【整理】CSS布局方案

咱们在平常开发中常常遇到布局问题,下面罗列几种经常使用的css布局方案
话很少说,上代码!css

如下全部demo的源码
github:https://github.com/zwwill/css-layout/tree/master/demo-1
连接: http://pan.baidu.com/s/1cHBH3g
密码:obkbhtml

居中布局

如下居中布局均以不定宽为前提,定宽状况包含其中css3

一、水平居中

效果图

a) inline-block + text-align

.parent{
    text-align: center;
}
.child{
    display: inline-block;
}

tips:此方案兼容性较好,可兼容至IE8,对于IE567并不支持inline-block,须要使用css hack进行兼容git

b) table + margin

.child{
    display: table;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

tips:此方案兼容至IE8,可使用<table/>代替css写法,兼容性良好github

c) absolute + transform

.parent{
    position: relative;
    height:1.5em;
}
.child{
    position: absolute;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
}

tips:此方案兼容至IE9,由于transform兼容性限制,若是.child为定宽元素,可使用如下写法,兼容性极佳segmentfault

.parent{
    position: relative;
    height:1.5em;
}
.child{
    position: absolute;
    width:100px;
    left: 50%;
    margin-left:-50px;
}

d) flex + justify-content

.parent{
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
}
.child{
    margin: 0 auto;
}

tips:flex是一个强大的css,生而为布局,它能够轻松的知足各类居中、对其、平分的布局要求,但因为现浏览器兼容性问题,此方案不多被使用,可是值得期待浏览器兼容性良好但那一天!浏览器

二、垂直

效果图

a) table-cell + vertial-align

.parent{
    display: table-cell;
    vertical-align: middle;
}

tips:可替换成<table />布局,兼容性良好app

b) absolute + transform

.parent{
    position: relative;
}
.child{
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
}

tips:存在css3兼容问题,定宽兼容性良好布局

c) flex + align-items

.parent{
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
}

tips:高版本浏览器兼容,低版本不适用flex

三、水平垂直

效果图

a) inline-block + table-cell + text-align + vertical-align

.parent{
    text-align: center;
    display: table-cell;
    vertical-align: middle;
}
.child{
    display: inline-block;
}

tips:兼容至IE8
b) absolute + transform

.parent{
    position: relative;
}
.child{
    position: absolute;
    left: 50%;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translate(-50%,-50%);
}

tips:兼容性稍差,兼容IE10以上
c) flex

.parent{
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
}

tips:兼容差

多列布局

一、一列定宽,一列自适应

效果图

a) float + margin

.left{
    float: left;
    width: 100px;
}
.right{
    margin-left: 120px;
}

tips:此方案对于定宽布局比较好,不定宽布局推荐方法b
b) float + overflow

.left{
    float: left;
    width: 100px;
    margin-right: 20px;
}
.right{
    overflow: hidden;
}

tips:我的经常使用写法,此方案不论是多列定宽或是不定宽,均可以完美实现,同时能够实现登高布局
c) table

.parent{
    display: table; width: 100%;
    table-layout: fixed;
}
.left,.right{
    display: table-cell;
}
.left{
    width: 100px;
    padding-right: 20px;
}

d) flex

.parent{
    display: flex;
}
.left{
    width: 100px;
    padding-right: 20px;
}
.right{
    flex: 1;
}

二、多列定宽,一列自适应

效果图

a) float + overflow

.left,.center{
    float: left;
    width: 100px;
    margin-right: 20px;
}
.right{
    overflow: hidden;
}

b) table

.parent{
    display: table; width: 100%;
    table-layout: fixed;
}
.left,.center,.right{
    display: table-cell;
}
.right{
    width: 100px;
    padding-right: 20px;
}

c) flex

.parent{
    display: flex;
}
.left,.center{
    width: 100px;
    padding-right: 20px;
}
.right{
    flex: 1;
}

三、一列不定宽,一列自适应

效果图

a) float + overflow

.left{
    float: left;
    margin-right: 20px;
}
.right{
    overflow: hidden;
}
.left p{width: 200px;}

b) table

.parent{
    display: table; width: 100%;
}
.left,.right{
    display: table-cell;
}
.left{
    width: 0.1%;
    padding-right: 20px;
}
.left p{width:200px;}

c) flex

.parent{
    display: flex;
}
.left{
    margin-right: 20px;
}
.right{
    flex: 1;
}
.left p{width: 200px;}

