Centos7安装MySQL8.0

时间  2020-05-09
标签 centos7 centos 安装 mysql8.0 mysql 栏目 Tomcat 繁體版
原文   原文链接

请到这个地址看：http://www.javashuo.com/article/p-zwqvcpzb-k.html Centos7安装MySQL8.0 - 操做手册html

 

1、yum安装方式：

  • 卸载以前版本的mysql：
[root@DB-node01 ~]# for i in $(rpm -qa|grep mysql);do rpm -e $i --nodeps;done
[root@DB-node01 ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql && rm -rf /etc/my.cnf

　　 

下载地址:  https: //pan .baidu.com /s/1QzYaSnzAQeTqAmk8FE9doA   提取密码: 2maw
  • 安装、启动、第一次登陆
[root@DB-node01 ~]# yum localinstall https://repo.mysql.com//mysql80-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm #安装yum源文件
[root@DB-node01 ~]# yum install mysql-community-server
[root@DB-node01 ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@DB-node01 ~]# systemctl enable mysqld
[root@DB-node01 ~]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2019-03-06T01:53:19.897262Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: e53xDalx.*dE
[root@DB-node01 ~]# mysql -p'e53xDalx.*dE'
########
  • 修改密码、密码复杂性要求
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
 
mysql> set global validate_password.policy=0;　　--Mysql5.7有点不同了.
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
   
mysql> set global validate_password.length=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';  --接着再修改密码
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
   
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
############
  • 查看基本信息：
mysql> select version();  --查看版本
mysql> show global variables like 'port'; --查看服务端口
mysql> select host,user,authentication_string from mysql.user;  --查看mysql链接的受权信息
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| host      | user             | authentication_string                                                  |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.session    | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.sys        | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | root             | $A$005${7J0=4Dc7Jym8eI/FU4jimKWFvkD9XmoAkF1ca5.Un0bc6zgmPtU.0          |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#######node

mysql5.7以后的数据库里mysql.user表里已经没有password这个字段了，password字段改为了authentication_string。mysql

mysql> select host,user,password from mysql.user;  --这是mysql5.6及如下版本的查看命令,  
ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'password' in 'field list'

 

============================= mysql8.0修改用户密码命令 ================================
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> ALTER USER  'root' @ 'localhost'  IDENTIFIED BY  '123456' ;
mysql> flush privileges;
 

2、二进制安装

 
下载Mysql8.0.12地址:  https: //pan .baidu.com /s/1LyXrkrCPP7QKLrWYbLRBlw
提取密码:  emmf
  • 删除系统默认或以前可能安装的其余版本的mysql
[root@mysql8-node ~]# for i in $(rpm -qa|grep mysql);do rpm -e $i --nodeps;done
[root@mysql8-node ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql && rm -rf /etc/my.cnf

　　 

  • 安装依赖包，建立用户、解压安装包
[root@mysql8-node ~]# yum -y install libaio
[root@mysql8-node ~]# yum -y install net-tools
[root@mysql8-node ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@mysql8-node ~]# useradd -g mysql mysql
[root@mysql8-node ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@mysql-node src]# tar -zvxf mysql8.0.12_bin_centos7.tar.gz
[root@mysql-node src]# mv mysql /usr/local/
[root@mysql-node src]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
 
  • 将命令加入环境变量
[root@mysql-node src]# vim /home/mysql/.bash_profile
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH
[root@mysql-node src]# source /home/mysql/.bash_profile
[root@mysql-node src]# echo "PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile
[root@mysql-node src]# source /etc/profile

　　

  • 建立数据目录
[root@mysql-node src]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/{data,log,binlog,conf,tmp}         
[root@mysql-node src]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql

 

