数据存储之非关系型数据库存储----MongoDB存储(Python操做)

MongoDB存储----文档型数据库

  • 利用pymongo链接MongoDB

    import pymongo client = pymongo.MongoClient(host='localhost', port=27017) # 或 pymongo.MongoClient('mongodb://localhost:23017/') # 默认端口为:27017
    View Code
    # pymongo.MongoClient()方法
  • 指定数据库

    # 指定操做test数据库
    # db = client.test 或 db = client['test']

  • 指定集合

    # 指定一个集合要操做的集合students
    # collection = db.students 或 collection = db['students']

  • 插入数据

    import pymongo # 链接MongoDB
    client = pymongo.MongoClient(host='localhost', port=27017) # 指定数据库
    db = client.test # 指定集合
    collection = db.students # 数据
    student = { 'id': '20180001', 'name': 'Jordan', 'age': 20, 'gender': 'male' } # 利用insert_one()方法插入一条数据
    result = collection.insert_one(student) print(result) # 运行输出:<pymongo.results.InsertOneResult object at 0x11089b448> # 在MongoDB中,每条数据其实都有一个_id属性来惟一标识。若是没有显式指明该属性,MongoDB会自动产生一个ObjectId类型的_id属性。 # 使用 insert_one()和 insert_many()方法来分别插入单条记录和多条记录
    插入单条数据
    import pymongo client = pymongo.MongoClient(host='localhost', port=27017) db = client.test collection = db.students student1 = { 'id': '20180002', 'name': 'Lee Hua', 'age': 20, 'gender': 'male' } student2 = { 'id': '20180003', 'name': 'Mike', 'age': 21, 'gender': 'male' } result = collection.insert_many([student1, student2]) print(result) print(result.inserted_ids) # 调用inserted_ids属性能够获取数据的_id列表
    
    
    # 运行输出:
    <pymongo.results.InsertManyResult object at 0x110826d88> [ObjectId('5d28b293e834575faf929428'), ObjectId('5d28b293e834575faf929429')]
    插入多条数据
    # insert_one()方法 和 insert_many()方法

  • 查询

    import pymongo client = pymongo.MongoClient(host='localhost', port=27017) db = client.test collection = db.students result = collection.find_one({'name': 'Lee Hua'}) print(result) # 输出:
    {'_id': ObjectId('5d28b293e834575faf929428'), 'id': '20180002', 'name': 'Lee Hua', 'age': 20, 'gender': 'male'}
    查询单条数据
    import pymongo client = pymongo.MongoClient(host='localhost', port=27017) db = client.test collection = db.students result = collection.find() print(result) for r in result: print(r) # find()方法返回一个迭代器,用for循环逐条输出 # 输出结果:
    <pymongo.cursor.Cursor object at 0x10e0f7320> {'_id': ObjectId('5d28ae0360105a198d9d501a'), 'id': '20180001', 'name': 'Jordan', 'age': 20, 'gender': 'male'} {'_id': ObjectId('5d28ae2d8b3d004feb604874'), 'id': '20180001', 'name': 'Jordan', 'age': 20, 'gender': 'male'} {'_id': ObjectId('5d28b293e834575faf929428'), 'id': '20180002', 'name': 'Lee Hua', 'age': 20, 'gender': 'male'} {'_id': ObjectId('5d28b293e834575faf929429'), 'id': '20180003', 'name': 'Mike', 'age': 21, 'gender': 'male'}
    查询多条数据
    # find_one()方法 和 find()方法

    能够在这两个方法里面添加条件,如:html

    find(
    {
    'name': {'$regex': '^M.*'}
    }
    )
    这里查找的是以'M'开头的名字的那些数据,
    $regex指定的是正则表达式,
    ^M.*是一条正则表达式
    更多功能符号(如$regex)、数值比较符号的查看MongoDB官方文档:https://docs.mongodb.com/?searchProperty=manual

  • 计数

    import pymongo client = pymongo.MongoClient(host='localhost', port=27017) db = client.test collection = db.students count = collection.count_documents( { 'id': {'$regex': '^(2018)'} } ) print(count) # 输出id为2018开头的数据的条数
    View Code
    # collection.count_documents({条件}) 方法
  • 排序

