上一篇文章讲了Netty的理论基础,这一篇讲一下Netty在项目中的应用场景之一:消息推送功能,能够知足给全部用户推送,也能够知足给指定某一个用户推送消息,建立的是SpringBoot项目,后台服务端使用Netty技术,前端页面使用WebSocket技术。javascript
大概实现思路:html
- 前端使用webSocket与服务端建立链接的时候,将用户ID传给服务端
- 服务端将用户ID与channel关联起来存储,同时将channel放入到channel组中
- 若是须要给全部用户发送消息,直接执行channel组的writeAndFlush()方法
- 若是须要给指定用户发送消息,根据用户ID查询到对应的channel,而后执行writeAndFlush()方法
- 前端获取到服务端推送的消息以后,将消息内容展现到文本域中
下面是具体的代码实现,基本上每一步操做都配有注释说明,配合注释看应该仍是比较容易理解的。前端
**第零步:**引入Netty的依赖,和一个工具包(只用到了json工具,可用其余json工具代替)java
<dependency>
<groupId>io.netty</groupId>
<artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
<version>4.1.33.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
<artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
<version>5.2.3</version>
</dependency>
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**第一步:**在NettyConfig中定义一个channel组,管理全部的channel,再定义一个map,管理用户与channel的对应关系。web
package com.sixj.nettypush.config;
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.group.ChannelGroup;
import io.netty.channel.group.DefaultChannelGroup;
import io.netty.util.concurrent.GlobalEventExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
/** * @author sixiaojie * @date 2020-03-28-15:07 */
public class NettyConfig {
/** * 定义一个channel组,管理全部的channel * GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE 是全局的事件执行器,是一个单例 */
private static ChannelGroup channelGroup = new DefaultChannelGroup(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE);
/** * 存放用户与Chanel的对应信息,用于给指定用户发送消息 */
private static ConcurrentHashMap<String,Channel> userChannelMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
private NettyConfig() {}
/** * 获取channel组 * @return */
public static ChannelGroup getChannelGroup() {
return channelGroup;
}
/** * 获取用户channel map * @return */
public static ConcurrentHashMap<String,Channel> getUserChannelMap(){
return userChannelMap;
}
}
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**第二步:**建立NettyServer,定义两个EventLoopGroup,bossGroup辅助客户端的tcp链接请求, workGroup负责与客户端以前的读写操做,须要说明的是,须要开启一个新的线程来执行netty server,要否则会阻塞主线程,到时候就没法调用项目的其余controller接口了。spring
package com.sixj.nettypush.websocket;
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectAggregator;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpServerCodec;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocketServerProtocolHandler;
import io.netty.handler.codec.serialization.ObjectEncoder;
import io.netty.handler.stream.ChunkedWriteHandler;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
/** * @author sixiaojie * @date 2020-03-28-13:44 */
@Component
public class NettyServer{
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(NettyServer.class);
/** * webSocket协议名 */
private static final String WEBSOCKET_PROTOCOL = "WebSocket";
/** * 端口号 */
@Value("${webSocket.netty.port:58080}")
private int port;
/** * webSocket路径 */
@Value("${webSocket.netty.path:/webSocket}")
private String webSocketPath;
@Autowired
private WebSocketHandler webSocketHandler;
private EventLoopGroup bossGroup;
private EventLoopGroup workGroup;
/** * 启动 * @throws InterruptedException */
private void start() throws InterruptedException {
bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
workGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
// bossGroup辅助客户端的tcp链接请求, workGroup负责与客户端以前的读写操做
bootstrap.group(bossGroup,workGroup);
// 设置NIO类型的channel
bootstrap.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class);
// 设置监听端口
bootstrap.localAddress(new InetSocketAddress(port));
// 链接到达时会建立一个通道
bootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
// 流水线管理通道中的处理程序(Handler),用来处理业务
// webSocket协议自己是基于http协议的,因此这边也要使用http编解码器
ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpServerCodec());
ch.pipeline().addLast(new ObjectEncoder());
// 以块的方式来写的处理器
ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChunkedWriteHandler());
/* 说明: 一、http数据在传输过程当中是分段的,HttpObjectAggregator能够将多个段聚合 二、这就是为何,当浏览器发送大量数据时,就会发送屡次http请求 */
ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(8192));
/* 说明: 一、对应webSocket,它的数据是以帧(frame)的形式传递 二、浏览器请求时 ws://localhost:58080/xxx 表示请求的uri 三、核心功能是将http协议升级为ws协议,保持长链接 */
ch.pipeline().addLast(new WebSocketServerProtocolHandler(webSocketPath, WEBSOCKET_PROTOCOL, true, 65536 * 10));
// 自定义的handler,处理业务逻辑
ch.pipeline().addLast(webSocketHandler);
}
});
// 配置完成,开始绑定server,经过调用sync同步方法阻塞直到绑定成功
ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.bind().sync();
log.info("Server started and listen on:{}",channelFuture.channel().localAddress());
// 对关闭通道进行监听
channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
}
/** * 释放资源 * @throws InterruptedException */
@PreDestroy
public void destroy() throws InterruptedException {
if(bossGroup != null){
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully().sync();
}
if(workGroup != null){
workGroup.shutdownGracefully().sync();
}
}
@PostConstruct()
public void init() {
//须要开启一个新的线程来执行netty server 服务器
new Thread(() -> {
try {
start();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}).start();
}
}