  • 配置mysql
[root@mysql-node src] # su - mysql
[mysql@mysql-node ~]$ vim  /data/mysql/conf/my .cnf 
[mysqld]
lower_case_table_names          = 1
user                            = mysql
server_id                       = 1
port                            = 3306
 
default-time-zone = '+08:00'
enforce_gtid_consistency        = ON
gtid_mode                       = ON
binlog_checksum                 = none
default_authentication_plugin   = mysql_native_password
datadir                         = /data/mysql/data
pid-file                        = /data/mysql/tmp/mysqld.pid
socket                          = /data/mysql/tmp/mysqld.sock
tmpdir                          = /data/mysql/tmp/
skip-name-resolve               = ON
open_files_limit                = 65535
table_open_cache                = 2000
 
################# innodb ########################
innodb_data_home_dir            = /data/mysql/data
innodb_data_file_path           = ibdata1:512M;ibdata2:512M:autoextend
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 12000M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_io_capacity = 600
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_log_file_size = 200M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 85
innodb_read_io_threads = 8
innodb_write_io_threads = 8
innodb_thread_concurrency = 32
innodb_file_per_table
innodb_rollback_on_timeout
 
innodb_undo_directory           = /data/mysql/data
innodb_log_group_home_dir       = /data/mysql/data
 
################### session ###########################
join_buffer_size = 8M
key_buffer_size = 256M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M
max_heap_table_size = 96M
tmp_table_size = 96M
read_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
max_allowed_packet = 64M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 32M
 
############ log set ###################
log-error                       = /data/mysql/log/mysqld.err
log-bin                         = /data/mysql/binlog/binlog
log_bin_index                   = /data/mysql/binlog/binlog.index
max_binlog_size                 = 500M
slow_query_log_file             = /data/mysql/log/slow.log
slow_query_log                  = 1
long_query_time                 = 10
log_queries_not_using_indexes   = ON
log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes  = 10
log_slow_admin_statements       = ON
log_output                      = FILE,TABLE
master_info_file                = /data/mysql/binlog/master.info

　　

  •  初始化、启动、登陆、重置初始密码
6) 初始化 (稍等一下子, 能够到/data/mysql/log/mysqld.err日子里查看初始化过程, 看看有没有error信息)
[mysql@mysql-node ~]$ mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/conf/my.cnf  --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql 
 
7) 启动mysqld
[mysql@mysql-node ~]$ mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql/conf/my.cnf & 
[mysql@mysql-node ~]$ lsof -i:3306
COMMAND   PID  USER   FD   TYPE   DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
mysqld  24743 mysql   23u  IPv6 23132988      0t0  TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)
 
8) 登陆mysql, 重置密码
本地首次使用sock文件登陆mysql是不须要密码的
[mysql@mysql-node ~]# mysql -S /data/mysql/tmp/mysqld.sock
.............
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
 
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
 
mysql> select host,user,authentication_string from mysql.user;
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| host      | user             | authentication_string                                                  |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.session    | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.sys        | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | root             | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9                              |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
退出, 此时密码重置后, 就不能使用sock文件无密码登陆了
[root@mysql-node ~]# mysql -S /data/mysql/tmp/mysqld.sock
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
 
[root@mysql-node ~]# mysql -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)
 
作sock文件的软连接
[root@mysql-node ~]# ln -s /data/mysql/tmp/mysqld.sock /tmp/mysql.sock
 
[root@mysql-node ~]# mysql -p123456
或者
[root@mysql-node ~]# mysql -uroot -S /data/mysql/tmp/mysqld.sock -p123456
.............
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 8.0.12    |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

　　

  •  受权
#授予用户权限. 必须先要建立用户, 才能受权!!
(建立用户时要带@并指定地址, 则grant受权时的地址就是这个@后面指定的!, 不然grant受权就会报错!)
mysql> create user 'kevin'@'%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
 
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'kevin'@'%' with grant option; 
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.21 sec)
 
mysql> select host,user,authentication_string from mysql.user;
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| host      | user             | authentication_string                                                  |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| %         | kevin            | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9                              |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.session    | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.sys        | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | root             | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9                              |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> update mysql.user set host='172.16.60.%' where user="kevin";
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.16 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0
 
