.as_view({'get':'retrieve','delete':'destroy','put':'update','patch':'partial_update'})), class IndexView(viewsets.ModelViewSet): queryset = models.UserInfo.objects.all() serializer_class = IndexSerializer pagination_class = P2

第三类：全自动路由，会自动生成四个url

router = DefaultRouter() router.register('index',views.IndexViewSet) urlpatterns = [ url(r'^', include(router.urls)), ] class IndexViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet): queryset = models.UserInfo.objects.all() serializer_class = IndexSerializer pagination_class = P2 class IndexSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = models.UserInfo fields = "__all__"

4、渲染器

根据用户请求URL 或用户可接受的类型，筛选出合适的渲染组件。
用户请求URL：

http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/?format=json
http://127.0.0.1:8000/test.json

用户请求头：

Accept:text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8

一、. json

访问URL：

http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/?format=json
http://127.0.0.1:8000/test.json
http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/

1 from django.conf.urls import url, include 2 from web.views import s11_render 3 
4 urlpatterns = [ 5     url(r'^test/$', s11_render.TestView.as_view()), 6     url(r'^test\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)', s11_render.TestView.as_view()), 7 ]

urls.py

 1 #!/usr/bin/env python
 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 3 from rest_framework.views import APIView  4 from rest_framework.response import Response  5 from rest_framework import serializers  6 
 7 from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer  8 
 9 from .. import models 10 
11 
12 class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): 13     class Meta: 14         model = models.UserInfo 15         fields = "__all__"
16 
17 
18 class TestView(APIView): 19     renderer_classes = [JSONRenderer, ] 20 
21     def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): 22         user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all() 23         ser = TestSerializer(instance=user_list, many=True) 24         return Response(ser.data)

views.py

二、.表格

访问URL：

http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/?format=admin
http://127.0.0.1:8000/test.admin
http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/

 1 #!/usr/bin/env python
 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 3 from rest_framework.views import APIView  4 from rest_framework.response import Response  5 from rest_framework import serializers  6 
 7 from rest_framework.renderers import AdminRenderer  8 
 9 from .. import models 10 
11 
12 class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): 13     class Meta: 14         model = models.UserInfo 15         fields = "__all__"
16 
17 
18 class TestView(APIView): 19     renderer_classes = [AdminRenderer, ] 20 
21     def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): 22         user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all() 23         ser = TestSerializer(instance=user_list, many=True) 24         return Response(ser.data)

views.py

三、 Form表单

访问URL：

http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/?format=form
http://127.0.0.1:8000/test.form
http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/

 1 #!/usr/bin/env python
 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 3 from rest_framework.views import APIView  4 from rest_framework.response import Response  5 from rest_framework import serializers  6 
 7 from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer  8 from rest_framework.renderers import AdminRenderer  9 from rest_framework.renderers import HTMLFormRenderer 10 
11 from .. import models 12 
13 
14 class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): 15     class Meta: 16         model = models.UserInfo 17         fields = "__all__"
18 
19 
20 class TestView(APIView): 21     renderer_classes = [HTMLFormRenderer, ] 22 
23     def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): 24         user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all().first() 25         ser = TestSerializer(instance=user_list, many=False) 26         return Response(ser.data)

views.py

四、自定义显示模板

访问URL：

http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/?format=html
http://127.0.0.1:8000/test.html
http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/

1 from django.conf.urls import url, include 2 from web.views import s11_render 3 
4 urlpatterns = [ 5     url(r'^test/$', s11_render.TestView.as_view()), 6     url(r'^test\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)', s11_render.TestView.as_view()), 7 ]

urls.py

 1 #!/usr/bin/env python
 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 3 from rest_framework.views import APIView  4 from rest_framework.response import Response  5 from rest_framework import serializers  6 from rest_framework.renderers import TemplateHTMLRenderer  7 
 8 from .. import models  9 
10 
11 class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): 12     class Meta: 13         model = models.UserInfo 14         fields = "__all__"
15 
16 
17 class TestView(APIView): 18     renderer_classes = [TemplateHTMLRenderer, ] 19 
20     def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): 21         user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all().first() 22         ser = TestSerializer(instance=user_list, many=False) 23         return Response(ser.data, template_name='user_detail.html')

views.py

 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 <head>
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <title>Title</title>
 6 </head>
 7 <body>
 8  {{ user }}  9  {{ pwd }} 10  {{ ut }} 11 </body>
12 </html>

userdetail.html

五、浏览器格式API+JSON

访问URL：

http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/?format=api
http://127.0.0.1:8000/test.api
http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/

 1 #!/usr/bin/env python
 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 3 from rest_framework.views import APIView  4 from rest_framework.response import Response  5 from rest_framework import serializers  6 
 7 from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer  8 from rest_framework.renderers import BrowsableAPIRenderer  9 
10 from .. import models 11 
12 
13 class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): 14     class Meta: 15         model = models.UserInfo 16         fields = "__all__"
17 
18 
19 class CustomBrowsableAPIRenderer(BrowsableAPIRenderer): 20     def get_default_renderer(self, view): 21         return JSONRenderer() 22 
23 
24 class TestView(APIView): 25     renderer_classes = [CustomBrowsableAPIRenderer, ] 26 
27     def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): 28         user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all().first() 29         ser = TestSerializer(instance=user_list, many=False) 30         return Response(ser.data, template_name='user_detail.html')

views.py

注意：若是同时多个存在时，自动根据URL后缀来选择渲染器。

Django Rest Framework(分页、视图、路由、渲染器)

1、分页

2、视图

3、路由

4、渲染器