7五、分发系统|expect脚本远程登陆和执行命令、传递参数

一、分发系统介绍：expect,也就是一个分发脚本：

场景：业务会愈来愈大,网站app,后端,服务端所使用的编程语言为php,要想运行这个环境,就须要配置LAMP或者LNMP,最后还须要把代码上传到服务器上去,业务不断的增长,一两台机器还好好说,要是几十台,上百台设备,这时候就须要用到了分发系统了,把天天更新的代码发布到每一台机器上去：

      expect是一种脚本语言,经过它能够实现传输,上线代码,能够实现远程执行命令,不须要输入密码：

首先准备一台模板机器(最新的代码待上线),而后给下面分发代码的多台台机器上线,机器的IP,对应用户的密码,然经过expect,借助rsync来上传代码,能够用expect去登陆执行某些命令：

1:expect脚本安装：

yum   install   -y    expect     （安装包和mkpasswd是一块儿的）

示例1：自动远程登陆,并执行一些命令：

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# vim 1.expect  
#! /usr/bin/expect
set host "192.168.149.129"
set passwd "nihao123!"
set port "-p 56888"
spawn ssh $port root@$host
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue}  
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
##expect eof  表示登陆远程机器后,暂停一两秒钟后退出：
interact  
#脚本结束

注释：在expect中定义变量须要set  host才能够：

注释：在文件里 expect  { }这里是保证登陆信息,第一次登陆时候,则须要yes记录登陆信息,下一次则不须要了,须要清空 >/root/.ssh/known_hosts才能够:

exp_continue表示继续/r换行,  interact表示继续停留在这台机器不退出：若是不加的话则登陆后立刻退出：

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ssh -p 56888 192.168.149.129 
root@192.168.149.129's password: 
#由于咱们之前登陆过,全部不询问为了安全性,是否须要还继续连接：
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# > /root/.ssh/
authorized_keys         authorized_keys_xshell  id_rsa.pub              
authorized_keys.bakup   id_rsa                  known_hosts             
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# > /root/.ssh/known_hosts     #清空这个文件里面的信息：
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ssh -p 56888 192.168.149.129      #再次登陆时则会询问：
The authenticity of host '[192.168.149.129]:56888 ([192.168.149.129]:56888)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:mtOEV1y+2ErXFWqQRL0rYCQGGuVE7z4n1is+2dPQc7E.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:d9:f7:03:de:c4:f5:40:89:be:3c:25:6d:70:6a:49:a5.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

加入执行权限后成功登陆：        chmod  a+x  1.expect

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ./1.expect
-bash: ./1.expect: 权限不够
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# chmod a+x 1.expect 
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ./1.expect 
spawn ssh -p 56888 root@192.168.149.129
The authenticity of host '[192.168.149.129]:56888 ([192.168.149.129]:56888)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:mtOEV1y+2ErXFWqQRL0rYCQGGuVE7z4n1is+2dPQc7E.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:d9:f7:03:de:c4:f5:40:89:be:3c:25:6d:70:6a:49:a5.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '[192.168.149.129]:56888' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.149.129's password: 
Last login: Thu Oct  4 00:33:35 2018 from 192.168.149.135
[root@localhost_02 ~]#

2:expect远程执行命令：

远程执行完命令,并退出：

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# vim 2.expect  
#!/usr/bin/expect
set user "root"
set passwd "nihao123!"
set port "-p 56888"
spawn ssh $port  $user@192.168.180.135

expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect "]*"
send "touch /tmp/12.txt\r"
expect "]*"
send "echo 1212 > /tmp/12.txt\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"

注释：expect  "]*"  星号表示通配,匹配右边的全部字符(无论是root用户普通用户)：

注释：send 表示执行这个命令：

3:须要加执行权限并执行这个命令：

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# chmod a+x 2.expect 
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ll 2.expect 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 307 10月  4 16:09 2.expect
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ./2.expect 
spawn ssh -p 56888 root@192.168.149.129
root@192.168.149.129's password: 
Last login: Thu Oct  4 06:00:22 2018 from 192.168.149.130
[root@localhost_02 ~]# touch /tmp/12.txt
[root@localhost_02 ~]# echo 1212 > /tmp/12.txt

而后在129这台机器上查看是否建立成功：

[root@localhost_02 ~]# ls /tmp/12.txt 
/tmp/12.txt
[root@localhost_02 ~]# cat  /tmp/12.txt 
1212