四、多列不定宽,一列自适应

效果图

a) float + overflow

.left,.center{
    float: left;
    margin-right: 20px;
}
.right{
    overflow: hidden;
}
.left p,.center p{
    width: 100px;
}

五、等分

效果图
a) float + margin

.parent{
    margin-left: -20px;
}
.column{
    float: left;
    width: 25%;
    padding-left: 20px;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

b) table + margin

.parent-fix{
    margin-left: -20px;
}
.parent{
    display: table;
    width:100%;
    table-layout: fixed;
}
.column{
    display: table-cell;
    padding-left: 20px;
}

c) flex

.parent{
    display: flex;
}
.column{
    flex: 1;
}
.column+.column{
    margin-left:20px;
}

六、等高

效果图
a) float + overflow

.parent{
    overflow: hidden;
}
.left,.right{
    padding-bottom: 9999px;
    margin-bottom: -9999px;
}
.left{
    float: left; width: 100px;
}
.right{
    overflow: hidden;
}

b) table

.parent{
    display: table; 
    width: 100%;
}
.left{
    display:table-cell; 
    width: 100px;
    margin-right: 20px;
}
.right{
    display:table-cell; 
}

c) flex

.parent{
    display:flex;
    width: 100%;
}
.left{
    width: 100px;
}
.right{
    flex:1;
}

并排等分,单排对齐靠左布局

效果图
效果图

flex

.main {
    display: flex;
    flex-flow: row wrap;
    justify-content: space-between;
}
.item {
    display: inline-block;
}
.empty{
    height: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
}

具体详解请见下文
http://www.javashuo.com/article/p-dousydcs-km.html

圣杯布局&双飞翼布局

此处仅为代码展现,差异讲解请移驾下文
【方案】圣杯布局&双飞翼布局

圣杯布局

【JsFiddle】
https://jsfiddle.net/zwwill/px57xzp4/

<div class="container">
    <div class="header">header</div>
    <div class="wrapper clearfix">
        <div class="main col">main</div>
        <div class="left col">left</div>
        <div class="right col">right</div>
    </div>
    <div class="footer">footer</div>
</div>
.container {width: 500px; margin: 50px auto;}
.wrapper {padding: 0 100px 0 100px;}
.col {position: relative; float: left;}
.header,.footer {height: 50px;}
.main {width: 100%;height: 200px;}
.left {width: 100px; height: 200px; margin-left: -100%;left: -100px;}
.right {width: 100px; height: 200px; margin-left: -100px; right: -100px;}
.clearfix::after {content: ""; display: block; clear: both; visibility: hidden; height: 0; overflow: hidden;}

双飞翼布局

ps:
“这不是同样的图嘛?”
“对!就是同样的,由于是解决同一种问题的嘛。”

【JsFiddle】
https://jsfiddle.net/zwwill/5xjyeu9d/

<div class="container">
    <div class="header">header</div>
    <div class="wrapper clearfix">
        <div class="main col">
            <div class="main-wrap">main</div>
        </div>
        <div class="left col">left</div>
        <div class="right col">right</div>
    </div>
    <div class="footer">footer</div>
</div>
.col {float: left;}
.header {height: 50px;}
.main {width: 100%;}
.main-wrap {margin: 0 100px 0 100px;height: 200px;}
.left {width: 100px; height: 200px; margin-left: -100%;}
.right {width: 100px; height: 200px; margin-left: -100px;}
.footer {height: 50px;}
.clearfix::after {content: ""; display: block; clear: both; visibility: hidden; height: 0; overflow: hidden;}

无名布局

本身瞎搞的,简单的绝对定位便可解决问题,为啥还要搞什么圣杯和双飞翼
https://jsfiddle.net/zwwill/a...

<div class="header">header</div>
<div class="wrapper">
    <div class="main col">
        main
    </div>
    <div class="left col">
        left
    </div>
    <div class="right col">
        right
    </div>
</div>
<div class="footer">footer</div>
.wrapper { position: relative; }
.main { margin:0 100px;}
.left { position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0;}
.right { position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0;}

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