各大主流.Net的IOC框架性能测试比较

时间 2019-11-12

原文原文链接

在上一篇中，我简单介绍了下Autofac的使用，有人但愿能有个性能上的测试，考虑到有那么多的IOC框架，而主流的有：Castle Windsor、微软企业库中的Unity、Spring.NET、StructureMap、Ninject等等。本篇文章主要针对这些IOC框架编写测试程序。html

Autofac下载地址：http://code.google.com/p/autofac/spring

Castle Windsor下载地址：http://sourceforge.net/projects/castleproject/files/Windsor/2.5/Castle.Windsor.2.5.3.zip/downloadapp

Unity下载地址：http://entlib.codeplex.com/框架

Spring.NET下载地址：http://www.springframework.net/ide

StructureMap下载地址：http://sourceforge.net/projects/structuremap/files/性能

Ninject下载地址：http://ninject.org/download测试

其中，测试程序均采用最新的类库。ui

基础工做google

一、程序仍是引用上一篇的示例做为测试背景。spa

二、编写一个性能计数器，这里我采用老赵写的一个CodeTimer的类，具体介绍见：http://www.cnblogs.com/JeffreyZhao/archive/2009/03/10/codetimer.html

使用方式相似于：

int iteration = 100 * 1000;string s = "";
CodeTimer.Time("String Concat", iteration, () => { s += "a"; });
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
CodeTimer.Time("StringBuilder", iteration, () => { sb.Append("a"); });

三、编写一个IRunner运行接口：

public interface IRunner
{
void Start(RunType runType);
}

以及RunnerBase抽象基础运行类：

public abstract class RunnerBase
{
    private int _iteration = Convert.ToInt32(System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["Iteration"] ?? "10000");
    internal int Iteration
    {
        get { return _iteration; }
    }

    internal void Time(Action action)
    {
        CodeTimer.Time(Name, Iteration, action);
    }

    protected abstract string Name { get; }
}

这里_iteration表示测试运行次数，经过配置文件来设置值。Time方法经过计数器对action方法进行Iteration次迭代。

编写一个RunManager的运行管理器：

public class RunManager
{
    public static void Start(IRunner runner)
    {
        Start(runner, RunType.Transient);
    }

    public static void Start(IRunner runner, RunType runType)
    {
        runner.Start(runType);
    }
}

在测试中，我采用两种方式的性能比较，一个是单例状态，一个是非单例状态：

/// <summary>
/// 运行状态
/// </summary>
public enum RunType
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 单例
    /// </summary>
    Singleton,

    /// <summary>
    /// 瞬时
    /// </summary>
    Transient
}

好了，如今个人程序只要继承RunnerBase以及IRunnre接口，就能够实现各个IOC框架的初始化装配的工做了。基础工做已经作好。

各个IOC框架测试程序

一、Autofac：

public class AutofacRunner : RunnerBase, IRunner
{
    protected override string Name
    {
        get { return "Autofac"; }
    }

    public void Start(RunType runType)
    {
        var builder = new ContainerBuilder();

        //if (runType == RunType.Singleton)
        //    builder.RegisterType<DatabaseManager>().SingleInstance();
        //else
        //    builder.RegisterType<DatabaseManager>();
        //builder.RegisterType<SqlDatabase>().As<IDatabase>();
        ////builder.RegisterModule(new ConfigurationSettingsReader("autofac"));

        builder.RegisterType<SqlDatabase>().As<IDatabase>();
        if (runType == RunType.Singleton)
            builder.Register(c => new DatabaseManager(c.Resolve<IDatabase>())).SingleInstance();
        else
            builder.Register(c => new DatabaseManager(c.Resolve<IDatabase>()));

        var container = builder.Build();

        Time(() =>
        {
            var manager = container.Resolve<DatabaseManager>();
            manager.Search("SELECT * FROM USER");
        });

        container.Dispose();
    }
}

二、Castle Windsor：

public class WindsorRunner : RunnerBase, IRunner
{
    protected override string Name
    {
        get { return "Castle Windsor"; }
    }

    public void Start(RunType runType)
    {
        var container = new WindsorContainer();
        if(runType == RunType.Singleton)
            container.Register(Component.For(typeof(DatabaseManager)).LifeStyle.Singleton);
        else
            container.Register(Component.For(typeof(DatabaseManager)).LifeStyle.Transient);

        container.Register(Component.For(typeof(IDatabase)).ImplementedBy(typeof(SqlDatabase)));

        Time(() =>
        {
            var manager = container.Resolve<DatabaseManager>();
            manager.Search("SELECT * FROM USER");
        });
    }
}

