[AI] 深度数学 - Bayes

数学似宇宙，韭菜只关心其中实用的部分。

scikit-learn (sklearn) 官方文档中文版

scikit-learn Machine Learning in Python

 

一个新颖的online图书资源集，很是棒。

机器学习原理

 

Bayesian Machine Learning

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9. [Bayesian] “我是bayesian我怕谁”系列 - Gaussian Process【ignore】

 随机过程 

[Scikit-learn] 1.1 Generalized Linear Models - Bayesian Ridge Regression【等价效果】

 

8. [Bayesian] “我是bayesian我怕谁”系列 - Variational Autoencoders

 稀疏表达 

[UFLDL] Generative Model

[UFLDL] *Sparse Representation【稀疏表达】

 

7. [Bayesian] “我是bayesian我怕谁”系列 - Boltzmann Distribution【ignore】

 贝叶斯网络 

[Scikit-learn] Dynamic Bayesian Network - Conditional Random Field【去噪、词性标注】

 

6. [Bayesian] “我是bayesian我怕谁”系列 - Markov and Hidden Markov Models【隐马及其扩展】

 时序模型 

[Scikit-learn] Dynamic Bayesian Network - HMM【基础实践】

[Scikit-learn] Dynamic Bayesian Network - Kalman Filter【车定位预测】

[Scikit-learn] *Dynamic Bayesian Network - Partical Filter【机器人自我定位】

 

5. [Bayesian] “我是bayesian我怕谁”系列 - Continuous Latent Variables【降维：PCA, PPCA, FA, ICA】

 几率降维 

[Scikit-learn] 4.4 Dimensionality reduction - PCA

[Scikit-learn] 2.5 Dimensionality reduction - Probabilistic PCA & Factor Analysis

[Scikit-learn] 2.5 Dimensionality reduction - ICA

[Scikit-learn] 1.2 Dimensionality reduction - Linear and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis

 

4. [Bayesian] “我是bayesian我怕谁”系列 - Variational Inference【公式推导解读】

 几率聚类 

[Scikit-learn] 2.1 Clustering - Gaussian mixture models & EM

[Scikit-learn] 2.1 Clustering - Variational Bayesian Gaussian Mixture

 

3. [Bayesian] “我是bayesian我怕谁”系列 - Latent Variables【概念解读】

 隐变量模型 

[Bayes] Concept Search and LSI

[Bayes] Concept Search and PLSA

[Bayes] Concept Search and LDA

 

 

2. [Bayesian] “我是bayesian我怕谁”系列 - Exact Inference【ignore】

1. [Bayesian] “我是bayesian我怕谁”系列 - Naive Bayes with Prior【贝叶斯在文本分类的极简例子】

 朴素贝叶斯 

[ML] Naive Bayes for Text Classification【原理概览】

[Bayes] Maximum Likelihood estimates for text classification【代码实现】

[Scikit-learn] 1.9 Naive Bayes【不一样先验的朴素贝叶斯】

 

 

 常见分布关系 

<Statistical Inference> goto: 647/686

 

 先验分布与后验分布 

[Math] From Prior to Posterior distribution【先验后验基础知识】

[Bayes] qgamma & rgamma: Central Credible Interval【后验区间估计】

[Bayes] Multinomials and Dirichlet distribution【狄利克雷分布】

 

其中两个概念比较重要：

• • • 无信息先验分布 (Non-informative prior)
    • Jeffreys先验分布 (Jeffreys  prior)

后验便是：贝叶斯统计推断

• • • 后验分布与充分性 (Posterior distribution and sufficiency)
    • 无信息先验下的后验分布 (Posterior distribution with noninformative prior)
    • 共轭先验下的后验分布 (Posterior distribution with conjugate prior)

结合损失函数：贝叶斯统计决策 

• • • 平方损失 (square loss)
    • 加权平方损失 (weighted squared loss)
    • 绝对值损失 (absolute loss)
    • 线性损失函数 (linear loss function)

