用文件挂载目录,将目录的数据写入该文件中,文件拷贝出来后,可在其余机器上再次进行挂载后,就会看到该文件中的数据。
node
[root@localhost file]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/test/part bs=1M count=500 #首先建立一个500M的 文件,写入0,将文件变为分区app
500+0 records inide
500+0 records outoop
524288000 bytes (524 MB) copied, 5.15719 s, 102 MB/sui
[root@localhost file]# mkfs.ext4 /test/part #指定分区格式,进行格式化spa
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)orm
/test/part is not a block special device.ip
Proceed anyway? (y,n) y ci
Filesystem label=同步
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
128016 inodes, 512000 blocks
25600 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=67633152
63 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2032 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 34 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@localhost file]# mount /test/part /test/file
mount: /test/part is not a block device (maybe try `-o loop'?)
[root@localhost file]# mount -o loop /test/part /test/file #将文件挂载时,会提示loop 选项,用此选项
/test/part /test/file ext4 loop 0 0
#若是在/etc/fstab下挂载 时,将loop写入挂载模式中
[root@localhost file1]# blkid /test/part #指定查看该文件,可看到UUID
/test/part: UUID="44f2f514-c291-4ce1-a9ab-7b5b631664cc" TYPE="ext4"
[root@localhost file]# touch 123.txt #为方便观察,咱们建立123.txt文件
[root@localhost test]# mount -o loop /test/part /test/file1 #咱们将该文件挂载到file1目录
[root@localhost file1]# ls #此时,咱们看到file1目录中有file目录中 的123.txt,这就是part文件中的数据起了 做用
123.txt lost+found
[root@localhost file]# ls #此时,file目录中没有了任何数据
[root@localhost file]#
使用此方法,要注意,数据是写在文件中,而不是在目录上,随着文件的转移挂载,数据更改目录,能够把该文件当作一种移动存储的介质。
注意:7版本的不须要添加loop选项。
[root@localhost file]# losetup /dev/loop3 /test/part #指定part为loop3
[root@localhost file]# losetup -a #查看loop
/dev/loop3: [fd00]:524294 (/test/part)
[root@localhost file]# mkdir /test/part2
[root@localhost file]# mount /dev/loop3 /test/part2 #将loop3挂载到part2目录上
[root@localhost file]# mount #查看挂载结果
/dev/mapper/vg0-root on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
/dev/mapper/vg0-usr on /usr type ext4 (rw)
/dev/mapper/vg0-var on /var type ext4 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
/dev/sdb1 on /test/ceshi type ext4 (rw,nosuid,acl)
/dev/loop3 on /test/part2 type ext4 (rw)
目录挂载目录方法:
mount -B或者--bind /test/file /test/file1
分区启用swap
fdisk /dev/sdb
mkswap -L SWAP_SDB1 /dev/sdb1 #-L是建立卷标
vi /etc/fstab
LABEL=SWAP_SDB1 swap swap defaults 0 0
swapon -s #查看swap分区
swapon -a #挂载写入与mount -a效果同样
swapon /dev/sdb1 #临时挂载
文件启用swap
dd if=/dev/zero of=/testdir/swapfile bs=1M count=1024 #将文件改成分区
mkswap /testdir/swapfile
vi /etc/fstab
/testdir/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0
swapon -s cat /proc/swaps
swapon -a
删除swap
swapoff /dev/sdb1 或swapoff /testdir/swapfile
删除/etc/fstab相应记录
删除分区和文件
U盘挂载:
lsmod | grep usb # 查看U盘模块
sync #同步三次
sync
sync
umount /mnt/usb 卸载U盘