mac添加环境变量

时间 2019-11-08

标签 mac 添加环境变量栏目 MacBook 繁體版

原文原文链接

两个问题：html

1.nodejs的安装node

使用Mac OS X Binaries (.tar.gz)（64位）来安装：mysql

http://www.nodejs.org/download/sql

安装参照：http://blog.snowinmay.net/?p=41shell

安装要点：npm

1.1把以前的nodejs文件都清理掉：vim

rm -r bin/node bin/node-waf include/node lib/node lib/pkgconfig/nodejs.pc share/man/man1/node.1ruby

1.2解压文件到本身喜欢的目录（最好是系统默认的程序安装目录，这样不用写环境变量）bash

我写的环境变量：export PATH="～/work/node/bin:$PATH"curl

我此次安装nodejs出现问题是由于在复制文件的时候把bin文件夹中的文件多复制了一层：

原本应该是这样的：

Prince-2:node snowinmay$ ls
ChangeLog README.md include share LICENSE bin lib

Prince-2:node snowinmay$ cd bin/
Prince-2:bin snowinmay$ ls
node npm

node和npm在bin中，我复制的时候把node和npm放在了bin/bin/下面，因此和环境变量对应不起来了。

2.npm的安装

npm的出错分两次，第一次是由于：curl https://npmjs.org/install.sh | sh 写错了，提示错误一直是：

directory sh: line 2: syntax error near unexpected token<'
'h: line 2: `<head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head>
Prince-2:node snowinmay$ sudo npm install -g npmlog

正确的写法应该是：

curl -0 -L http://npmjs.org/install.sh | sudo sh

运行以后提示：

npm cannot be installed without nodejs.
Install node first, and then try again.

Maybe node is installed, but not in the PATH?
Note that running as sudo can change envs.

PATH=~/work/node/bin:/Users/snowinmay/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451/bin:/Users/snowinmay/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@global/bin:/Users/snowinmay/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p451/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/Users/snowinmay/.rvm/bin

提示环境变量写错了，怪不得以前用：which node 和which npm都无效，看了一下环境变量文件：

export PATH="～/work/node/bin:$PATH" 改为了：

export PATH="$HOME/work/node/bin:$PATH"

Prince-2:bin snowinmay$ which node
/Users/snowinmay/work/node/bin/node
Prince-2:bin snowinmay$ which npm
/Users/snowinmay/work/node/bin/npm

Prince-2:bin snowinmay$ $PATH
-bash: /Users/snowinmay/work/node/bin:/Users/snowinmay/work/node/bin:~/work/node/bin:/Users/snowinmay/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451/bin:/Users/snowinmay/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@global/bin:/Users/snowinmay/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p451/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/Users/snowinmay/.rvm/bin:/Users/snowinmay/.rvm/bin:/Users/snowinmay/.rvm/bin: No such file or directory

运行：

Prince-2:~ snowinmay$ curl -0 -L http://npmjs.org/install.sh | sh
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
0 193 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 0
100 6711 100 6711 0 0 2324 0 0:00:02 0:00:02 --:--:-- 5386
tar=/usr/bin/tar
version:
bsdtar 2.8.3 - libarchive 2.8.3
install npm@latest
fetching: http://registry.npmjs.org/npm/-/npm-1.4.21.tgz
0.10.29
1.4.21
cleanup prefix=/Users/snowinmay/work/node
find: /Users/snowinmay/work/node/share/man: No such file or directory
find: /Users/snowinmay/work/node/share/man: No such file or directory
find: /Users/snowinmay/work/node/lib/node: No such file or directory
find: /Users/snowinmay/work/node/lib/node: No such file or directory

All clean!

> npm@1.4.21 prepublish .
> node bin/npm-cli.js prune --prefix=. --no-global && rm -rf test/*/*/node_modules && make -j8 doc

make: Nothing to be done for `doc'.
/Users/snowinmay/work/node/bin/npm -> /Users/snowinmay/work/node/lib/node_modules/npm/bin/npm-cli.js
npm@1.4.21 /Users/snowinmay/work/node/lib/node_modules/npm
It worked

问题结束

===================================

/etc/profile；/etc/bashrc 是针对系统全部用户的全局变量，只有root用户才能修改这两个文件，对通常用户来讲是他们是只读的。通常用户要想修改它们，能够在命令前加sudo，意思是以Root身份执行，好比：sudo vi /etc/profile ，而后按照提示输入密码便可。

所以，对于通常用户而言，一般咱们建议去修改~/.bash_profile来设置环境变量，它是用户级的设置，只对当前用户有效。

操做步骤:一、打开Terminal（终端）

二、输入：vi ~/.bash_profile

三、设置PATH：export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH

四、输入：:wq //保存并退出vi

五、修改当即生效：source ~/.bash_profile

六、查看环境变量的值：echo $PATH

注意：一、~/.bash_profile中有个点

二、若是是新增环境变量或者是修改环境变量的值，都须要source一下才能当即生效。若是是删除一个环境变量，必须输入exit以logout当前shell，而后再从新打开一个新的shell并login才能生效。

Prince-2:~ snowinmay$ vim .bash_profile

Prince-2:~ snowinmay$ source ~/.bash_profile
Prince-2:~ snowinmay$ $PATH
-bash: ~/work/node/bin:/Users/snowinmay/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451/bin:/Users/snowinmay/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@global/bin:/Users/snowinmay/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p451/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/Users/snowinmay/.rvm/bin:/Users/snowinmay/.rvm/bin: No such file or directory

可是npm仍是不能用：

Prince-2:node snowinmay$ node -v
v0.10.29
Prince-2:node snowinmay$ npm -v

module.js:340
throw err;
^
Error: Cannot find module 'npmlog'
at Function.Module._resolveFilename (module.js:338:15)
at Function.Module._load (module.js:280:25)
at Module.require (module.js:364:17)
at require (module.js:380:17)
at /Users/snowinmay/work/node/bin/npm:19:11
at Object.<anonymous> (/Users/snowinmay/work/node/bin/npm:87:3)
at Module._compile (module.js:456:26)
at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:474:10)
at Module.load (module.js:356:32)
at Function.Module._load (module.js:312:12)
Prince-2:node snowinmay$
Prince-2:node snowinmay$
Prince-2:node snowinmay$ make install
make: * No rule to make target install'. Stop. Prince-2:node snowinmay$ curl https://npmjs.org/install.sh | sh % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 100 193 100 193 0 0 119 0 0:00:01 0:00:01 --:--:-- 153 sh: line 1: html: No such file or directory sh: line 2: syntax error near unexpected token<''h: line 2: `<head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head>Prince-2:node snowinmay$ sudo npm install -g npmlogPassword:sudo: npm: command not foundPrince-2:node snowinmay$Prince-2:node snowinmay$ which nodePrince-2:node snowinmay$ which npm