<!-- 在 HTML 中是 kebab-case 的 -->
<blog-post post-title="hello!"></blog-post>
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Vue.component('blog-post', {
// 在 JavaScript 中是 camelCase 的
props: ['postTitle'],
template: '<h3>{{ postTitle }}</h3>'
})
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props: ['title', 'likes', 'isPublished', 'commentIds', 'author']
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props: {
title: String,
likes: Number,
isPublished: Boolean,
commentIds: Array,
author: Object,
callback: Function,
contactsPromise: Promise // or any other constructor
}
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总体来讲能够分为传递静态的值
和经过v-bind 传递动态的值
javascript
post: {
id: 1,
title: 'My Journey with Vue'
}
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如下两种方式是等价的html
<blog-post v-bind="post"></blog-post>
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<blog-post v-bind:id="post.id" v-bind:title="post.title" ></blog-post>
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首先建立一个文件来演示props
传值(父组件的数据传递给子组件)vue
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<title>Vue-prop</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
{{ message }}
<hr />
<ol>
<!-- 建立一个 todo-item 组件的实例 -->
<todo-item todo="学习"></todo-item>
</ol>
</div>
<script src="./vue.js"></script>
<script> // 组件本质上是一个拥有预约义选项的一个 Vue 实例 // 注册一个TODO组件 Vue.component("todo-item", { template: ` <div> <li>{{todo}}</li> <button @click = "changeProps">尝试改变父组件传来的prop</button></div>`, props: ["todo"], methods: { changeProps() { console.log(`子组件的按钮触发`); this.todo = "玩耍"; } } }); var vm = new Vue({ el: "#app", data() { return { message: "hello" }; } }); </script>
</body>
</html>
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结果是什么,数据也是能够修改为功的,可是控制台会报一个警告java
vue.js:634 [Vue warn]: Avoid mutating a prop directly since the value will be overwritten whenever the parent component re-renders. Instead, use a data or computed property based on the prop's value. Prop being mutated: "todo" 复制代码
全部的 prop 都使得其父子 prop 之间造成了一个单向下行绑定:父级 prop 的更新会向下流动到子组件中,可是反过来则不行。这样会防止从子组件意外改变父级组件的状态,从而致使你的应用的数据流向难以理解。react
额外的,每次父级组件发生更新时,子组件中全部的 prop 都将会刷新为最新的值。这意味着你不该该在一个子组件内部改变 prop。若是你这样作了,Vue 会在浏览器的控制台中发出警告。git
简单的来讲,vue这样处理从父组件来的数据,是为了方便监测数据的流动,若是一旦出现的错误,能够更为迅速的定位到错误的位置,github
props: ['initialCounter'],
data: function () {
return {
counter: this.initialCounter
}
}
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借助data
props: ['size'],
computed: {
normalizedSize: function () {
return this.size.trim().toLowerCase()
}
}
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借助计算属性
这里咱们能够去源码里找答案,毕竟真实的警告暗示是vue
来给出的数组
src>core>instance>state.js // 源码的位置
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function initProps (vm: Component, propsOptions: Object) {
const propsData = vm.$options.propsData || {}
const props = vm._props = {}
// cache prop keys so that future props updates can iterate using Array
// instead of dynamic object key enumeration.
// 缓存prop的keys 为了是未来更新的props能够使用数组进行迭代,而不是动态的对象枚举
const keys = vm.$options._propKeys = []
const isRoot = !vm.$parent
// root instance props should be converted
// 不是root根组件
if (!isRoot) {
toggleObserving(false)
}
for (const key in propsOptions) {
keys.push(key)
const value = validateProp(key, propsOptions, propsData, vm)
/* istanbul ignore else */
// 经过判断是否在开发环境
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
const hyphenatedKey = hyphenate(key)
if (isReservedAttribute(hyphenatedKey) ||
config.isReservedAttr(hyphenatedKey)) {
warn(
`"${hyphenatedKey}" is a reserved attribute and cannot be used as component prop.`,
vm
)
}
// 若是不是,说明此修改来自子组件,触发warning提示
/** * 传入的第4个函数是自定义的set函数,当props被修改的时候就会触发第四个参数的函数 */
defineReactive(props, key, value, () => {
if (!isRoot && !isUpdatingChildComponent) {
warn(
`Avoid mutating a prop directly since the value will be ` +
`overwritten whenever the parent component re-renders. ` +
`Instead, use a data or computed property based on the prop's ` +
`value. Prop being mutated: "${key}"`,
vm
)
}
})
} else {
// 若是是开发环境,会在触发Set的时候判断是否此key是否处于updatingChildren中被修改
defineReactive(props, key, value)
}
// static props are already proxied on the component's prototype
// during Vue.extend(). We only need to proxy props defined at
// instantiation here.
if (!(key in vm)) {
proxy(vm, `_props`, key)
}
}
toggleObserving(true)
}
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src>core>observer>index.js
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/** * Define a reactive property on an Object. */
export function defineReactive ( obj: Object, key: string, val: any, customSetter?: ?Function, shallow?: boolean ) {
const dep = new Dep()
const property = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, key)
if (property && property.configurable === false) {
return
}
// cater for pre-defined getter/setters
const getter = property && property.get
const setter = property && property.set
if ((!getter || setter) && arguments.length === 2) {
val = obj[key]
}
let childOb = !shallow && observe(val)
Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {
enumerable: true,
configurable: true,
get: function reactiveGetter () {
const value = getter ? getter.call(obj) : val
if (Dep.target) {
dep.depend()
if (childOb) {
childOb.dep.depend()
if (Array.isArray(value)) {
dependArray(value)
}
}
}
return value
},
set: function reactiveSetter (newVal) {
const value = getter ? getter.call(obj) : val
/* eslint-disable no-self-compare */
if (newVal === value || (newVal !== newVal && value !== value)) {
return
}
/* eslint-enable no-self-compare */
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && customSetter) {
customSetter()
}
// #7981: for accessor properties without setter
if (getter && !setter) return
if (setter) {
setter.call(obj, newVal)
} else {
val = newVal
}
childOb = !shallow && observe(newVal)
dep.notify()
}
})
}
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若是是传入的是引用的数据类型,控制台会警告嘛?浏览器
<todo-item todo="学习" :todolist="todolist"></todo-item>
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var vm = new Vue({
el: "#app",
data() {
return {
message: "hello",
todolist: [
{
id: "1",
todo: "吃饭"
}
]
};
}
});
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若有本身的理解也能够在评论区一块学习,若有错误也请指出,感谢你读到这里~~缓存