1、基于贝叶斯决策理论的分类方法
- 优势:在数据较少的状况下仍然有效,能够处理多类别问题。
- 缺点:对于输入数据的准备方式较为敏感。
- 适用数据类型:标称型数据。
贝叶斯决策理论的核心思想:即选择具备最高几率的决策。html
2、条件几率
条件几率:P(A|B) = P(AB)/P(B)python
贝叶斯准则:p(c|x) = p(x|c)p(c) / p(x)ios
3、使用朴素贝叶斯进行文档分类
朴素贝叶斯的通常过程:算法
- 收集数据:可使用任何方法。
- 准备数据:须要数值型或者布尔型数据。
- 分析数据:有大量特征时,绘制特征做用不大,此时使用直方图效果更好。
- 训练算法:计算不一样的独立特征的条件几率。
- 测试算法:计算错误率。
- 使用算法:一个常见的朴素贝叶斯应用是文档分类。能够在任意的分类场景中使用朴素贝叶斯分类器,不必定非要是文本。
4、使用Python进行文本分类
4.1 准备数据:从文本中构建词向量
词表到向量的转换函数windows
朴素贝叶斯分类器一般有两种实现方式:一种基于贝努利模型实现,一种基于多项式模型实现。 这里采用前一种实现方式。该实现方式中并不考虑词在文档中出现的次数,只考虑出不出现,所以在这个意义上至关于假设词是等权重的。app
# 建立实验样本 def loadDataSet(): postingList = [['my', 'dog', 'has', 'flea', \ 'problems', 'help', 'please'], ['maybe', 'not', 'take', 'him', \ 'to', 'dog', 'park', 'stupid'], ['my', 'dalmation', 'is', 'so', 'cute', \ 'I', 'love', 'him'], ['stop', 'posting', 'stupid', 'worthless', 'garbage'], ['mr', 'licks', 'ate', 'my', 'steak', 'how', \ 'to', 'stop', 'him'], ['quit', 'buying', 'worthless', 'dog', 'food', 'stupid']] classVec = [0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1] # 1 表明侮辱性文字,0 表明正常言论 # postingList:进行词条切分后的文档集合,这些文档来自斑点犬爱好者留言板 # classVec:类别标签。文本类别由人工标注 return postingList, classVec # 建立一个包含在全部文档中出现的不重复词的列表 def createVocabList(dataSet): vocabSet = set([]) # 建立一个空集 for document in dataSet: vocabSet = vocabSet | set(document) # 建立两个集合的并集 return list(vocabSet) def setOfWords2Vec(vocabList, inputSet): returnVec = [0] * len(vocabList) # 建立一个其中所含元素都为0的向量,与词汇表等长 for word in inputSet: if word in vocabList: returnVec[vocabList.index(word)] = 1 else: print("the word: %s is not in my Vocabulary!" % word) return returnVec
listOPosts, listClasses = loadDataSet() myVocabList = createVocabList(listOPosts) print(myVocabList)
['cute', 'quit', 'maybe', 'food', 'not', 'garbage', 'help', 'him', 'has', 'problems', 'I', 'posting', 'so', 'buying', 'park', 'dalmation', 'ate', 'mr', 'licks', 'take', 'please', 'dog', 'love', 'stop', 'how', 'steak', 'is', 'stupid', 'worthless', 'to', 'flea', 'my']
print(setOfWords2Vec(myVocabList, listOPosts[0]))
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1]
4.2 训练算法:从词向量计算几率
重写贝叶斯准则,其中,粗体w表示这是一个向量,即它由多个数值组成,数值个数与词汇表中的词个数相同。less
p(ci|w) = p(w|ci)p(ci) / p(w)dom
使用上述公式,对每一个类计算该值,而后比较这两个几率值的大小。electron
p(ci) = 类别i(侮辱性或非侮辱性留言)中文档数 / 总文档数ionic
接着计算p(w|ci),用到朴素贝叶斯假设。 若是将w展开为一个个独立特征,那么就能够将上述几率写做p(w0, w1,..wN|ci)。 这里假设全部词都相互独立,该假设也称做条件独立性假设,它意味着可使用p(w0|ci)p(w1|ci)..p(wN|ci)来计算上述几率
伪代码以下:
计算每一个类别中的文档数目 对每篇训练文档: 对每一个类别: 若是词条出现文档中➡️增长该词条的计数值 增长全部词条的计数值 对每一个类别: 对每一个词条: 将该词条的数目除以总词条数目获得条件几率 返回每一个类别的条件几率
朴素贝叶斯分类器训练函数
from numpy import * # trainMatrix:文档矩阵 # trainCategory:由每篇文档类别标签所构成的向量 def trainNB0(trainMatrix, trainCategory): numTrainDocs = len(trainMatrix) # 文档总数 numWords = len(trainMatrix[0]) # 词汇表长度 # 计算文档属于侮辱性文档(class=1)的几率 pAbusive = sum(trainCategory) / float(numTrainDocs) # 初始化几率 p0Num = zeros(numWords); p1Num = zeros(numWords) p0Denom = 0.0; p1Denom = 0.0 for i in range(numTrainDocs): if trainCategory[i] == 1: # 向量相加 p1Num += trainMatrix[i] # 全部侮辱性文档中每一个词向量出现个数 p1Denom += sum(trainMatrix[i]) # 侮辱性文档总词数 else: p0Num += trainMatrix[i] p0Denom += sum(trainMatrix[i]) # 对每一个元素作除法 p1Vect = p1Num / p1Denom # change to log() p0Vect = p0Num / p0Denom return p0Vect, p1Vect, pAbusive
trainMat = [] # 文档向量矩阵 for postinDoc in listOPosts: trainMat.append(setOfWords2Vec(myVocabList, postinDoc)) p0V, p1V, pAb = trainNB0(trainMat, listClasses) print(pAb)
0.5
print(p0V)
[0.04166667 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.04166667 0.08333333 0.04166667 0.04166667 0.04166667 0. 0.04166667 0. 0. 0.04166667 0.04166667 0.04166667 0.04166667 0. 0.04166667 0.04166667 0.04166667 0.04166667 0.04166667 0.04166667 0.04166667 0. 0. 0.04166667 0.04166667 0.125 ]
4.3 测试算法:根据现实状况修改分类器
利用贝叶斯分类器对文档进行分类时,要计算多个几率的乘积以得到文档属于某个类别的几率,即计算p(w0|1)p(w1|1)..p(wN|1)。若是其中一个几率值为0,那么最后的乘积也为0.为下降这种影响,可将全部词的出现数初始化为1,并将分母初始化为2。
另外一个问题是下溢出,这是因为太多很小的数相乘形成的。一种解决办法是对乘积去天然对数,在代数中有ln(a*b)=ln(a)+ln(b)。能够避免下溢出或者浮点数舍入致使的错误,也不会有任何损失。
def trainNB1(trainMatrix, trainCategory): numTrainDocs = len(trainMatrix) # 文档总数 numWords = len(trainMatrix[0]) # 词汇表长度 # 计算文档属于侮辱性文档(class=1)的几率 pAbusive = sum(trainCategory) / float(numTrainDocs) # 初始化几率 p0Num = ones(numWords); p1Num = ones(numWords) p0Denom = 2.0; p1Denom = 2.0 for i in range(numTrainDocs): if trainCategory[i] == 1: # 向量相加 p1Num += trainMatrix[i] # 全部侮辱性文档中每一个词向量出现个数 p1Denom += sum(trainMatrix[i]) # 侮辱性文档总词数 else: p0Num += trainMatrix[i] p0Denom += sum(trainMatrix[i]) # 对每一个元素作除法 p1Vect = log(p1Num / p1Denom) p0Vect = log(p0Num / p0Denom) return p0Vect, p1Vect, pAbusive
朴素贝叶斯分类函数
# vec2Classify为要分类的向量 def classifyNB(vec2Classify, p0Vec, p1Vec, pClass1): # 相乘是指对应元素相乘 p1 = sum(vec2Classify * p1Vec) + log(pClass1) p0 = sum(vec2Classify * p0Vec) + log(1.0 - pClass1) if p1 > p0: return 1 else: return 0 def testingNB(): listOPosts, listClasses = loadDataSet() myVocabList = createVocabList(listOPosts) trainMat = [] for postingDoc in listOPosts: trainMat.append(setOfWords2Vec(myVocabList, postingDoc)) p0V, p1V, pAb = trainNB1(array(trainMat), array(listClasses)) testEntry = ['love', 'my', 'dalmation'] thisDoc = array(setOfWords2Vec(myVocabList, testEntry)) print(testEntry, 'classified as: ', classifyNB(thisDoc, p0V, p1V, pAb)) testEntry = ['stupid', 'garbage'] thisDoc = array(setOfWords2Vec(myVocabList, testEntry)) print(testEntry, 'classified as: ', classifyNB(thisDoc, p0V, p1V, pAb))
testingNB()
['love', 'my', 'dalmation'] classified as: 0 ['stupid', 'garbage'] classified as: 1
4.4 准备数据:文档词袋模型
**词集模型:**将每一个词的出现与否做为一个特征。
**词袋模型:**若是一个词在文档中出现不止一次,这可能意味着包含该词是否出如今文档中所不能表达的某种信息。 在词袋中,每一个单词能够出现屡次,而在词集中,每一个词只能出现一次。
朴素贝叶斯词袋模型
def bagOfWords2VecMN(vocabList, inputSet): returnVec = [0] * len(vocabList) for word in inputSet: if word in vocabList: returnVec[vocabList.index(word)] += 1 # 不仅是将对应的数值设为1 return returnVec
5、示例:使用朴素贝叶斯过滤垃圾邮件
示例:使用朴素贝叶斯对电子邮件进行分类
- 收集数据:提供文本文件。
- 准备数据:将文本文件解析成词条向量。
- 分析数据:检查词条确保解析的正确性。
- 训练算法:使用咱们以前创建的trainNB1()函数
- 测试算法:使用classifyNB(),而且构建一个新的测试函数来计算文档集的错误率。
- 使用算法:构建一个完整的程序对一组文档进行分类,将错分的文档输出到屏幕上。
5.1 准备数据:切分文本
import re mySent = 'This book is the best book on Python or M.L. I have ever laid eyes upon.' regEx = re.compile(r'\W+') # \W:匹配特殊字符,即非字母、非数字、非汉字、非_ # 表示匹配前面的规则至少 1 次,能够屡次匹配 listOfTokens = regEx.split(mySent) print(listOfTokens)
['This', 'book', 'is', 'the', 'best', 'book', 'on', 'Python', 'or', 'M', 'L', 'I', 'have', 'ever', 'laid', 'eyes', 'upon', '']
# 去掉空字符串。能够计算每一个字符串的长度,只返回长度大于0的字符串 # 将字符串所有转换成小写 print([tok.lower() for tok in listOfTokens if len(tok) > 0])
['this', 'book', 'is', 'the', 'best', 'book', 'on', 'python', 'or', 'm', 'l', 'i', 'have', 'ever', 'laid', 'eyes', 'upon']
emailText = open('email/ham/6.txt', "r", encoding='utf-8', errors='ignore').read() listOfTokens = regEx.split(emailText) # 6.txt文件很是长,这是某公司告知他们再也不进行某些支持的一封邮件。 # 因为是URL:answer.py?hl=en&answer=174623的一部分,于是会出现en和py这样的单词。 # 当对URL进行切分时,会获得不少的词,于是在实现时会过滤掉长度小于3的字符串。
5.2 测试算法:使用朴素贝叶斯进行交叉验证
文件解析及完整的垃圾邮件测试函数
