Key-Value-Coding(KVC)

Objective-C语法之KVC的使用

 

除了通常的赋值和取值的方法,咱们还能够用Key-Value-Coding(KVC)键值编码来访问你要存取的类的属性。html

下图来自苹果官网:数组

 

如何使用KVC存取对象属性呢?看个示例app

一、使用KVC

定义一个Student类,继承于NSObject。函数

.h文件post

 

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Student : NSObject
{
    NSString *name;
}
@end
.m文件

 

#import "Student.h"
@implementation Student
@end

 

.m文件也没有实现。name属性没有加property,原来的访问方法就访问不了name属性了。怎么办呢?用kvc就能够了this

 

#import "Student.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
    @autoreleasepool {
        Student *student = [[[Student alloc]init ]autorelease];
        [student setValue:@"张三" forKey:@"name"];
        NSString *name = [student valueForKey:@"name"];
        NSLog(@"学生姓名:%@",name);
    }
    return 0;
}

 

打印结果:编码

2012-07-20 15:04:09.920 objectiveC[1977:403] 学生姓名:张三url

张三 这个值存进去了,经过valueForKey取出来了。spa

若是存的时候key和类属性的名称不一致会怎么样呢?code

代码改为 

        [student setValue:@"张三forKey:@"name1"];

运行,程序崩溃 ,打印:

2012-07-20 15:09:40.432 objectiveC[2069:403] *** Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSUnknownKeyException', reason: '[<Student 0x106f14270> setValue:forUndefinedKey:]: this class is not key value coding-compliant for the key name1.'

提示没有这个name1 这个key。

二、键路径访问属性

若是访问这个类里中的属性中的属性呢?那就用到了键路径 

关键字:键路径取值valueForKeyPath 键路径存值:forKeyPath

新建一个类Course,课程类,课程类有课程名称这个属性

.h文件

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Course : NSObject
{
    NSString *CourseName;
}
@end
.m文件
#import "Student.h"
@implementation Student
@end

在Student中添加Course属性 ,student.h文件中代码以下:

 

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@class Course;
@interface Student : NSObject
{
    NSString *name;
    Course *course;
}
@end

 

实现仍是什么都没有,这里就不贴代码了

在main方法中,咱们实验经过键路径访问Course中CourseName的属性

 

#import "Student.h"
#import "Course.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
    @autoreleasepool {
        Student *student = [[[Student alloc]init ]autorelease];
        [student setValue:@"张三" forKey:@"name"];
        NSString *name = [student valueForKey:@"name"];
        NSLog(@"学生姓名:%@",name);
        
        Course *course = [[[Course alloc]init] autorelease];
        [course setValue:@"语文课" forKey:@"CourseName"];
        [student setValue:course forKey:@"course"];
        NSString *courseName = [student valueForKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"];
        NSLog(@"课程名称:%@", courseName);
        
        //也能够这样存值
        [student setValue:@"数学课" forKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"];
        courseName = [student valueForKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"];
        NSLog(@"课程名称:%@", courseName);
        
    }
    return 0;
}

 

运行打印结果:

2012-07-20 15:33:51.902 objectiveC[2415:403] 学生姓名:张三

2012-07-20 15:33:51.904 objectiveC[2415:403] 课程名称:语文课

2012-07-20 15:33:51.904 objectiveC[2415:403] 课程名称:数学课

三、自动封装基本数据类型

咱们在Student类中添加分数属性 NSInteger point;

.h文件

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@class Course;
@interface Student : NSObject
{
    NSString *name;
    Course *course;
    NSInteger point;
}
@end
.m文件不改变就无论了

下面是main示例了

 

#import "Student.h"
#import "Course.h"

int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
    @autoreleasepool {
        Student *student = [[[Student alloc]init ]autorelease];
        [student setValue:@"张三" forKey:@"name"];
        NSString *name = [student valueForKey:@"name"];
        NSLog(@"学生姓名:%@",name);
        
        Course *course = [[[Course alloc]init] autorelease];
        [course setValue:@"语文课" forKey:@"CourseName"];
        [student setValue:course forKey:@"course"];
        NSString *courseName = [student valueForKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"];
        NSLog(@"课程名称:%@", courseName);
        
        //也能够这样存值
        [student setValue:@"数学课" forKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"];
        courseName = [student valueForKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"];
        NSLog(@"课程名称:%@", courseName);
        
        [student setValue:@"88" forKeyPath:@"point"];
        NSString *point = [student valueForKey:@"point"];
        NSLog(@"分数:%@", point);
        
    }
    return 0;
}

 

打印结果:

2012-07-20 15:43:19.593 objectiveC[2533:403] 学生姓名:张三

2012-07-20 15:43:19.596 objectiveC[2533:403] 课程名称:语文课

2012-07-20 15:43:19.596 objectiveC[2533:403] 课程名称:数学课

2012-07-20 15:43:19.598 objectiveC[2533:403] 分数:88

咱们用NSString*类型设置的属性值@"88",而咱们的属性是NSInteger类型的,存取都没有问题。

四、操做集合

在Student类中加入数组NSArray,用来表示其余的学生。这样咱们能够添加多个其余的学生,再用集合操做计算学生的分数,最高分,最低分,平均分等

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@class Course;
@interface Student : NSObject
{
    NSString *name;
    Course *course;
    NSInteger point;
    NSArray *otherStudent;
}
@end

.m文件实现不变。

在main函数中添加三个学生,添加到数组中,而后求平均分,最高,最低分,学生数量

#import "Student.h"
#import "Course.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
    @autoreleasepool {
        Student *student = [[[Student alloc]init ]autorelease];
        [student setValue:@"张三" forKey:@"name"];
        NSString *name = [student valueForKey:@"name"];
        NSLog(@"学生姓名:%@",name);
        
        [student setValue:@"88" forKey:@"point"];
        NSString *point = [student valueForKey:@"point"];
        NSLog(@"分数:%@", point);
        
        Student *student1 = [[[Student alloc]init]autorelease];
        Student *student2 = [[[Student alloc]init]autorelease];
        Student *student3 = [[[Student alloc]init]autorelease];
        [student1 setValue:@"65" forKey:@"point"];
        [student2 setValue:@"77" forKey:@"point"];
        [student3 setValue:@"99" forKey:@"point"];
        NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:student1,student2,student3,nil];
        [student setValue:array forKey:@"otherStudent"];
        NSLog(@"其余学生的成绩%@", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.point"]);
        NSLog(@"共%@个学生", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.@count"]);
        NSLog(@"最高成绩:%@", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.@max.point"]);
        NSLog(@"最低成绩:%@", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.@min.point"]);
        NSLog(@"平均成绩:%@", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.@avg.point"]);
    }
    return 0;
}

运行打印结果

2012-07-20 16:09:17.101 objectiveC[2857:403] 学生姓名:张三

2012-07-20 16:09:17.104 objectiveC[2857:403] 分数:88

2012-07-20 16:09:17.105 objectiveC[2857:403] 其余学生的成绩(

    65,

    77,

    99

)

2012-07-20 16:09:17.106 objectiveC[2857:403] 共3个学生

2012-07-20 16:09:17.106 objectiveC[2857:403] 最高成绩:99

2012-07-20 16:09:17.107 objectiveC[2857:403] 最低成绩:65

2012-07-20 16:09:17.108 objectiveC[2857:403] 平均成绩:80.333333333333333333333333333333333333

还能够求总和  @sum。

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