Java 内省(Introspector)深刻理解java
一些概念:apache
内省(Introspector) 是Java 语言对 JavaBean 类属性、事件的一种缺省处理方法。工具
JavaBean是一种特殊的类,主要用于传递数据信息,这种类中的方法主要用于访问私有的字段,且方法名符合某种命名规则。若是在两个模块之间传递信息,能够将信息封装进JavaBean中,这种对象称为“值对象”(Value Object),或“VO”。方法比较少。这些信息储存在类的私有变量中,经过set()、get()得到。测试
例如类UserInfo :this
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package
com.peidasoft.Introspector;
public
class
UserInfo {
private
long
userId;
private
String userName;
private
int
age;
private
String emailAddress;
public
long
getUserId() {
return
userId;
}
public
void
setUserId(
long
userId) {
this
.userId = userId;
}
public
String getUserName() {
return
userName;
}
public
void
setUserName(String userName) {
this
.userName = userName;
}
public
int
getAge() {
return
age;
}
public
void
setAge(
int
age) {
this
.age = age;
}
public
String getEmailAddress() {
return
emailAddress;
}
public
void
setEmailAddress(String emailAddress) {
this
.emailAddress = emailAddress;
}
}
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在类UserInfo中有属性 userName, 那咱们能够经过 getUserName,setUserName来获得其值或者设置新的值。经过 getUserName/setUserName来访问 userName属性,这就是默认的规则。 Java JDK中提供了一套 API 用来访问某个属性的 getter/setter 方法,这就是内省。spa
JDK内省类库:.net
PropertyDescriptor类:code
PropertyDescriptor类表示JavaBean类经过存储器导出一个属性。主要方法:orm
1. getPropertyType(),得到属性的Class对象;
2. getReadMethod(),得到用于读取属性值的方法;getWriteMethod(),得到用于写入属性值的方法;
3. hashCode(),获取对象的哈希值;
4. setReadMethod(Method readMethod),设置用于读取属性值的方法;
5. setWriteMethod(Method writeMethod),设置用于写入属性值的方法。htm
实例代码以下:
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package
com.peidasoft.Introspector;
import
java.beans.BeanInfo;
import
java.beans.Introspector;
import
java.beans.PropertyDescriptor;
import
java.lang.reflect.Method;
public
class
BeanInfoUtil {
public
static
void
setProperty(UserInfo userInfo,String userName)
throws
Exception{
PropertyDescriptor propDesc=
new
PropertyDescriptor(userName,UserInfo.
class
);
Method methodSetUserName=propDesc.getWriteMethod();
methodSetUserName.invoke(userInfo,
"wong"
);
System.out.println(
"set userName:"
+userInfo.getUserName());
}
public
static
void
getProperty(UserInfo userInfo,String userName)
throws
Exception{
PropertyDescriptor proDescriptor =
new
PropertyDescriptor(userName,UserInfo.
class
);
Method methodGetUserName=proDescriptor.getReadMethod();
Object objUserName=methodGetUserName.invoke(userInfo);
System.out.println(
"get userName:"
+objUserName.toString());
}
}
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Introspector类:
将JavaBean中的属性封装起来进行操做。在程序把一个类当作JavaBean来看,就是调用Introspector.getBeanInfo()方法,获得的BeanInfo对象封装了把这个类当作JavaBean看的结果信息,即属性的信息。
getPropertyDescriptors(),得到属性的描述,能够采用遍历BeanInfo的方法,来查找、设置类的属性。具体代码以下:
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package
com.peidasoft.Introspector;
import
java.beans.BeanInfo;
import
java.beans.Introspector;
import
java.beans.PropertyDescriptor;
import
java.lang.reflect.Method;
public
class
BeanInfoUtil {
public
static
void
setPropertyByIntrospector(UserInfo userInfo,String userName)
throws
Exception{
BeanInfo beanInfo=Introspector.getBeanInfo(UserInfo.
class
);
PropertyDescriptor[] proDescrtptors=beanInfo.getPropertyDescriptors();
if
(proDescrtptors!=
null
&&proDescrtptors.length>
0
){
for
(PropertyDescriptor propDesc:proDescrtptors){
if
(propDesc.getName().equals(userName)){
Method methodSetUserName=propDesc.getWriteMethod();
methodSetUserName.invoke(userInfo,
"alan"
);
System.out.println(
"set userName:"
+userInfo.getUserName());
break
;
}
}
}
}
public
static
void
getPropertyByIntrospector(UserInfo userInfo,String userName)
throws
Exception{
BeanInfo beanInfo=Introspector.getBeanInfo(UserInfo.