def textParse(bigString): import re listOfTokens = re.split(r'\W+', bigString) return [tok.lower() for tok in listOfTokens if len(tok) > 2] # 对贝叶斯垃圾邮件分类器进行自动化处理 def spamTest(): docList = []; classList = []; fullText = [] for i in range(1,26): # 导入并解析文本文件 # 导入文件夹spam与ham下的文本文件,并将它们解析为词列表。 wordList = textParse(open('email/spam/%d.txt' % i, "r", encoding='utf-8', errors='ignore').read()) docList.append(wordList) fullText.extend(wordList) # append()向列表中添加一个对象object,总体打包追加 # extend() 函数用于在列表末尾一次性追加另外一个序列中的多个值(用新列表扩展原来的列表)。 classList.append(1) wordList = textParse(open('email/ham/%d.txt' % i, "r", encoding='utf-8', errors='ignore').read()) docList.append(wordList) fullText.extend(wordList) classList.append(0) vocabList = createVocabList(docList) # 词列表 # 本例中共有50封电子邮件,其中10封电子邮件被随机选择为测试集 # 分类器所须要的几率计算只利用训练集中的文档来完成。 trainingSet = list(range(50)); testSet = [] # 随机构建训练集 for i in range(10): # 随机选择其中10个文件做为测试集,同时也将其从训练集中剔除。 # 这种随机选择数据的一部分做为训练集,而剩余部分做为测试集的过程称为 留存交叉验证。 randIndex = int(random.uniform(0, len(trainingSet))) testSet.append(trainingSet[randIndex]) del(trainingSet[randIndex]) trainMat = []; trainClasses = [] # 对测试集分类 for docIndex in trainingSet: # 训练 trainMat.append(setOfWords2Vec(vocabList, docList[docIndex])) # 词向量 trainClasses.append(classList[docIndex]) # 标签 p0V, p1V, pSpam = trainNB1(array(trainMat), array(trainClasses)) errorCount = 0 for docIndex in testSet: # 测试 wordVector = setOfWords2Vec(vocabList, docList[docIndex]) if classifyNB(array(wordVector), p0V, p1V, pSpam) != classList[docIndex]: errorCount += 1 print('classificagion error ', docList[docIndex]) print('the error rate is: ', float(errorCount)/len(testSet))
spamTest()
classificagion error ['home', 'based', 'business', 'opportunity', 'knocking', 'your', 'door', 'dont', 'rude', 'and', 'let', 'this', 'chance', 'you', 'can', 'earn', 'great', 'income', 'and', 'find', 'your', 'financial', 'life', 'transformed', 'learn', 'more', 'here', 'your', 'success', 'work', 'from', 'home', 'finder', 'experts'] the error rate is: 0.1
6、示例:使用朴素贝叶斯分类器从我的广告中获取区域倾向
示例:使用朴素贝叶斯来发现地域相关的用词
- 收集数据:从RSS源收集内容,这里须要对RSS源构建一个接口
- 准备数据:将文本文件解析成词条向量
- 分析数据:检查词条确保解析的正确性
- 训练算法:使用咱们以前创建的trainNB1()函数
- 测试算法:观查错误率,确保分类器可用。能够修改切分程序,以下降错误率,提升分类结果。
- 使用算法:构建一个完整的程序,封装全部内容。给定两个RSS源,该程序会显示最经常使用的公共词。
下面将使用来自不一样城市的广告训练一个分类器,而后观察分类器的效果。目的是经过观察单词和条件几率值来发现与特定城市相关的内容。
6.1 收集数据:导入RSS源
Universal Feed Parser是Python中最经常使用的RSS程序库。 能够在 http://code.google.com/p/feedparser/ 下浏览相关文档。 首先解压下载的包,并将当前目录切换到解压文件所在的文件夹,而后在Python提示符下敲入>>python setup.py install
import feedparser ny = feedparser.parse('http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss')
print(ny['entries']) print(len(ny['entries']))
[{'title': 'Operation IceBridge: Exploring Alaska’s Mountain Glaciers', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Operation IceBridge: Exploring Alaska’s Mountain Glaciers'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/operation-icebridge-exploring-alaska-s-mountain-glaciers'}, {'length': '1883999', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/46713638424_0f32acec3f_k.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/operation-icebridge-exploring-alaska-s-mountain-glaciers', 'summary': 'In Alaska, 5 percent of the land is covered by glaciers that are losing a lot of ice and contributing to sea level rise.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'In Alaska, 5 percent of the land is covered by glaciers that are losing a lot of ice and contributing to sea level rise.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/operation-icebridge-exploring-alaska-s-mountain-glaciers', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Tue, 02 Apr 2019 11:29 EDT', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=4, tm_mday=2, tm_hour=15, tm_min=29, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=92, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Nick Hague Completes 215th Spacewalk on Station', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Nick Hague Completes 215th Spacewalk on Station'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/nick-hague-completes-215th-spacewalk-on-station'}, {'length': '2215322', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/iss059e005744.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/nick-hague-completes-215th-spacewalk-on-station', 'summary': 'Astronaut Nick Hague performs a spacewalk on March 29, 2019.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Astronaut Nick Hague performs a spacewalk on March 29, 2019.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/nick-hague-completes-215th-spacewalk-on-station', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:08 EDT', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=4, tm_mday=1, tm_hour=14, tm_min=8, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=91, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Hubble Spots Flock of Cosmic Ducks', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Hubble Spots Flock of Cosmic Ducks'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2019/hubble-spots-flock-of-cosmic-ducks'}, {'length': '2579018', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/potw1912a.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2019/hubble-spots-flock-of-cosmic-ducks', 'summary': 'This star-studded image shows us a portion of Messier 11, an open star cluster in the southern constellation of Scutum (the Shield). Messier 11 is also known as the Wild Duck Cluster, as its brightest stars form a “V” shape that somewhat resembles a flock of ducks in flight.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'This star-studded image shows us a portion of Messier 11, an open star cluster in the southern constellation of Scutum (the Shield). Messier 11 is also known as the Wild Duck Cluster, as its brightest stars form a “V” shape that somewhat resembles a flock of ducks in flight.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2019/hubble-spots-flock-of-cosmic-ducks', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:37 EDT', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=3, tm_mday=29, tm_hour=14, tm_min=37, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=88, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Hubble Watches Spun-Up Asteroid Coming Apart', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Hubble Watches Spun-Up Asteroid Coming Apart'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/hubble-watches-spun-up-asteroid-coming-apart'}, {'length': '4521802', 'type': 'image/png', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/stsci-h-p1922a-m-2000x1164.png', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/hubble-watches-spun-up-asteroid-coming-apart', 'summary': 'A small asteroid was caught in the process of spinning so fast it’s throwing off material, according to new data from NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope and other observatories.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'A small asteroid was caught in the process of spinning so fast it’s throwing off material, according to new data from NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope and other observatories.