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
 
mysql> select host,user,authentication_string from mysql.user;
+-------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| host        | user             | authentication_string                                                  |
+-------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 172.16.60.% | kevin            | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9                              |
| localhost   | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost   | mysql.session    | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost   | mysql.sys        | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost   | root             | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9                              |
+-------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql>  create user 'bobo'@'172.16.60.%' identified by '123456';      
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
 
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'bobo'@'172.16.60.%';     
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.17 sec)
 
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
 
mysql> select host,user,authentication_string from mysql.user;
+-------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| host        | user             | authentication_string                                                  |
+-------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 172.16.60.% | bobo             | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9                              |
| 172.16.60.% | kevin            | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9                              |
| localhost   | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost   | mysql.session    | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost   | mysql.sys        | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost   | root             | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9                              |
+-------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> show grants for kevin@'172.16.60.%';
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for kevin@172.16.60.%                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, RELOAD, SHUTDOWN, PROCESS, FILE, REFERENCES, INDEX, ALTER, SHOW DATABASES, SUPER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES, EXECUTE, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW, CREATE ROUTINE, ALTER ROUTINE, CREATE USER, EVENT, TRIGGER, CREATE TABLESPACE, CREATE ROLE, DROP ROLE ON *.* TO `kevin`@`172.16.60.%` WITH GRANT OPTION |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 

 

MySQL单机多实例安装配置

上面已经有了一个3306端口的MySQL实例, 如今须要再起来两个实例, 分别为3307, 3308. 操做以下:sql

  •  建立数据目录、生成和修改mysql配置文件
#建立实例的数据目录
[root@mysql-node ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql3307/{data,log,binlog,conf,tmp}      
[root@mysql-node ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql3308/{data,log,binlog,conf,tmp}     
[root@mysql-node ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql3307
[root@mysql-node ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql3308
 
#配置mysql
[root@mysql-node ~]# cp -r /data/mysql/conf/my.cnf /data/mysql3307/conf/
[root@mysql-node ~]# cp -r /data/mysql/conf/my.cnf /data/mysql3308/conf/
[root@mysql-node ~]# sed -i 's#/data/mysql/#/data/mysql3307/#g' /data/mysql3307/conf/my.cnf
[root@mysql-node ~]# sed -i 's#/data/mysql/#/data/mysql3308/#g' /data/mysql3308/conf/my.cnf
[root@mysql-node ~]# sed -i 's/3306/3307/g' /data/mysql3307/conf/my.cnf
[root@mysql-node ~]# sed -i 's/3306/3308/g' /data/mysql3308/conf/my.cnf  
[root@mysql-node ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql*

　　

  • 初始化实例、启动mysql、设置密码
进行初始化两个实例
[root@mysql-node ~]# mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql3307/conf/my.cnf  --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql 
[root@mysql-node ~]# mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql3308/conf/my.cnf  --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql
 
接着启动mysqld
[root@mysql-node ~]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql3307/conf/my.cnf &
[root@mysql-node ~]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql3308/conf/my.cnf &
 
[root@mysql-node ~]# ps -ef|grep mysql
mysql    23996     1  0 14:37 ?        00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql/conf/my.cnf
mysql    24743 23996  0 14:38 ?        00:00:17 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/conf/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --log-error=/data/mysql/log/mysqld.err --open-files-limit=65535 --pid-file=/data/mysql/tmp/mysqld.pid --socket=/data/mysql/tmp/mysqld.sock --port=3306
root     30473 23727  0 15:33 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql3307/conf/my.cnf
mysql    31191 30473 17 15:33 pts/0    00:00:02 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql3307/conf/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql3307/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql3307/log/mysqld.err --open-files-limit=65535 --pid-file=/data/mysql3307/tmp/mysqld.pid --socket=/data/mysql3307/tmp/mysqld.sock --port=3307
root     31254 23727  0 15:33 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql3308/conf/my.cnf
mysql    31977 31254 39 15:33 pts/0    00:00:02 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql3308/conf/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql3308/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql3308/log/mysqld.err --open-files-limit=65535 --pid-file=/data/mysql3308/tmp/mysqld.pid --socket=/data/mysql3308/tmp/mysqld.sock --port=3308
root     32044 23727  0 15:34 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
 