class
);
PropertyDescriptor[] proDescrtptors=beanInfo.getPropertyDescriptors();
if
(proDescrtptors!=
null
&&proDescrtptors.length>
0
){
for
(PropertyDescriptor propDesc:proDescrtptors){
if
(propDesc.getName().equals(userName)){
Method methodGetUserName=propDesc.getReadMethod();
Object objUserName=methodGetUserName.invoke(userInfo);
System.out.println(
"get userName:"
+objUserName.toString());
break
;
}
}
}
}
}
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经过这两个类的比较能够看出,都是须要得到PropertyDescriptor,只是方式不同:前者经过建立对象直接得到,后者须要遍历,因此使用PropertyDescriptor类更加方便。
使用实例:
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package
com.peidasoft.Introspector;
public
class
BeanInfoTest {
/**
* @param args
*/
public
static
void
main(String[] args) {
UserInfo userInfo=
new
UserInfo();
userInfo.setUserName(
"peida"
);
try
{
BeanInfoUtil.getProperty(userInfo,
"userName"
);
BeanInfoUtil.setProperty(userInfo,
"userName"
);
BeanInfoUtil.getProperty(userInfo,
"userName"
);
BeanInfoUtil.setPropertyByIntrospector(userInfo,
"userName"
);
BeanInfoUtil.getPropertyByIntrospector(userInfo,
"userName"
);
BeanInfoUtil.setProperty(userInfo,
"age"
);
}
catch
(Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
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输出:
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get userName:peida
set userName:wong
get userName:wong
set userName:alan
get userName:alan
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: argument type mismatch
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:
39
)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:
25
)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:
597
)
at com.peidasoft.Introspector.BeanInfoUtil.setProperty(BeanInfoUtil.java:
14
)
at com.peidasoft.Introspector.BeanInfoTest.main(BeanInfoTest.java:
22
)
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说明:BeanInfoUtil.setProperty(userInfo, "age");报错是应为age属性是int数据类型,而setProperty方法里面默认给age属性赋的值是String类型。因此会爆出argument type mismatch参数类型不匹配的错误信息。
BeanUtils工具包:
由上述可看出,内省操做很是的繁琐,因此因此Apache开发了一套简单、易用的API来操做Bean的属性——BeanUtils工具包。
BeanUtils工具包:下载:http://commons.apache.org/beanutils/ 注意:应用的时候还须要一个logging包 http://commons.apache.org/logging/
使用BeanUtils工具包完成上面的测试代码:
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package
com.peidasoft.Beanutil;
import
java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import
org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
import
org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtils;
import
com.peidasoft.Introspector.UserInfo;
public
class
BeanUtilTest {
public
static
void
main(String[] args) {
UserInfo userInfo=
new
UserInfo();
try
{
BeanUtils.setProperty(userInfo,
"userName"
,
"peida"
);
System.out.println(
"set userName:"
+userInfo.getUserName());
System.out.println(
"get userName:"
+BeanUtils.getProperty(userInfo,
"userName"
));
BeanUtils.setProperty(userInfo,
"age"
,
18
);
System.out.println(
"set age:"
+userInfo.getAge());
System.out.println(
"get age:"
+BeanUtils.getProperty(userInfo,
"age"
));
System.out.println(
"get userName type:"
+BeanUtils.getProperty(userInfo,
"userName"
).getClass().getName());
System.out.println(
"get age type:"
+BeanUtils.getProperty(userInfo,
"age"
).getClass().getName());
PropertyUtils.setProperty(userInfo,
"age"
,
8
);
System.out.println(PropertyUtils.getProperty(userInfo,
"age"
));
System.out.println(PropertyUtils.getProperty(userInfo,
"age"
).getClass().getName());
PropertyUtils.setProperty(userInfo,
"age"
,
"8"
);
}
catch
(IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch
(InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch
(NoSuchMethodException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
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运行结果:
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set userName:peida
get userName:peida
set age:
18
get age:
18
get userName type:java.lang.String
get age type:java.lang.String
8
java.lang.Integer
Exception in thread
"main"
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Cannot invoke com.peidasoft.Introspector.UserInfo.setAge
on bean
class
'class com.peidasoft.Introspector.UserInfo'
- argument type mismatch - had objects of type
"java.lang.String"
but expected signature
"int"
at org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtilsBean.invokeMethod(PropertyUtilsBean.java:
2235
)
at org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtilsBean.setSimpleProperty(PropertyUtilsBean.java:
2151
)
at org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtilsBean.setNestedProperty(PropertyUtilsBean.java:
1957
)
at org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtilsBean.setProperty(PropertyUtilsBean.java:
2064
)
at org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtils.setProperty(PropertyUtils.java:
858
)
at com.peidasoft.orm.Beanutil.BeanUtilTest.main(BeanUtilTest.java:
38
)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: argument type mismatch
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:
39
)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:
25
)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:
597
)
at org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtilsBean.invokeMethod(PropertyUtilsBean.java:
2170
)
...
5
more
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说明:
1.得到属性的值,例如,BeanUtils.getProperty(userInfo,"userName"),返回字符串
2.设置属性的值,例如,BeanUtils.setProperty(userInfo,"age",8),参数是字符串或基本类型自动包装。设置属性的值是字符串,得到的值也是字符串,不是基本类型。 3.BeanUtils的特色:
1). 对基本数据类型的属性的操做:在WEB开发、使用中,录入和显示时,值会被转换成字符串,但底层运算用的是基本类型,这些类型转到动做由BeanUtils自动完成。
2). 对引用数据类型的属性的操做:首先在类中必须有对象,不能是null,例如,private Date birthday=new Date();。操做的是对象的属性而不是整个对象,例如,BeanUtils.setProperty(userInfo,"birthday.time",111111);
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package
com.peidasoft.Introspector;
import
java.util.Date;
public
class
UserInfo {
private
Date birthday =
new
Date();
public
void
setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this
.birthday = birthday;
}
public
Date getBirthday() {
return
birthday;
}
}
|
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package
com.peidasoft.Beanutil;
import
java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import
org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
import
com.peidasoft.Introspector.UserInfo;
public
class
BeanUtilTest {
public
static
void
main(String[] args) {
UserInfo userInfo=
new
UserInfo();
try
{
BeanUtils.setProperty(userInfo,
"birthday.time"
,
"111111"
);
Object obj = BeanUtils.getProperty(userInfo,
"birthday.time"
);
System.out.println(obj);
}
catch
(IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch
(InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch
(NoSuchMethodException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
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3.PropertyUtils类和BeanUtils不一样在于,运行getProperty、setProperty操做时,没有类型转换,使用属性的原有类型或者包装类。因为age属性的数据类型是int,因此方法PropertyUtils.setProperty(userInfo, "age", "8")会爆出数据类型不匹配,没法将值赋给属性。