Spring boot内置Tomcat的临时目录被删除致使文件上传不了-问题解析

一、问题

在过年后,部分运营人员反应说运营后台上传不了图片,而后查看日志,发现报错内容是/tmp/tomcat* 目录不存在git

环境:github

  • spring boot 1.5.15
  • Centos7.6(aliyun)redis

    二、 问题解析

  1. 为何须要使用这个/tmp/tomcat*?
  2. 那个 /tmp/tomcat* 目录为何不存在?

2.一、 为何须要使用这个/tmp/tomcat*?

默认状况下,spring boot 的内置 Tomcat ,会在/tmp建立两个目录 /tmp/tomcat*,这个目录用于存储编译的JSP 和 上传的文件。spring

2.二、那个 /tmp/tomcat* 目录为何不存在?

不存在是由于被Linux 的机制进行清除了。shell

这个机制是什么原理:
首先咱们得从服务 systemd-tmpfiles-clean 提及。tomcat

[root@djx ~]# systemctl  status  systemd-tmpfiles-clean
● systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service - Cleanup of Temporary Directories
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service; static; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since Tue 2020-02-25 09:10:36 CST; 12h ago
     Docs: man:tmpfiles.d(5)
           man:systemd-tmpfiles(8)
  Process: 21819 ExecStart=/usr/bin/systemd-tmpfiles --clean (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 21819 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Feb 25 09:10:36 djx systemd[1]: Starting Cleanup of Temporary Directories...
Feb 25 09:10:36 djx systemd[1]: Started Cleanup of Temporary Directories.

咱们能够看到这个服务今天上午 9点执行了一次,咱们继续看看这个服务对应的执行命令是什么?springboot

cat  /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service
#  This file is part of systemd.
#
#  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
#  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
#  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
#  (at your option) any later version.

[Unit]
Description=Cleanup of Temporary Directories
Documentation=man:tmpfiles.d(5) man:systemd-tmpfiles(8)
DefaultDependencies=no
Conflicts=shutdown.target
After=systemd-readahead-collect.service systemd-readahead-replay.service local-fs.target time-sync.target
Before=shutdown.target

[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/usr/bin/systemd-tmpfiles --clean
IOSchedulingClass=idle

咱们先记住这个执行命令是/usr/bin/systemd-tmpfiles --clean,咱们再来关心下,与这个服务相关的定时器 /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timerapp

cat  /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer 
#  This file is part of systemd.
#
#  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
#  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
#  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
#  (at your option) any later version.

[Unit]
Description=Daily Cleanup of Temporary Directories
Documentation=man:tmpfiles.d(5) man:systemd-tmpfiles(8)

[Timer]
OnBootSec=15min
OnUnitActiveSec=1d

咱们从这知道在启动后的15分钟或者距离上一次执行一天 会执行咱们上面的命令/usr/bin/systemd-tmpfiles --cleanide

那么上面这个命令具体又执行了什么? 咱们在 man systemd-tmpfiles中找到了一些东西。

DESCRIPTION
       systemd-tmpfiles creates, deletes, and cleans up volatile and temporary files and directories, based on the configuration file format and location
       specified in tmpfiles.d(5).

       If invoked with no arguments, it applies all directives from all configuration files. If one or more filenames are passed on the command line, only
       the directives in these files are applied. If only the basename of a configuration file is specified, all configuration directories as specified in
       tmpfiles.d(5) are searched for a matching file.

从上面这个描述我获得了两个信息:

  1. 就是 systemd-tmpfiles 用来建立和清理临时性的目录和文件。
  2. systemd-tmpfiles 会从 tmpfiles.d 中获取配置文件。

固然咱们在 man systemd-tmpfiles 中还能够了解到一些参数命令。

咱们接着去看 tmpfiles.d, 咱们在 man tmpfiles.d中能够看到 tmpfiles.d 的做用就是用于清理临时文件和目录的配置。 咱们还能够看到它的配置存储于

/etc/tmpfiles.d/*.conf
/run/tmpfiles.d/*.conf
/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/*.conf

在这里咱们还能够看到配置文件里面的相关注解。

接下来咱们去上面列出的三个目录里面找找看有没有相关清理/tmp的东西。
最后在 /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/tmp.conf 里面找到了,

cat /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/tmp.conf 
#  This file is part of systemd.
#
#  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
#  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
#  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
#  (at your option) any later version.

# See tmpfiles.d(5) for details

# Clear tmp directories separately, to make them easier to override
v /tmp 1777 root root 10d
v /var/tmp 1777 root root 30d

# Exclude namespace mountpoints created with PrivateTmp=yes
x /tmp/systemd-private-%b-*
X /tmp/systemd-private-%b-*/tmp
x /var/tmp/systemd-private-%b-*
X /var/tmp/systemd-private-%b-*/tmp

咱们能够看其中的两个配置

v /tmp 1777 root root 10d  # 就是当 /tmp 目录不存在的时间进行建立(权限为777,用户和用户组为root),并清理/tmp下超过10天的文件。
x /tmp/systemd-private-%b-*  # 忽略清理的目录
X /tmp/systemd-private-%b-*/tmp # 这个只忽略目录,但不忽略该目录下面的内容

意思就是 清理/tmp 目录下超过10天没有变化的文件,但不清理/tmp/systemd-private-%b-*/tmp/systemd-private-%b-*/tmp.
总结 系统会自动进行清理 /tmp 目录下10天没有变化的文件和目录

过年期间咱们的 Tomcat 生成的目录若是10天没有发生变化,也就会被删除。

3、解决办法

修改 springboot 配置,不要在/tmp 下建立目录

配置参数 :server.tomcat.basedir

修改 清理 /tmp 下面的文件的机制

/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/tmp.conf 下面增长一个 x /tmp/tomcat*

4、spring boot 官方解答

官方相关的 issue :

  • https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/issues/5009
  • https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/issues/9616

在 https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/issues/9616,
在最底部咱们能够

You can see the list of releases that contain the fix in the commit that closed this issue. In the 2.1.x line it was fixed in 2.1.4.

看到 2.1.4 版本已经解决了该问题。在 1系列的版本中,咱们能够看到在 1.5.20 中也修复了,github对应的提交记录

参考:https://www.cnblogs.com/samtech/p/9490166.html

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