nginx(二) 反向代理配置详解

时间 2019-12-14

标签 nginx 反向代理配置详解栏目 Nginx 繁體版

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nginx(二)反向代理配置详解

nginx反向代理配置好比但愿经过浏览器输入http://localhost 直接跳转到http://www.baidu.com 进入到百度首页php

在nginx/conf.d/default.conf中配置：html

server {
    listen       80 default_server;
    listen       [::]:80 default_server;
    server_name  _;
    root         /usr/share/nginx/html;

    # Load configuration files for the default server block.
    include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;

    location / {
       proxy_pass http://www.baidu.com;//请求转向自定义的服务器列表 跳转到百度
       proxy_redirect default;
    }

    error_page 404 /404.html;
        location = /40x.html {
    }

    error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
    }

}

下面对nginx.conf文件进行说明：node

nginx进程数，建议设置为等于CPU总核心数nginx
单个进程最大链接数，那么该服务器的最大链接数=链接数*进程数web

监听端口通常都为http端口：80;正则表达式
域名能够有多个，用空格隔开：例如 server_name www.baidu.com;浏览器

负载均衡列表基本配置：服务器

•location / {}：对aspx后缀的进行负载均衡请求，假如咱们要对全部的aspx后缀的文件进行负载均衡时，能够这样写：location ~ .*\.aspx$ {}app

•proxy_pass：请求转向自定义的服务器列表，这里咱们将请求都转向标识为http://cuitccol.com的负载均衡服务器列表；负载均衡

在负载均衡服务器列表的配置中，weight是权重，能够根据机器配置定义权重（若是某台服务器的硬件配置十分好，能够处理更多的请求，那么能够为其设置一个比较高的weight；而有一台的服务器的硬件配置比较差，那么能够将前一台的weight配置为weight=2，后一台差的配置为 weight=1）。weigth参数表示权值，权值越高被分配到的概率越大；

关于nginx负载均衡策略配置

# For more information on configuration, see:
#   * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
#   * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/

user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;

# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile            on;
    tcp_nopush          on;
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;

    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;

    # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
    # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
    # for more information.
    upstream web_pools{
      server 192.168.102.101:80 weight=1;
      server 192.168.102.102:22222 weight=3;
    }

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}

/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.d 配置以下：

#
# The default server
#

#upstream baidu{
#   server https://www.baidu.com/;
#}

server {
    listen       80 default_server;
    listen       [::]:80 default_server;
    server_name  baidu weixin;
    root         /usr/share/nginx/html;

    # Load configuration files for the default server block.
    include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;

    location / {
       proxy_pass http://web_pools;
       proxy_redirect default;
    }

    error_page 404 /404.html;
        location = /40x.html {
    }

    error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
    }

}

配置参数可参考（https://www.zybuluo.com/phper/note/89391）

常见配置

user root;
worker_processes  4;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
     upstream yytest {
     server 192.168.102.101:80;
}
upstream zztest {
    server 192.168.102.102:80;
}
upstream xxtest {
    server 192.168.102.103:20003;
}
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;
    server {
        listen       80 ;
        server_name  yytest.witpos.cn;
        root         /usr/share/nginx/html;

        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;

        location / {
                proxy_redirect off;
                proxy_set_header Host $host;
                proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
                proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
                proxy_pass http://yytest;
        }
        error_page 404 /404.html;
            location = /40x.html {
        }

        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
        }
    }
                server {
        listen       80 ;
        server_name  zztest.witpos.cn;
        root         /usr/share/nginx/html;
         include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;

        location / {
                proxy_redirect off;
                proxy_set_header Host $host;
                proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
                proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
                proxy_pass http://wsctest;
        }
        error_page 404 /404.html;
            location = /40x.html {
        }

        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
        }
        }
    server {
        listen       80 ;
        server_name  zztest.witpos.cn;
        root         /usr/share/nginx/html;
         include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;

        location / {
                proxy_redirect off;
                proxy_set_header Host $host;
                proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
                proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
                proxy_pass http://zztest;
        }
        error_page 404 /404.html;
            location = /40x.html {
        }

        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
        }
        }

}

关于location 正则匹配规则说明

location  = / {
  # 只匹配"/".
  [ configuration A ] 
}
location  / {
  # 匹配任何请求，由于全部请求都是以"/"开始
  # 可是更长字符匹配或者正则表达式匹配会优先匹配
  [ configuration B ] 
}
location ^~ /images/ {
  # 匹配任何以 /images/ 开始的请求，并中止匹配 其它location
  [ configuration C ] 
}
location ~* \.(gif|jpg|jpeg)$ {
  # 匹配以 gif, jpg, or jpeg结尾的请求. 
  # 可是全部 /images/ 目录的请求将由 [Configuration C]处理.   
  [ configuration D ] 
}

请求URI例子:

/ -> 符合configuration A
/documents/document.html -> 符合configuration B
/images/1.gif -> 符合configuration C
/documents/1.jpg ->符合 configuration D

参考文章：

http://www.jianshu.com/p/bed000e1830b

http://www.jianshu.com/p/4b9e00408837