三、Unity：

public class UnityRunner : RunnerBase, IRunner
{
    protected override string Name
    {
        get { return "Unity"; }
    }

    public void Start(RunType runType)
    {
        var container = new UnityContainer();
        if(runType == RunType.Singleton)
            container.RegisterType<DatabaseManager>(new ContainerControlledLifetimeManager());
        else
            container.RegisterType<DatabaseManager>(new TransientLifetimeManager());
        container.RegisterType<IDatabase, SqlDatabase>();

        Time(() =>
            {
                var manager = container.Resolve<DatabaseManager>();
                manager.Search("SELECT * FROM USER");
            });
    }
}

四、Spring.NET：

public class SpringRunner : RunnerBase, IRunner
{
    protected override string Name
    {
        get { return "Spring.NET"; }
    }

    public void Start(RunType runType)
    {
        string databaseManagerName;
        if (runType == RunType.Singleton)
            databaseManagerName = "DatabaseManager_Singleton";
        else
            databaseManagerName = "DatabaseManager_Transient";

        Time(() =>
        {
            IApplicationContext context = ContextRegistry.GetContext();
            var manager = (DatabaseManager)context.GetObject(databaseManagerName);
            manager.Search("SELECT * FROM USER");
        });
    }
}

五、StructureMap：

public class StructureMapRunner : RunnerBase, IRunner
{
    protected override string Name
    {
        get { return "StructureMap"; }
    }

    public void Start(RunType runType)
    {
        ObjectFactory.Initialize(container =>
        {
            if (runType == RunType.Singleton)
                container.ForRequestedType<DatabaseManager>().Singleton();
            else
                container.ForRequestedType<DatabaseManager>();
            container.ForRequestedType<IDatabase>().TheDefaultIsConcreteType<SqlDatabase>();
        });

        Time(() =>
            {
                var manager = ObjectFactory.GetInstance<DatabaseManager>();
                manager.Search("SELECT * FROM USER");
            });
    }
}

六、Ninject：

public class NinjectRunner : RunnerBase, IRunner
{
    protected override string Name
    {
        get { return "Ninject"; }
    }

    public void Start(RunType runType)
    {
        IKernel kernel = new StandardKernel(new MyNinjectModule(runType));

        Time(() =>
        {
            var manager = kernel.Get<DatabaseManager>();
            manager.Search("SELECT * FROM USER");
        });
    }
}

客户端测试程序

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    CodeTimer.Initialize();

    Console.WriteLine("IOC - Singleton");
    // Autofac Singleton
    RunManager.Start(new AutofacRunner(), RunType.Singleton);
    // Castle Windsor
    RunManager.Start(new WindsorRunner(), RunType.Singleton);
    // Unity
    RunManager.Start(new UnityRunner(), RunType.Singleton);
    // Spring.NET
    RunManager.Start(new SpringRunner(), RunType.Singleton);
    // StructureMap
    RunManager.Start(new StructureMapRunner(), RunType.Singleton);
    // Ninject
    RunManager.Start(new NinjectRunner(), RunType.Singleton);

    Console.WriteLine("===================================");
    Console.WriteLine("IOC - Transient");
    // Autofac Singleton
    RunManager.Start(new AutofacRunner(), RunType.Transient);
    // Castle Windsor
    RunManager.Start(new WindsorRunner(), RunType.Transient);
    // Unity
    RunManager.Start(new UnityRunner(), RunType.Transient);
    // Spring.NET
    RunManager.Start(new SpringRunner(), RunType.Transient);
    // StructureMap
    RunManager.Start(new StructureMapRunner(), RunType.Transient);
    // Ninject
    RunManager.Start(new NinjectRunner(), RunType.Transient);

    Console.ReadKey();
}

经过修改App.config的Iteration配置值，来设置迭代次数。

运行结果

一、Iteration=1000：

分析：在千数量级时，Autofac，CastleWindsor、StructureMap基本差很少，效率上比其余的要高。

二、Iteration=10000：

分析：在万数量级时，Autofac，CastleWindsor，StructureMap基本效率仍是差很少，其中StructureMap效率稍稍有些降低；Spring.NET以及Ninject的性能比较低。

三、Iteration=100000：

分析：在十万数量级时，CastleWindsor的效率开始降低，而在Transient方面，StructureMap和Autofac基本差很少。

四、Iteration=1000000：

分析：在百万数量级时，Autofac和StructureMap二者仍是保持比较高的效率，而且在Transient方面，StructureMap已经超过了Autofac。

总结：从测试中，能够看出Autofac和StructureMap在性能上面仍是体现出比较大的优点，Ninject能够说性能上较低。而Spring.NET不单单专一于IOC方面，它还专一于其余方方面面的功能，因此在IOC方面的性能不是过高。另外，微软的Unity中规中矩，性能较为稳定，也是一个不错的选择。另外，可能测试程序会有所误差，但愿你们也可以指出问题！

测试程序源代码：IOCPerformanceTest.rar