SQL优化总结

本文主要介绍SQL查询的性能优化及其替代方案。html

1.避免in,disdinct,用exists代替。用NOT EXISTS替代NOT INsql

例如:select num from a where num in(select num from b) 代替成:数据库

 select num from a where exists(select 1 from b where num=a.num) 性能优化

(低效): SELECT DISTINCT DEPT_NO,DEPT_NAME FROM DEPT D , EMP E WHERE D.DEPT_NO = E.DEPT_NO函数

(高效): SELECT DEPT_NO,DEPT_NAME FROM DEPT D WHERE EXISTS ( SELECT ‘X' FROM EMP E WHERE E.DEPT_NO = D.DEPT_NO);性能

2.尽可能避免全表扫描,首先应考虑在 where 及 order by 涉及的列上创建索引优化

3.尽可能避免在 where 子句中对字段进行 null 值判断  select id from t where num is null spa

  解决办法:数据库不要留NULL,可设置默认0等。 select id from t where num = 0 。或者用where>=0这样.net

4.避免在 where 子句中使用 != 或 <> 操做符code

5.避免在 where 子句中使用 or 来链接条件,若是一个字段有索引,一个字段没有索引,将致使引擎放弃使用索引而进行全表扫描

  (低效)select id from t where num=10 or Name = 'admin'

  (高效)select id from t where num = 10

      union all 

      select id from t where Name = 'admin'

6.避免in,若为连续数值,尽可能用between

  (低效)select id from t where num in(1,2,3)

  (高效)select id from t where num between 1 and 3

7.避免在 where 子句中对字段进行表达式操做

  (低效)select id from t where num/2 = 100

  (高效)select id from t where num = 100*2

8.避免在where子句中对字段进行函数操做

  (低效)select id from t where substring(name,1,3) = ’abc’ -–name以abc开头的id

      select id from t where datediff(day,createdate,’2005-11-30′) = 0 -–‘2005-11-30’ --生成的id

  (高效)select id from t where name like 'abc%'

      select id from t where createdate >= '2005-11-30' and createdate < '2005-12-1'

9.优化GROUP BY

提升GROUP BY 语句的效率,能够经过将不须要的记录在GROUP BY 以前过滤掉。下面两个查询返回相同结果但第二个明显就快了许多。

(低效) SELECT JOB , AVG(SAL) FROM EMP GROUP BY JOB HAVING JOB = ‘PRESIDENT' OR JOB = ‘MANAGER'

(高效 )SELECT JOB , AVG(SAL) FROM EMP WHERE JOB = ‘PRESIDENT' OR JOB = ‘MANAGER' GROUP BY JOB

参考:

http://www.javashuo.com/article/p-fxaxlhna-y.html

http://www.javashuo.com/article/p-bgtiyytt-z.html

sql优化经典例子 

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