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/hubble-watches-spun-up-asteroid-coming-apart', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Thu, 28 Mar 2019 10:14 EDT', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=3, tm_mday=28, tm_hour=14, tm_min=14, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=87, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Joan Stupik, Guidance and Control Engineer', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Joan Stupik, Guidance and Control Engineer'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/joan-stupik-guidance-and-control-engineer'}, {'length': '4456448', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/joan_stupik.jpeg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/joan-stupik-guidance-and-control-engineer', 'summary': 'When Joan Stupik was a child, her parents bought her a mini-planetarium that she could use to project the stars on her bedroom ceiling.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'When Joan Stupik was a child, her parents bought her a mini-planetarium that she could use to project the stars on her bedroom ceiling.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/joan-stupik-guidance-and-control-engineer', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Wed, 27 Mar 2019 09:30 EDT', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=3, tm_mday=27, tm_hour=13, tm_min=30, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=2, tm_yday=86, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Orion Launch Abort System Attitude Control Motor Hot-Fire Test', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Orion Launch Abort System Attitude Control Motor Hot-Fire Test'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/orion-launch-abort-system-attitude-control-motor-hot-fire-test'}, {'length': '676263', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/ngacm1_1.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/orion-launch-abort-system-attitude-control-motor-hot-fire-test', 'summary': "A static hot-fire test of the Orion spacecraft's Launch Abort System Attitude Control Motor to help qualify the motor for human spaceflight, to help ensure Orion is ready from liftoff to splashdown for missions to the Moon.", 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': "A static hot-fire test of the Orion spacecraft's Launch Abort System Attitude Control Motor to help qualify the motor for human spaceflight, to help ensure Orion is ready from liftoff to splashdown for missions to the Moon."}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/orion-launch-abort-system-attitude-control-motor-hot-fire-test', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Tue, 26 Mar 2019 09:06 EDT', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=3, tm_mday=26, tm_hour=13, tm_min=6, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=85, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Nick Hague Completes First Spacewalk', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Nick Hague Completes First Spacewalk'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/nick-hague-completes-first-spacewalk'}, {'length': '149727', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/nick.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/nick-hague-completes-first-spacewalk', 'summary': 'NASA astronaut Nick Hague completed the first spacewalk of his career on Friday, March 22, 2019. He and fellow astronaut Anne McClain worked on a set of battery upgrades for six hours and 39 minutes, on the International Space Station’s starboard truss.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'NASA astronaut Nick Hague completed the first spacewalk of his career on Friday, March 22, 2019. He and fellow astronaut Anne McClain worked on a set of battery upgrades for six hours and 39 minutes, on the International Space Station’s starboard truss.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/nick-hague-completes-first-spacewalk', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Mon, 25 Mar 2019 11:23 EDT', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=3, tm_mday=25, tm_hour=15, tm_min=23, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=84, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Hubble Captures the Brilliant Heart of a Massive Galaxy', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Hubble Captures the Brilliant Heart of a Massive Galaxy'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/hubble-captures-the-brilliant-heart-of-a-massive-galaxy'}, {'length': '105869', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/potw1911a.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/hubble-captures-the-brilliant-heart-of-a-massive-galaxy', 'summary': 'This fuzzy orb of light is a giant elliptical galaxy filled with an incredible 200 billion stars.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'This fuzzy orb of light is a giant elliptical galaxy filled with an incredible 200 billion stars.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/hubble-captures-the-brilliant-heart-of-a-massive-galaxy', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Fri, 22 Mar 2019 08:39 EDT', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=3, tm_mday=22, tm_hour=12, tm_min=39, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=81, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Margaret W. ‘Hap’ Brennecke: Trailblazer', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Margaret W. ‘Hap’ Brennecke: Trailblazer'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/margaret-w-hap-brennecke-trailblazer'}, {'length': '407124', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/hap_brennecke_1.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/margaret-w-hap-brennecke-trailblazer', 'summary': 'Margaret W. ‘Hap’ Brennecke was the first female welding engineer to work in the Materials and Processes Laboratory at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Margaret W. ‘Hap’ Brennecke was the first female welding engineer to work in the Materials and Processes Laboratory at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/margaret-w-hap-brennecke-trailblazer', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Thu, 21 Mar 2019 11:32 EDT', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=3, tm_mday=21, tm_hour=15, tm_min=32, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=80, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': "Waxing Gibbous Moon Above Earth's Limb", 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': "Waxing Gibbous Moon Above Earth's Limb"}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/waxing-gibbous-moon-above-earths-limb'}, {'length': '1827111', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/stationmoon.