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第三步: 具体实现业务的WebSocketHandler,具体实现逻辑看注释json
package com.sixj.nettypush.websocket;
import cn.hutool.json.JSONObject;
import cn.hutool.json.JSONUtil;
import com.sixj.nettypush.config.NettyConfig;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.TextWebSocketFrame;
import io.netty.util.AttributeKey;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/** * TextWebSocketFrame类型, 表示一个文本帧 * @author sixiaojie * @date 2020-03-28-13:47 */
@Component
@ChannelHandler.Sharable
public class WebSocketHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<TextWebSocketFrame> {
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(NettyServer.class);
/** * 一旦链接,第一个被执行 * @param ctx * @throws Exception */
@Override
public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
log.info("handlerAdded 被调用"+ctx.channel().id().asLongText());
// 添加到channelGroup 通道组
NettyConfig.getChannelGroup().add(ctx.channel());
}
/** * 读取数据 */
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, TextWebSocketFrame msg) throws Exception {
log.info("服务器收到消息:{}",msg.text());
// 获取用户ID,关联channel
JSONObject jsonObject = JSONUtil.parseObj(msg.text());
String uid = jsonObject.getStr("uid");
NettyConfig.getUserChannelMap().put(uid,ctx.channel());
// 将用户ID做为自定义属性加入到channel中,方便随时channel中获取用户ID
AttributeKey<String> key = AttributeKey.valueOf("userId");
ctx.channel().attr(key).setIfAbsent(uid);
// 回复消息
ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame("服务器链接成功!"));
}
@Override
public void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
log.info("handlerRemoved 被调用"+ctx.channel().id().asLongText());
// 删除通道
NettyConfig.getChannelGroup().remove(ctx.channel());
removeUserId(ctx);
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
log.info("异常:{}",cause.getMessage());
// 删除通道
NettyConfig.getChannelGroup().remove(ctx.channel());
removeUserId(ctx);
ctx.close();
}
/** * 删除用户与channel的对应关系 * @param ctx */
private void removeUserId(ChannelHandlerContext ctx){
AttributeKey<String> key = AttributeKey.valueOf("userId");
String userId = ctx.channel().attr(key).get();
NettyConfig.getUserChannelMap().remove(userId);
}
}
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**第四步:**具体消息推送的接口bootstrap
public interface PushService {
/** * 推送给指定用户 * @param userId * @param msg */
void pushMsgToOne(String userId,String msg);
/** * 推送给全部用户 * @param msg */
void pushMsgToAll(String msg);
}
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接口实现类:后端
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
/** * @author sixiaojie * @date 2020-03-30-20:10 */
@Service
public class PushServiceImpl implements PushService {
@Override
public void pushMsgToOne(String userId, String msg){
ConcurrentHashMap<String, Channel> userChannelMap = NettyConfig.getUserChannelMap();
Channel channel = userChannelMap.get(userId);
channel.writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame(msg));
}
@Override
public void pushMsgToAll(String msg){
NettyConfig.getChannelGroup().writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame(msg));
}
}
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controller:浏览器
package com.sixj.nettypush.controller;
import com.sixj.nettypush.service.PushService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
/** * @author sixiaojie * @date 2020-03-30-20:08 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/push")
public class PushController {
@Autowired
private PushService pushService;
/** * 推送给全部用户 * @param msg */
@PostMapping("/pushAll")
public void pushToAll(@RequestParam("msg") String msg){
pushService.pushMsgToAll(msg);
}
/** * 推送给指定用户 * @param userId * @param msg */
@PostMapping("/pushOne")
public void pushMsgToOne(@RequestParam("userId") String userId,@RequestParam("msg") String msg){
pushService.pushMsgToOne(userId,msg);
}
}
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**第五步:**前端html页面
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<script> var socket; // 判断当前浏览器是否支持webSocket if(window.WebSocket){ socket = new WebSocket("ws://192.168.174.25:58080/webSocket") // 至关于channel的read事件,ev 收到服务器回送的消息 socket.onmessage = function (ev) { var rt = document.getElementById("responseText"); rt.value = rt.value + "\n" + ev.data; } // 至关于链接开启 socket.onopen = function (ev) { var rt = document.getElementById("responseText"); rt.value = "链接开启了..." socket.send( JSON.stringify({ // 链接成功将,用户ID传给服务端 uid: "123456" }) ); } // 至关于链接关闭 socket.onclose = function (ev) { var rt = document.getElementById("responseText"); rt.value = rt.value + "\n" + "链接关闭了..."; } }else{ alert("当前浏览器不支持webSocket") } </script>
<form onsubmit="return false">
<textarea id="responseText" style="height: 150px; width: 300px;"></textarea>
<input type="button" value="清空内容" onclick="document.getElementById('responseText').value=''">
</form>
</body>
</html>
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目前为止,全部代码已经写完了,测试一下
首先运行这个html文件,会看到服务端给前端返回的消息“服务器链接成功了!”,后端日志会打印服务器收到消息:{"uid":"123456"}
而后使用postman测试推送的接口
测试成功,打完收工~ 若有疑问,能够在公众号后台联系我