[root@mysql-node ~]# lsof -i:3307
COMMAND   PID  USER   FD   TYPE   DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
mysqld  31191 mysql   22u  IPv6 23144844      0t0  TCP *:opsession-prxy (LISTEN)
[root@mysql-node ~]# lsof -i:3308
COMMAND   PID  USER   FD   TYPE   DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
mysqld  31977 mysql   22u  IPv6 23145727      0t0  TCP *:tns-server (LISTEN)
[root@mysql-node ~]# lsof -i:3306
COMMAND   PID  USER   FD   TYPE   DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
mysqld  24743 mysql   23u  IPv6 23132988      0t0  TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)
 
登陆3307端口实例, 并设置密码
[root@mysql-node ~]# mysql -S /data/mysql3307/tmp/mysqld.sock
............
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
 
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
 
退出, 使用新密码登陆
[root@mysql-node ~]# mysql -uroot -S /data/mysql3307/tmp/mysqld.sock -p123456   
.............
mysql>
 
同理, 登陆3308端口实例, 并设置密码
[root@mysql-node ~]# mysql -S /data/mysql3308/tmp/mysqld.sock
...........
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)
 
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
 
退出, 使用新密码登陆
[root@mysql-node ~]# mysql -uroot -S /data/mysql3308/tmp/mysqld.sock -p123456
....................
mysql>
 
 
==========================================
3306, 3307, 3308三个端口实例的启动命令分别为:
mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql/conf/my.cnf &
mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql3307/conf/my.cnf &
mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql3308/conf/my.cnf &
 
登陆命令分别为:
mysql -uroot -S /data/mysql/tmp/mysqld.sock -p123456
mysql -uroot -S /data/mysql3307/tmp/mysqld.sock -p123456
mysql -uroot -S /data/mysql3308/tmp/mysqld.sock -p123456

　　 

编写mysql多端口实例的登陆脚本

上面的多端口实例配置以后, 查看一个登陆脚本:myin (注意将脚本中的密码改成本身的密码)
  • 编写登陆脚本并受权（此处故障解决方法在下方）
[root@mysql-node ~]# ll /usr/local/mysql/bin/myin
-rwxrwxr-x 1 mysql mysql 161 Aug 22  2018 /usr/local/mysql/bin/myin
[root@mysql-node ~]# cat /usr/local/mysql/bin/myin
#!/bin/bash
 
p=$1
shift
mysql -h"127.0.0.1" -P"$p" --default-character-set=utf8mb4 --show-warnings -uroot -p'123456' -A --prompt="(\u@\p)[\d]> " "$@"

　

  • 尝试登陆
[mysql@mysql-node ~]# myin 3306
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1130 (HY000): Host '127.0.0.1' is not allowed to connect to this MySQL server

 

  • 解决方法

这是由于各个端口实例中的root用户受权的是localhost, 而不是127.0.0.1, 则能够再次添加一个针对127.0.0.1的root用户受权或者将myin脚本中的127.0.0.1 修改成 localhost数据库

[root@mysql-node ~]# sed -i 's/127.0.0.1/localhost/g' /usr/local/mysql/bin/myin
[root@mysql-node ~]# cat /usr/local/mysql/bin/myin
#!/bin/bash
 
p=$1
shift
mysql -h"localhost" -P"$p" --default-character-set=utf8mb4 --show-warnings -uroot -p'123456' -A --prompt="(\u@\p)[\d]> " "$@"
 