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/waxing-gibbous-moon-above-earths-limb', 'summary': "The waxing gibbous moon is pictured above Earth's limb as the International Space Station was orbiting 266 miles above the South Atlantic Ocean.", 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': "The waxing gibbous moon is pictured above Earth's limb as the International Space Station was orbiting 266 miles above the South Atlantic Ocean."}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/waxing-gibbous-moon-above-earths-limb', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Wed, 20 Mar 2019 11:01 EDT', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=3, tm_mday=20, tm_hour=15, tm_min=1, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=2, tm_yday=79, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Preparing for Apollo 11', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Preparing for Apollo 11'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/preparing-for-apollo-11'}, {'length': '973531', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/apollo_11_bu_crew_lovell_haise_lm_alt_test_mar_20_1969_ap11-69-h-548hr.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/preparing-for-apollo-11', 'summary': 'Apollo 11 backup crew members Fred Haise (left) and Jim Lovell prepare to enter the Lunar Module for an altitude test.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Apollo 11 backup crew members Fred Haise (left) and Jim Lovell prepare to enter the Lunar Module for an altitude test.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/preparing-for-apollo-11', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Tue, 19 Mar 2019 12:28 EDT', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=3, tm_mday=19, tm_hour=16, tm_min=28, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=78, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Going Where the Wind Takes It', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Going Where the Wind Takes It'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/langley/going-where-the-wind-takes-it'}, {'length': '3893169', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/lrc-2019-h1_p_dawn-031115.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/langley/going-where-the-wind-takes-it', 'summary': '\u200bElectronics technician Anna Noe makes final checks to the Doppler Aerosol Wind Lidar (DAWN) before it begins a cross-country road trip for use in an upcoming airborne science campaign.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': '\u200bElectronics technician Anna Noe makes final checks to the Doppler Aerosol Wind Lidar (DAWN) before it begins a cross-country road trip for use in an upcoming airborne science campaign.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/langley/going-where-the-wind-takes-it', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Mon, 18 Mar 2019 10:14 EDT', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=3, tm_mday=18, tm_hour=14, tm_min=14, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=77, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Liftoff! A New Crew Heads to the Space Station', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Liftoff! A New Crew Heads to the Space Station'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/liftoff-a-new-crew-heads-to-the-space-station'}, {'length': '982872', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/47328135122_85619ed320_o.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/liftoff-a-new-crew-heads-to-the-space-station', 'summary': 'The Soyuz MS-12 spacecraft lifted off with Expedition 59 crewmembers on a journey to the International Space Station.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'The Soyuz MS-12 spacecraft lifted off with Expedition 59 crewmembers on a journey to the International Space Station.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/liftoff-a-new-crew-heads-to-the-space-station', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:00 EDT', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=3, tm_mday=15, tm_hour=13, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=74, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'The Soyuz at Dawn', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'The Soyuz at Dawn'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/the-soyuz-at-dawn'}, {'length': '733645', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/33498981418_5880fa2253_k.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/the-soyuz-at-dawn', 'summary': 'The Soyuz rocket is seen at dawn on launch site 1 of the Baikonur Cosmodrome, Thursday, March 14, 2019 in Baikonur, Kazakhstan.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'The Soyuz rocket is seen at dawn on launch site 1 of the Baikonur Cosmodrome, Thursday, March 14, 2019 in Baikonur, Kazakhstan.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/the-soyuz-at-dawn', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:39 EDT', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=3, tm_mday=14, tm_hour=13, tm_min=39, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=73, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Stephanie Wilson: Preparing for Space', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Stephanie Wilson: Preparing for Space'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/stephanie-wilson-preparing-for-space'}, {'length': '1844091', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/jsc2007e08828.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/stephanie-wilson-preparing-for-space', 'summary': 'Stephanie Wilson is a veteran of three spaceflights--STS-120, STS-121 and STS-131--and has logged more than 42 days in space.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Stephanie Wilson is a veteran of three spaceflights--STS-120, STS-121 and STS-131--and has logged more than 42 days in space.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/stephanie-wilson-preparing-for-space', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Wed, 13 Mar 2019 09:11 EDT', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=3, tm_mday=13, tm_hour=13, tm_min=11, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=2, tm_yday=72, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Soyuz Rollout to the Launch Pad', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Soyuz Rollout to the Launch Pad'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/soyuz-rollout-to-the-launch-pad'}, {'length': '1636390', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/46634947384_8ecb255750_o.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/soyuz-rollout-to-the-launch-pad', 'summary': 'The Soyuz rocket is transported by train to the launch pad, Tuesday, March 12, 2019 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'The Soyuz rocket is transported by train to the launch pad, Tuesday, March 12, 2019 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/soyuz-rollout-to-the-launch-pad', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Tue, 12 Mar 2019 09:24 EDT', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=3, tm_mday=12, tm_hour=13, tm_min=24, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=71, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': "NASA's Future: From the Moon to Mars", 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': "NASA's Future: From the Moon to Mars"}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/nasas-future-from-the-moon-to-mars'}, {'length': '2210744', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/47300989392_663a074b76_k.