Java并发编程中使用Executors类建立和管理线程的用法html
1.类 Executors
Executors类能够看作一个“工具类”。援引JDK1.6 API中的介绍:java
此包中所定义的 Executor、ExecutorService、ScheduledExecutorService、ThreadFactory 和 Callable 类的工厂和实用方法。此类支持如下各类方法:编程
经过这个类可以得到多种线程池的实例,例如能够调用newSingleThreadExecutor()得到单线程的ExecutorService,调 用newFixedThreadPool()得到固定大小线程池的ExecutorService,等等。拿到ExecutorService能够作的事情就比 较多了,最简单的是用它来执行Runnable对象,也能够执行一些实现了Callable<T>的对象。用Thread的start()方 法没有返回值,若是该线程执行的方法有返回值那用ExecutorService就再好不过了,能够选择submit()、invokeAll()或者 invokeAny(),根据具体状况选择合适的方法便可。此类中提供的一些方法有:多线程
1.1 public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool()
建立一个可根据须要建立新线程的线程池,可是在之前构造的线程可用时将重用它们。对于执行不少短时间异步任务的程序而言,这些线程池一般可提升程序性能。
1.2 public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads)
建立一个可重用固定线程数的线程池,以共享的无界队列方式来运行这些线程。
1.3 public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor()
建立一个使用单个 worker 线程的 Executor,以无界队列方式来运行该线程。闭包
2. 接口 ThreadFactory 并发
根据须要建立新线程的对象。使用线程工厂就无需再手工编写对 new Thread 的调用了,从而容许应用程序使用特殊的线程子类、属性等等。此接口最简单的实现就是:异步
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class
SimpleThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
public
Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
return
new
Thread(r);
}
}
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3. 接口ExecutorService工具
该接口提供了管理终止的方法。性能
4.建立标准线程池启动线程spa
4.1 提供一个简单的实现Runnable接口的线程
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public
class
MyThread implements Runnable {
private
int
count = 1, number;
public
MyThread(
int
num) {
number = num;
System.
out
.println(
"Create Thread-"
+ number);
}
public
void
run() {
while
(
true
) {
System.
out
.println(
"Thread-"
+ number +
" run "
+ count+
" time(s)"
);
if
(++count == 3)
return
;
}
}
}
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4.2使用CachedThreadPool启动线程
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import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public
class
CachedThreadPool {
public
static
void
main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for
(
int
i = 0; i < 5; i++)
exec.execute(
new
MyThread(i));
exec.shutdown();
}
}
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4.3 使用FixedThreadPool启动线程
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import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public
class
FixedThreadPool {
public
static
void
main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
for
(
int
i = 0; i < 5; i++)
exec.execute(
new
MyThread(i));
exec.shutdown();
}
}
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4.4 使用SingleThreadExecutor启动线程
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import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public
class
SingleThreadExecutor {
public
static
void
main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
for
(
int
i = 0; i < 5; i++)
exec.execute(
new
MyThread(i));
exec.shutdown();
}
}
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5.配合ThreadFactory接口的使用
给线程加入daemon和priority的属性设置 设置后台线程属性,设置优先级属性
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import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
public
class
MaxPriorityThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
public
Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
Thread t =
new
Thread(r);
t.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
return
t;
}
}
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import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
public
class
DaemonThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
public
Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
Thread t =
new
Thread(r);
t.setDaemon(
true
);
return
t;
}
}
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//最低优先级
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
public
class
MinPriorityThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
public
Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
Thread t =
new
Thread(r);
t.setPriority(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY);
return
t;
}
}
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5.3启动带有属性设置的线程
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import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public
class
ExecFromFactory {
public
static
void
main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ExecutorService defaultExec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
ExecutorService daemonExec = Executors
.newCachedThreadPool(
new
DaemonThreadFactory());
ExecutorService maxPriorityExec = Executors
.newCachedThreadPool(
new
MaxPriorityThreadFactory());
ExecutorService minPriorityExec = Executors
.newCachedThreadPool(
new
MinPriorityThreadFactory());
for
(
int
i = 0; i < 10; i++)
daemonExec.execute(
new
MyThread(i));
for
(
int
i = 10; i < 20; i++)
if
(i == 10)
maxPriorityExec.execute(
new
MyThread(i));
else
if
(i == 11)
minPriorityExec.execute(
new
MyThread(i));
else
defaultExec.execute(
new
MyThread(i));
}
}
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参考文章:
1. Java多线程与并发
2. Java 线程池的使用