则如今能够登陆各个实例了, 登陆命令为"myin port"
 
登陆3306端口实例
[root@mysql-node ~]# myin 3306
>
 
登陆3307端口实例
[root@mysql-node ~]# myin 3307
>
 
登陆3308端口实例
[root@mysql-node ~]# myin 3308
>

　　

生产环境下的思路: 同一个业务库单独放在一个实例下, 不要混用数据库. 单机多实例间能够作主从或主主同步, 也能够在多机多实例之间坐主从或主主同步.
好比: 
A机器有三个实例:  3310, 3311, 3312
B机器有三个实例:  3310, 3311, 3312
C机器有三个实例:  3310, 3311, 3312 vim

则三台机器的每一个对应的端口实例之间作主从或主主同步(GTID, MGR), 一主两从, 或三主模式.  (多实例环境最好不要用3306端口, 不然常常会出现一些误操做)centos

 

 

3、Mysql8.0使用过程当中踩过的一些坑

1)  建立用户和受权
在mysql8.0建立用户和受权和以前不太同样了，其实严格上来说，也不能说是不同, 只能说是更严格, mysql8.0须要先建立用户(建立用户时要带@并指定地址, 则grant受权时的地址就是这个@后面指定的!, 不然grant受权就会报错!)和设置密码,而后才能受权。bash

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mysql> create user  'kevin' @ '%'  identified by  '123456' ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
 
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to  'kevin' @ '%'  with grant option;   
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
 
mysql> create user  'bobo' @ '%'  identified by  '123456' ;    
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
 
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to  'bobo' @ '%'  with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
 
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
 
mysql>  select  host,user,authentication_string from mysql.user;
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| host      | user             | authentication_string                                                  |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| %         | bobo             | $A$005$1VY")q?G6<^X@-6LsXrPt5C0TwlTuvHbaOa3sYF0DKViIGoRPuCF8AzwiFcim1  |
| %         | kevin            | $A$005$hy`U}ZB #R::rA8W0y2rmwgySqzv0rmR1eTeNDSaXfQPWIsrh7ytbVdi85       |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.session    | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.sys        | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | root             | $A$005$ /VO_y ^7,]6;2qxggBLmJzhA0Qylu5 /AHuRScZ/ykKedgZKh/6krOIzPs2        |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+

若是仍是用Mysql5.7及以前版本的直接受权的方法, 会有报错:session

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mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to  'shibo' @ '%'  identified by  '123456' ;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error  in  your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version  for  the right syntax to use near  'identified by ' 123456 ''  at line 1

2)  Mysql8.0默认是不能使用root帐号进行远程登陆的! root帐号只能本地登陆!socket

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mysql>  select  host,user,authentication_string from mysql.user;
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| host      | user             | authentication_string                                                  |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| %         | bobo             | $A$005$1VY")q?G6<^X@-6LsXrPt5C0TwlTuvHbaOa3sYF0DKViIGoRPuCF8AzwiFcim1 |
| %         | kevin            | $A$005$hy`U}ZB #R::rA8W0y2rmwgySqzv0rmR1eTeNDSaXfQPWIsrh7ytbVdi85 |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.session    | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.sys        | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | root             | $A$005$ /VO_y ^7,]6;2qxggBLmJzhA0Qylu5 /AHuRScZ/ykKedgZKh/6krOIzPs2  |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
6 rows  in  set  (0.00 sec)
 
若是想要远程登陆, 则须要进行update更新下root帐号的权限
mysql> update mysql.user  set  host= '%'  where user= "root" ;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.10 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0
 