 

 抽样方法 

一种逼近求值策略：贝叶斯计算方法

• • [Bayes] What is Sampling【采样法大纲】
  • 直接抽样法 & 可视化方法
    • [Bayes] Point --> Line: Estimate "π" by R【撒点逼近Pi值 - 可视化 by line】
    • [Bayes] Point --> Hist: Estimate "π" by R【撒点逼近Pi值 - 可视化 by hist】
    • [Bayes] runif: Inversion Sampling【利用反函数的技巧采样】
      

• • 接受-拒绝抽样（Acceptance-Rejection sampling)
  • 重要性抽样（Importance sampling）
    • [Bayes] Hist & line: Reject Sampling and Importance Sampling【代码实践】
    • 随机模拟-Monte Carlo积分及采样（详述直接采样、接受-拒绝采样、重要性采样）【不错的概览】

• • MCMC抽样方法

[Bayes] MCMC (Markov Chain Monte Carlo)【利用了马尔科夫的平稳性】

(a).  Metropolis-Hasting算法

• • • [Bayes] Metropolis-Hastings Algorithm【传统高级方法】

(b).  Gibbs采样算法

• • • [Bayes] Metroplis Algorithm --> Gibbs Sampling【降维的采样方法】

• • 采样估参
    • [Bayes] Parameter estimation by Sampling【估计出几率分布函数，指望就是参数估值】

 

 其余未整理 

• • [Bayes] *Bayesian Classifier for Face Recognition【高斯脸】
  • [Bayes] *Bayesian Deep Learning for Transparency Improvement【贝叶斯深度学习】

 

 

 

non-Bayesian Machine Learning

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Algorithm Outline

[ML] Roadmap: a long way to go【学习路线北斗导航】

 

 

基本概念

[UFLDL] Basic Concept【基本ML概念】 

[UFLDL] *Train and Optimize 

 

 

基本算法

[Scikit-learn] 1.5 Generalized Linear Models - SGD for Regression

[Scikit-learn] 1.5 Generalized Linear Models - SGD for Classification

 

Online Learning

[Scikit-learn] 1.1 Generalized Linear Models - Comparing various online solvers

[Scikit-learn] Yield miniBatch for online learning.

 

 

线性问题

[UFLDL] Linear Regression & Classification

 

线性拟合

[Scikit-learn] 1.1 Generalized Linear Models - from Linear Regression to L1&L2【最小二乘 --> 正则化】

[Scikit-learn] 1.1 Generalized Linear Models - Lasso Regression【L2相关“内容”，正则化分类固然也能够用】

[ML] Bayesian Linear Regression【增量在线学习的例子】

[Scikit-learn] 1.4 Support Vector Regression【依据最外边距】

[Scikit-learn] Theil-Sen Regression【抗噪能力较好】

 

线性分类

# Discriminative Models

[Scikit-learn] 1.1 Generalized Linear Models - Logistic regression & Softmax【转化为最大似然，也能够将参数“正则”】

[Scikit-learn] 1.1 Generalized Linear Models - Neural network models【MLP多层感知机】

[ML] Bayesian Logistic Regression【统计分类方法的区别】

[Scikit-learn] 1.4 Support Vector Regression【线性可分】

 

# Generative Models

Naive Bayes【参见 "贝叶斯机器学习"】

[ML] Linear Discriminant Analysis【ing】

 

 

决策树

[ML] Decision Tree & Ensembling Metholds【Bagging pk Boosting pk SVM】

 

 

降维

[UFLDL] Dimensionality Reduction【广义降维方法概述】

 

 

聚类

[Scikit-learn] 2.3 Clustering - kmeans

[Scikit-learn] 2.3 Clustering - Spectral clustering

[Scikit-learn] *2.3 Clustering - DBSCAN: Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise

[Scikit-learn] *2.3 Clustering - MeanShift

 

End.