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/nasas-future-from-the-moon-to-mars', 'summary': 'NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine was photographed inside the Super Guppy aircraft that will carry the flight frame with the Orion crew module to a testing facility in Ohio.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine was photographed inside the Super Guppy aircraft that will carry the flight frame with the Orion crew module to a testing facility in Ohio.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/nasas-future-from-the-moon-to-mars', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Mon, 11 Mar 2019 21:19 EDT', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=3, tm_mday=12, tm_hour=1, tm_min=19, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=71, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': "Nancy Grace Roman: NASA's First Chief Astronomer", 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': "Nancy Grace Roman: NASA's First Chief Astronomer"}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/nancy-grace-roman-nasas-first-chief-astronomer'}, {'length': '971516', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/27154773587_c99105746d_k.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/nancy-grace-roman-nasas-first-chief-astronomer', 'summary': "Nancy Grace Roman, NASA's first chief astronomer, is known as the 'Mother of Hubble.'", 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': "Nancy Grace Roman, NASA's first chief astronomer, is known as the 'Mother of Hubble.'"}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/nancy-grace-roman-nasas-first-chief-astronomer', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Fri, 08 Mar 2019 11:29 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=3, tm_mday=8, tm_hour=16, tm_min=29, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=67, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Ann R. McNair and Mary Jo Smith with Model of Pegasus Satellite, July 14, 1964', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Ann R. McNair and Mary Jo Smith with Model of Pegasus Satellite, July 14, 1964'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/history/ann-r-mcnair-and-mary-jo-smith-with-model-of-pegasus-satellite-july-14-1964.html'}, {'length': '351665', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/4-9670_anne_mcnair_and_mary_jo_smith.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/history/ann-r-mcnair-and-mary-jo-smith-with-model-of-pegasus-satellite-july-14-1964.html', 'summary': 'In 1964, Ann R. McNair and Mary Jo Smith pose with a model of a Pegasus Satellite.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'In 1964, Ann R. McNair and Mary Jo Smith pose with a model of a Pegasus Satellite.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/history/ann-r-mcnair-and-mary-jo-smith-with-model-of-pegasus-satellite-july-14-1964.html', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Thu, 07 Mar 2019 11:57 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=3, tm_mday=7, tm_hour=16, tm_min=57, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=66, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'NASA Captures Supersonic Shock Interaction', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'NASA Captures Supersonic Shock Interaction'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/centers/armstrong/multimedia/imagegallery/Schlieren/f4_p3_cam_plane_drop_new_2-22-19.html'}, {'length': '1440965', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/f4_p3_cam_plane_drop_new_2-22-19.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/centers/armstrong/multimedia/imagegallery/Schlieren/f4_p3_cam_plane_drop_new_2-22-19.html', 'summary': 'One of the greatest challenges of the fourth phase of Air-to-Air Background Oriented Schlieren flights, or AirBOS flight series was timing.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'One of the greatest challenges of the fourth phase of Air-to-Air Background Oriented Schlieren flights, or AirBOS flight series was timing.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/centers/armstrong/multimedia/imagegallery/Schlieren/f4_p3_cam_plane_drop_new_2-22-19.html', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Wed, 06 Mar 2019 05:58 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=3, tm_mday=6, tm_hour=10, tm_min=58, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=2, tm_yday=65, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'The Dawn of a New Era in Human Spaceflight', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'The Dawn of a New Era in Human Spaceflight'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/the-dawn-of-a-new-era-in-human-spaceflight'}, {'length': '478563', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/3.3-445a2747.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/the-dawn-of-a-new-era-in-human-spaceflight', 'summary': '"The dawn of a new era in human spaceflight," wrote astronaut Anne McClain. McClain had an unparalleled view from orbit of SpaceX\'s Crew Dragon spacecraft as it approached the International Space Station for docking on Sunday, March 3, 2019.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': '"The dawn of a new era in human spaceflight," wrote astronaut Anne McClain. McClain had an unparalleled view from orbit of SpaceX\'s Crew Dragon spacecraft as it approached the International Space Station for docking on Sunday, March 3, 2019.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/the-dawn-of-a-new-era-in-human-spaceflight', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Tue, 05 Mar 2019 11:20 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=3, tm_mday=5, tm_hour=16, tm_min=20, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=64, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'SpaceX Falcon 9 Rocket Lifts Off From Launch Complex 39A', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'SpaceX Falcon 9 Rocket Lifts Off From Launch Complex 39A'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/spacex-falcon-9-rocket-lifts-off-from-launch-complex-39a'}, {'length': '1251976', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/46531972754_27aefcb3cb_k.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/spacex-falcon-9-rocket-lifts-off-from-launch-complex-39a', 'summary': 'On March 2, 2:49 a.m. EST, a two-stage SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket lifts off from Launch Complex 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida for Demo-1, the first uncrewed mission of the agency’s Commercial Crew Program.