nginx动静分离

搭建Nginx动静分离
Nginx动静分离介绍
Nginx的静态处理能力很强，可是动态处理能力不足，所以，在企业中经常使用动静分离技术
针对PHP的动静分离

静态页面交给Nginx处理
动态页面交给PHP-FPM模块或Apache处理
在Nginx的配置中，是经过location配置段配合正则匹配实现静态与动态页面的不一样处理方式
反向代理原理
Nginx不只能做为Web服务器，还具备反向代理、负载均衡和缓存的功能
Nginx经过proxy模块实现将客户端的请求代理至上游服务器，此时nginx与. 上游服务器的链接是经过http协议进行的
Nginx在实现反向代理功能时的最重要指令为proxy_ pass, 它可以并可以根据URI、客户端参数或其它的处理逻辑将用户请求调度至上游服务器
配置动静分离
架设并调试后端LAMP环境
安装配置Nginx处理静态页面请求，在server {};段中加入
[root@nginx php5]#vim /usr/local/httpd/conf/nginx.conf
location ~ .*.(gifiglipeglbmp|swf)$ {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
};
配置Nginx处理动态页面请求，在server{};中加入
在Apache.工做目录新建test.php
重启Nginx并测试
[root@nginx php5]#vim /usr/local/httpd/conf/nginx.conf
server {
.....
location ~ .php$ {
proxy pass http://192.168.9.237:8080; //LAMP的IP地址
......
配置实例
开启两台Linux虚拟机，一台配置Nginx，一台配置LANM架构，客户端访问nginx网页时Nginx服务处理静态访问信息，LAMP处理动态访问信息，

首先在一台Linux系统中搭建lamp架构，这里使用yum安装lamp架构
yum install httpd httpd-devel -y
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
...//省略部份内容...
已安装:
httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos httpd-devel.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos
...//省略部份内容...
完毕！
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=http
success //配置防火墙容许http服务在公共区域经过
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=https
success //配置防火墙容许https服务在公共区域经过
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload //从新加载防火墙
success
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start httpd.service //启动http服务
在客户机访问httpd服务，看服务是否成功开启
nginx动静分离

安装mariadb（mariadb是MySQL的分支软件，功能与MySQL相同）
[root@localhost ~]# yum install mariadb mariadb-server mariadb-libs mariadb-devel -y
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

• base: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
  ...//省略部份内容...
  已安装:
  mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.64-1.el7 mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.64-1.el7
  mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.64-1.el7
  完毕！
  [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb //启动mariadb服务
  [root@localhost ~]# netstat -ntap | grep 3306
  tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2519/mysqld
  [root@localhost ~]# mysql_secure_installation //设置数据库

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none): //询问是否给root用户设置密码，直接回车
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.

Set root password? [Y/n] y //是否设置密码，输入y确认
New password: //输入密码
Re-enter new password: //再次输入密码
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!

By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] n //询问是否删除匿名用户，输入n，不删除
... skipping.

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n //询问是否拒绝root用户远程登陆，输入n，不拒绝
... skipping.

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] n //询问是否删除测试数据库，输入n，不删除
... skipping.

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y //询问是否从新加载数据库，输入y，从新加载
... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB! //完成设置
安装PHP
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install php //安装php服务
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

• base: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
  ...//省略部份内容...
  已安装:
  php.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7
  ...//省略部份内容...
  完毕！
  [root@localhost ~]# yum install php-mysql -y //安装php与mysql链接包
  已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
  Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
• base: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
• extras: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
  ...//省略部份内容...
  已安装:
  php-mysql.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7
  做为依赖被安装:
  php-pdo.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7
  完毕！
  [root@localhost ~]# yum install -y php-gd php-ldap php-odbc php-pear php-xml php-xmlrpc php-mbstring php-snmp php-soap curl curl-devel php-bcmath //安装php环境包
  已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
  Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
• base: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
  ...//省略部份内容...
  已安装:
  libcurl-devel.x86_64 0:7.29.0-54.el7 php-bcmath.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7
  php-gd.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 php-ldap.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7
  php-mbstring.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 php-odbc.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7
  php-pear.noarch 1:1.9.4-21.el7 php-snmp.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7
  php-soap.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 php-xml.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7
  php-xmlrpc.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7
  ...//省略部份内容...
  完毕！
  [root@localhost ~]# cd /var/www/html //进入网页站点
  [root@localhost html]# vim index.php //编辑php网页内容
  <?php
  phpinfo();
  ?>
  :wq
  [root@localhost html]# systemctl restart httpd.service //重启http服务
  在客户机中测试LAMP机构是否安装成功
  nginx动静分离

安装Nginx