四、expect脚本传递参数：

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# vim 3.expect 
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# cat 3.expect 
#!/usr/bin/expect
set port [lindex $argv 0]   
#第一个参数,若是端口仍是默认的22,则不须要定义次参数,依次往下定义便可：
set user [lindex $argv 1] 
#第二个参数
set host [lindex $argv 2]   
#第三个参数
set passwd "nihao123!"
set cm [lindex $argv 3]   
#第四参数
spawn ssh -p $port $user@$host
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect "]*"
send "$cm\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"

1:增长执行权限：     chmod    +x     3.expect

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# chmod a+x 3.expect 
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ll 3.expect 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 369 10月  4 16:37 3.expect

2:执行此脚本：   

  ./3.expect     第一个参数(port)              第二个参数(user)      第三个参数(host)      第四个参数(command)

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ./3.expect 56888 root 192.168.149.129 ls
spawn ssh -p 56888 root@192.168.149.129
root@192.168.149.129's password: 
Last login: Thu Oct  4 06:24:37 2018 from 192.168.149.130
[root@localhost_02 ~]# ls
1  anaconda-ks.cfg  bash  CentOS7-Base-163.repo  link  shell  test  test.txt

 一样,也支持多条参数：  多条命令最后用双引号括住,而后用分号分割则能够：

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ./3.expect 56888 root 192.168.149.129 "ls;w"
spawn ssh -p 56888 root@192.168.149.129
root@192.168.149.129's password: 
Last login: Thu Oct  4 06:32:46 2018 from 192.168.149.130
[root@localhost_02 ~]# ls;w
1  anaconda-ks.cfg  bash  CentOS7-Base-163.repo  link  shell  test  test.txt
 06:32:57 up 19:42,  2 users,  load average: 0.42, 0.23, 0.16
USER     TTY      FROM             LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
root     pts/0    192.168.149.130  06:32    1.00s  0.02s  0.01s w
root     pts/1    192.168.149.135  00:33   26:57   0.03s  0.03s -bash

注释：若是是执行多条命令的话,也能够传递多个参数,若是要是把多个命令当成一个参数来传递的话,则须要用双引号引发来,而且用分号分割才能够：

一样：当咱们传递第四个参数时:  vmstat模式超时时间是10秒：

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ./3.expect 56888 root 192.168.149.129 "w;vmstat 1"
spawn ssh -p 56888 root@192.168.149.129
root@192.168.149.129's password: 
Last failed login: Thu Oct  4 06:56:10 CST 2018 from 192.168.149.130 on ssh:notty
There were 2 failed login attempts since the last successful login.
Last login: Thu Oct  4 06:37:26 2018 from 192.168.149.130
[root@localhost_02 ~]# w;vmstat 1
 07:07:33 up 20:17,  2 users,  load average: 0.01, 0.19, 0.20
USER     TTY      FROM             LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
root     pts/0    192.168.149.130  07:07    0.00s  0.03s  0.03s w
root     pts/1    192.168.149.135  00:33    1:01m  0.03s  0.03s -bash
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ------cpu-----
 r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa st
 3  0      0 1026092   2076 240768    0    0     3    42   61  101  0  0 99  1  0
 0  0      0 1026108   2076 240820    0    0     0     0   37   78  0  1 99  0  0
 0  0      0 1026108   2076 240820    0    0     0     0   42   84  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0 1026108   2076 240820    0    0     0     0   42   82  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0 1026108   2076 240820    0    0     0    10   54   90  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0 1026108   2076 240820    0    0     0     0   37   78  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0 1026108   2076 240820    0    0     0   103   43  104  0  1 99  0  0
 0  0      0 1026108   2076 240820    0    0     0     0   45   86  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0 1026108   2076 240820    0    0     0     0   37   74  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0 1026108   2076 240820    0    0     0     0   34   72  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0 1026108   2076 240820    0    0     0     0   33   70  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0 1026108   2076 240820    0    0     0     0   35   80  0  0 100  0  0
十秒后自动超时：

注释：也能够设置永不超时：  须要在执行命令(也就是第四个参数)后面添加    set   timeout  -1

expect "]*"
send "$cm\r"
#set timeout -1             #表示永不超时：
#set timeout  5             #也能够手动指定具体的秒数:  本次5ms：  
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"