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'On March 2, 2:49 a.m. EST, a two-stage SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket lifts off from Launch Complex 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida for Demo-1, the first uncrewed mission of the agency’s Commercial Crew Program.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/spacex-falcon-9-rocket-lifts-off-from-launch-complex-39a', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Mon, 04 Mar 2019 10:40 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=3, tm_mday=4, tm_hour=15, tm_min=40, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=63, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'SpaceX Demo-1 Launch', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'SpaceX Demo-1 Launch'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/spacex-demo-1-launch'}, {'length': '1574853', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/33384173438_dfb4fa5e4a_o.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/spacex-demo-1-launch', 'summary': "A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket with the company's Crew Dragon spacecraft onboard launches from Launch Complex 39A, Saturday, March 2, 2019.", 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': "A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket with the company's Crew Dragon spacecraft onboard launches from Launch Complex 39A, Saturday, March 2, 2019."}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/spacex-demo-1-launch', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Sun, 03 Mar 2019 14:10 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=3, tm_mday=3, tm_hour=19, tm_min=10, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=6, tm_yday=62, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Mae Jemison, First African American Woman in Space', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Mae Jemison, First African American Woman in Space'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/mae-jemison-first-african-american-woman-in-space'}, {'length': '1539289', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/mae_jemison_29487037511.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/mae-jemison-first-african-american-woman-in-space', 'summary': 'Mae Jemison was the first African Ameican woman in space.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Mae Jemison was the first African Ameican woman in space.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/mae-jemison-first-african-american-woman-in-space', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Fri, 01 Mar 2019 09:00 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=3, tm_mday=1, tm_hour=14, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=60, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': "SpaceX Demo-1: 'Go' for Launch", 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': "SpaceX Demo-1: 'Go' for Launch"}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/spacex-demo-1-go-for-launch'}, {'length': '699850', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/demo-1.jpeg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/spacex-demo-1-go-for-launch', 'summary': 'Two days remain until the planned liftoff of a SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft on the company’s Falcon 9 rocket—the first launch of a commercially built and operated American spacecraft and space system designed for humans.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Two days remain until the planned liftoff of a SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft on the company’s Falcon 9 rocket—the first launch of a commercially built and operated American spacecraft and space system designed for humans.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/spacex-demo-1-go-for-launch', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Thu, 28 Feb 2019 10:49 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=28, tm_hour=15, tm_min=49, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=59, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Curiosity Drives Over a New Kind of Terrain', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Curiosity Drives Over a New Kind of Terrain'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/curiosity-drives-over-a-new-kind-of-terrain'}, {'length': '175004', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/pia23047_0.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/curiosity-drives-over-a-new-kind-of-terrain', 'summary': 'The Curiosity Mars Rover took this image with its Mast Camera (Mastcam) on Feb. 10, 2019 (Sol 2316).', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'The Curiosity Mars Rover took this image with its Mast Camera (Mastcam) on Feb. 10, 2019 (Sol 2316).'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/curiosity-drives-over-a-new-kind-of-terrain', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Wed, 27 Feb 2019 11:25 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=27, tm_hour=16, tm_min=25, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=2, tm_yday=58, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Earnest C. Smith in the Astrionics Laboratory in 1964', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Earnest C. Smith in the Astrionics Laboratory in 1964'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/history/earnest-c-smith-in-the-astrionics-laboratory-in-1964.html'}, {'length': '731063', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/ec_smith_1.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/history/earnest-c-smith-in-the-astrionics-laboratory-in-1964.html', 'summary': 'Earnest C. Smith started at NASA Marshall in 1964 as an aerospace engineer in the Astrionics Laboratory. He was instrumental in the development and verification of the navigation system of the Lunar Roving Vehicle. Smith later became director of the Astrionics Laboratory at Marshall.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Earnest C. Smith started at NASA Marshall in 1964 as an aerospace engineer in the Astrionics Laboratory. He was instrumental in the development and verification of the navigation system of the Lunar Roving Vehicle. Smith later became director of the Astrionics Laboratory at Marshall.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/history/earnest-c-smith-in-the-astrionics-laboratory-in-1964.html', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Tue, 26 Feb 2019 11:15 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=26, tm_hour=16, tm_min=15, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=57, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Alvin Drew Works on the International Space Station', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Alvin Drew Works on the International Space Station'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/alvin-drew-works-on-the-international-space-station'}, {'length': '920866', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/iss026e030929.