[leetcode]Next Permutation @ Python

原题地址:https://oj.leetcode.com/problems/next-permutation/html

题意:算法

Implement next permutation, which rearranges numbers into the lexicographically next greater permutation of numbers.优化

If such arrangement is not possible, it must rearrange it as the lowest possible order (ie, sorted in ascending order).spa

The replacement must be in-place, do not allocate extra memory.code

Here are some examples. Inputs are in the left-hand column and its corresponding outputs are in the right-hand column.
1,2,3 → 1,3,2
3,2,1 → 1,2,3
1,1,5 → 1,5,1htm

解题思路:blog

输出字典序中的下一个排列。好比123生成的全排列是:123,132,213,231,312,321。那么321的next permutation是123。下面这种算法听说是STL中的经典算法。在当前序列中,从尾端往前寻找两个相邻升序元素,升序元素对中的前一个标记为partition。而后再从尾端寻找另外一个大于partition的元素,并与partition指向的元素交换,而后将partition后的元素(不包括partition指向的元素)逆序排列。好比14532,那么升序对为45,partition指向4,因为partition以后除了5没有比4大的数,因此45交换为54,即15432,而后将partition以后的元素逆序排列,即432排列为234,则最后输出的next permutation为15234。确实很巧妙。leetcode

代码:it

class Solution:
    # @param num, a list of integer
    # @return a list of integer
    def nextPermutation(self, num):
        if len(num) < 2: return num
        partition = -1
        for i in range(len(num) - 2, -1, -1):
            if num[i] < num[i + 1]:
                partition = i
                break
        if partition == -1: return num[::-1]
        for i in range(len(num) - 1, partition, -1):
            if num[i] > num[partition]:
                num[i], num[partition] = num[partition], num[i]
                break
        num[partition + 1:] = num[partition + 1:][::-1]
        return num

 

参考致谢:io

上述代码基于[1]进行优化

[1] http://www.cnblogs.com/zuoyuan/p/3780167.html  

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