     1 import pymongo  2 
     3 client = pymongo.MongoClient(host='localhost', port=27017)  4 db = client.test  5 collection = db.students  6 
     7 result = collection.find().sort('id', pymongo.ASCENDING)  8 for r in result:  9     print(r) 10 
    11 
    12 # 以id升序输出全部的数据:
    13 {'_id': ObjectId('5d28ae0360105a198d9d501a'), 'id': '20180001', 'name': 'Jordan', 'age': 20, 'gender': 'male'} 14 {'_id': ObjectId('5d28ae2d8b3d004feb604874'), 'id': '20180001', 'name': 'Jordan', 'age': 20, 'gender': 'male'} 15 {'_id': ObjectId('5d28b293e834575faf929428'), 'id': '20180002', 'name': 'Lee Hua', 'age': 20, 'gender': 'male'} 16 {'_id': ObjectId('5d28b293e834575faf929429'), 'id': '20180003', 'name': 'Mike', 'age': 21, 'gender': 'male'} 17 
    18 
    19 # sort()方法进行排序
    20 # pymongo.ASCENDING指定升序
    21 # pymongo.DESCENDING指定降序
    View Code
    # sort()方法

  • 偏移

    import pymongo client = pymongo.MongoClient(host='localhost', port=27017) db = client.test collection = db.students results = collection.find().sort('id', pymongo.DESCENDING).skip(1) print( [ result['id'] for result in results ] ) # 输出:
    ['20180002', '20180001', '20180001'] # skip(1)表示偏移1,即忽略前面一个元素
    skip()方法
    import pymongo client = pymongo.MongoClient(host='localhost', port=27017) db = client.test collection = db.students results = collection.find().sort('id', pymongo.DESCENDING).skip(1).limit(2) print( [ result['id'] for result in results ] ) # 输出:
    ['20180002', '20180001'] # limit(2) 即表示限制输出的数据条数为两条
    limit()方法
    # 数据量很大时,不使用大的偏移量来查询数据
  • 更新

    import pymongo client = pymongo.MongoClient(host='localhost', port=27017) db = client['test'] collection = db['students'] # 查询条件:age >= 20
    query_condition = { 'age': {'$gte': 20} } # 更新条件:数据的age加1
    update_condition = { '$inc': {'age': 1} } result = collection.update_one(query_condition, update_condition) print(result) print(result.matched_count, result.modified_count) # 输出:
    <pymongo.results.UpdateResult object at 0x110a11c88>
    1 1
    
    
    # 返回的结果是UpdateResul类型的 # 调用matched_count属性,得到匹配数据的条数 # 调用modified_count属性,得到影响数据的条数 # $gte : 大于等于 # $inc : 将字段递增指定的值 # updata_one()更新与筛选器匹配的单个文档
    update_one()方法
    import pymongo client = pymongo.MongoClient(host='localhost', port=27017) db = client['test'] collection = db['students'] query_condition = { 'age': {'$gte': 20} } update_condition = { '$inc': {'age': 1} } result = collection.update_many(query_condition, update_condition) print(result) print(result.matched_count, result.modified_count) # 输出:
    <pymongo.results.UpdateResult object at 0x111c84448>
    4 4
    update_many()方法
    # update_one()方法 和 update_many()方法
  • 删除

    import pymongo client = pymongo.MongoClient(host='localhost', port=27017) db = client['test'] collection = db['students'] result = collection.delete_one({'age': 21}) print(result.deleted_count) # delete_one()方法:删除第一条符合条件的数据 # delete_count属性:获取删除数据的条数
    delete_one()方法
    import pymongo client = pymongo.MongoClient(host='localhost', port=27017) db = client['test'] collection = db['students'] result = collection.delete_many({'age': 21}) print(result.deleted_count) # delete_many()方法:删除全部符合条件的数据
    delete_many()方法

     

  • PyMongo的详细用法:http://api.mongodb.com/python/current/api/pymongo/collection.html

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