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)
 
mysql>  select  host,user,authentication_string from mysql.user;
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| host      | user             | authentication_string                                                  |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| %         | bobo             | $A$005$1VY")q?G6<^X@-6LsXrPt5C0TwlTuvHbaOa3sYF0DKViIGoRPuCF8AzwiFcim1  |
| %         | kevin            | $A$005$hy`U}ZB #R::rA8W0y2rmwgySqzv0rmR1eTeNDSaXfQPWIsrh7ytbVdi85       |
| %         | root             | $A$005$ /VO_y ^7,]6;2qxggBLmJzhA0Qylu5 /AHuRScZ/ykKedgZKh/6krOIzPs2        |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.session    | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.sys        | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
6 rows  in  set  (0.00 sec)

这样就能在远程使用root帐号登陆该mysql8.0的数据库了

3) 修改root帐号权限, 容许root帐号远程登陆后, 用navicat进行mysql的远程链接时，出现了弹窗报错： 

 

出现这个缘由是mysql8 以前的版本中加密规则是mysql_native_password, 而在mysql8以后,加密规则是caching_sha2_password, 解决问题方法有两种:
1) 一种是升级navicat驱动;
2) 一种是把mysql用户登陆密码加密规则还原成mysql_native_password;

这里选择第二种方法来解决:

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#修改加密规则
mysql> ALTER USER  'root' @ '%'  IDENTIFIED BY  '123456'  PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;       
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.16 sec)
 
#更新一下用户的密码
mysql> ALTER USER  'root' @ '%'  IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY  '123456' ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
 
#刷新权限
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

这样问题就解决了。

4) sqlyog连接时出现2058异常

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1) 使用sqlyog连接时会出现2058的异常，此时咱们须要修改mysql，命令行登陆mysql（与修改密码中登陆相同，使用修改后的密码），而后执行下面的命令：
    mysql > ALTER USER  'root' @ 'localhost'  IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY  'password' ;
    其中password为本身修改的密码。而后SQLyog中从新链接，则可链接成功，OK。
 
2) 若是报错：ERROR 1396 (HY000): Operation ALTER USER failed  for  'root' @ 'localhost' 则使用下面命令：
    mysql > ALTER USER  'root' @ '%'  IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY  'password' ;

5) 修改默认编码方式

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mysql8.0默认编码方式为utf8mb4，所以使用时不须要修改，可以使用以下命令查看：
mysql > SHOW VARIABLES WHERE Variable_name LIKE  'character_set_%'  OR Variable_name LIKE  'collation%' ;
 
若是须要修改其余编码方式，好比须要修改成utf8mb4，可使用以下方式：
修改mysql配置文件my.cnf, 找到后请在如下三部分里添加以下内容：
[client]
default-character- set  = utf8mb4
[mysql]
default-character- set  = utf8mb4
[mysqld]
character- set -client-handshake = FALSE
character- set -server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci
init_connect= 'SET NAMES utf8mb4'
 
而后重启mysqld服务便可, 其中:
character_set_client  (客户端来源数据使用的字符集)
character_set_connection     (链接层字符集)
character_set_database   (当前选中数据库的默认字符集)
character_set_results (查询结果字符集)
character_set_server (默认的内部操做字符集)
 
========================================
数据库链接参数中:
characterEncoding=utf8 会被自动识别为utf8mb4，也能够不加这个参数，会自动检测。
而autoReconnect= true  是必须加上的。

6) 部分参数配置查询命令

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#查询mysql最大链接数设置
mysql> show global variables like  'max_conn%' ;
mysql> SELECT @@MAX_CONNECTIONS AS  'Max Connections' ;
 
# 查看最大连接数
mysql> show global status like  'Max_used_connections' ;
 
# 查看慢查询日志是否开启以及日志位置
mysql> show variables like  'slow_query%' ;
 
# 查看慢查询日志超时记录时间
mysql> show variables like  'long_query_time' ;
 
# 查看连接建立以及如今正在连接数
mysql> show status like  'Threads%' ;
 
# 查看数据库当前连接
mysql> show processlist;
 
# 查看数据库配置
mysql> show variables like  '%quer%' ; 
***************当你发现本身的才华撑不起野心时，就请安静下来学习吧***************
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