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/alvin-drew-works-on-the-international-space-station', 'summary': "NASA astronaut Alvin Drew participated in the STS-133 mission's first spacewalk.", 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': "NASA astronaut Alvin Drew participated in the STS-133 mission's first spacewalk."}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/alvin-drew-works-on-the-international-space-station', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Mon, 25 Feb 2019 10:30 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=25, tm_hour=15, tm_min=30, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=56, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Hubble Peers into the Vast Distance', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Hubble Peers into the Vast Distance'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2019/hubble-peers-into-the-vast-distance'}, {'length': '3153377', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/potw1903a.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2019/hubble-peers-into-the-vast-distance', 'summary': 'This picture showcases a gravitational lensing system called SDSS J0928+2031.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'This picture showcases a gravitational lensing system called SDSS J0928+2031.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2019/hubble-peers-into-the-vast-distance', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Fri, 22 Feb 2019 10:00 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=22, tm_hour=15, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=53, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Good Morning From the Space Station!', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Good Morning From the Space Station!'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/good-morning-from-the-space-station'}, {'length': '1811599', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/2.21-iss058e016863_highres.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/good-morning-from-the-space-station', 'summary': 'Good morning to our beautiful world, said astronaut Anne McClain from aboard the Space Station on Feb. 21, 2019.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Good morning to our beautiful world, said astronaut Anne McClain from aboard the Space Station on Feb. 21, 2019.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/good-morning-from-the-space-station', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Thu, 21 Feb 2019 10:42 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=21, tm_hour=15, tm_min=42, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=52, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': "Countdown to Calving at Antarctica's Brunt Ice Shelf", 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': "Countdown to Calving at Antarctica's Brunt Ice Shelf"}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/countdown-to-calving-at-antarcticas-brunt-ice-shelf'}, {'length': '1768653', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/brunt_oli_2019023_lrg_0.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/countdown-to-calving-at-antarcticas-brunt-ice-shelf', 'summary': 'Cracks growing across Antarctica’s Brunt Ice Shelf are poised to release an iceberg with an area about twice the size of New York City. It is not yet clear how the remaining ice shelf will respond following the break, posing an uncertain future for scientific infrastructure and a human presence on the shelf that was first established in 1955.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Cracks growing across Antarctica’s Brunt Ice Shelf are poised to release an iceberg with an area about twice the size of New York City. It is not yet clear how the remaining ice shelf will respond following the break, posing an uncertain future for scientific infrastructure and a human presence on the shelf that was first established in 1955.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/countdown-to-calving-at-antarcticas-brunt-ice-shelf', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Wed, 20 Feb 2019 12:11 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=20, tm_hour=17, tm_min=11, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=2, tm_yday=51, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Eat. Breathe. Do Science. Sleep Later.', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Eat. Breathe. Do Science. Sleep Later.'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/eat-breathe-do-science-sleep-later'}, {'length': '4020070', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/g1_-_dpitts_telescope.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/eat-breathe-do-science-sleep-later', 'summary': "Eat. Breathe. Do ccience. Sleep later. That's the motto of Derrick Pitts, NASA Solar System Ambassador.", 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': "Eat. Breathe. Do ccience. Sleep later. That's the motto of Derrick Pitts, NASA Solar System Ambassador."}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/eat-breathe-do-science-sleep-later', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Tue, 19 Feb 2019 09:49 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=19, tm_hour=14, tm_min=49, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=50, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'NASA Glenn Keeps X-57 Cool', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'NASA Glenn Keeps X-57 Cool'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/nasa-glenn-keeps-x-57-cool'}, {'length': '2462169', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/grc-2018-c-09843.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/nasa-glenn-keeps-x-57-cool', 'summary': 'NASA is preparing to explore electric-powered flight with the X-57 Maxwell, a unique all-electric aircraft which features 14 propellers along its wing.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'NASA is preparing to explore electric-powered flight with the X-57 Maxwell, a unique all-electric aircraft which features 14 propellers along its wing.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/nasa-glenn-keeps-x-57-cool', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Fri, 15 Feb 2019 08:45 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=15, tm_hour=13, tm_min=45, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=46, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Astronauts Train for the Boeing Crew Flight Test', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Astronauts Train for the Boeing Crew Flight Test'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/astronauts-train-for-the-boeing-crew-flight-test'}, {'length': '2827478', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/jsc2019e002964.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/astronauts-train-for-the-boeing-crew-flight-test', 'summary': "This preflight image from Feb. 6, 2019, shows NASA astronauts Mike Fincke and Nicole Mann and Boeing astronaut Chris Ferguson during spacewalk preparations and training inside the Space Station Airlock Mockup at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston.", 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': "This preflight image from Feb. 6, 2019, shows NASA astronauts Mike Fincke and Nicole Mann and Boeing astronaut Chris Ferguson during spacewalk preparations and training inside the Space Station Airlock Mockup at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston."}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/astronauts-train-for-the-boeing-crew-flight-test', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Thu, 14 Feb 2019 06:28 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=14, tm_hour=11, tm_min=28, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=45, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': "Taking a Look Back at Opportunity's Record-Setting Mission", 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': "Taking a Look Back at Opportunity's Record-Setting Mission"}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/taking-a-look-back-at-opportunitys-record-setting-mission'}, {'length': '367939', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/sunset.jpeg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/taking-a-look-back-at-opportunitys-record-setting-mission', 'summary': "NASA's record-setting Opportunity rover mission on Mars comes to end.", 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': "NASA's record-setting Opportunity rover mission on Mars comes to end."}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/taking-a-look-back-at-opportunitys-record-setting-mission', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Wed, 13 Feb 2019 12:57 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=13, tm_hour=17, tm_min=57, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=2, tm_yday=44, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Robert Curbeam: Building the Space Station, Making History', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Robert Curbeam: Building the Space Station, Making History'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/robert-curbeam-building-the-space-station-making-history'}, {'length': '1324739', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/iss014e10084.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/robert-curbeam-building-the-space-station-making-history', 'summary': 'Robert Curbeam currently holds the record for the most spacewalks during a single spaceflight.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Robert Curbeam currently holds the record for the most spacewalks during a single spaceflight.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/robert-curbeam-building-the-space-station-making-history', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Tue, 12 Feb 2019 11:29 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=12, tm_hour=16, tm_min=29, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=43, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': "The Red Planet's Layered History", 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': "The Red Planet's Layered History"}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/the-red-planets-layered-history'}, {'length': '2159354', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/pia23059.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/the-red-planets-layered-history', 'summary': 'Erosion of the surface reveals several shades of light toned layers, likely sedimentary deposits, as shown in this image taken by the HiRISE camera on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Erosion of the surface reveals several shades of light toned layers, likely sedimentary deposits, as shown in this image taken by the HiRISE camera on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/the-red-planets-layered-history', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Mon, 11 Feb 2019 11:28 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=11, tm_hour=16, tm_min=28, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=42, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Mary Jackson: A Life of Service and a Love of Science', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Mary Jackson: A Life of Service and a Love of Science'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/mary-jackson-a-life-of-service-and-a-love-of-science'}, {'length': '3221897', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/lrc-1977-b701_p-04107.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/mary-jackson-a-life-of-service-and-a-love-of-science', 'summary': 'Mary Jackson began her engineering career in an era in which female engineers of any background were a rarity.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Mary Jackson began her engineering career in an era in which female engineers of any background were a rarity.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/mary-jackson-a-life-of-service-and-a-love-of-science', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Fri, 08 Feb 2019 13:00 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=8, tm_hour=18, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=39, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Vice President Attends NASA Day of Remembrance', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Vice President Attends NASA Day of Remembrance'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/vice-president-attends-nasa-day-of-remembrance'}, {'length': '955896', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/32079236047_1d7fa79e68_k.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/vice-president-attends-nasa-day-of-remembrance', 'summary': "Vice President Mike Pence visits the Space Shuttle Challenger Memorial after a wreath laying ceremony that was part of NASA's Day of Remembrance, Thursday, Feb. 7, 2019, at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Va.", 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': "Vice President Mike Pence visits the Space Shuttle Challenger Memorial after a wreath laying ceremony that was part of NASA's Day of Remembrance, Thursday, Feb. 7, 2019, at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Va."}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/vice-president-attends-nasa-day-of-remembrance', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Thu, 07 Feb 2019 17:17 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=7, tm_hour=22, tm_min=17, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=38, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Apollo Astronaut Buzz Aldrin at the 2019 State of the Union', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Apollo Astronaut Buzz Aldrin at the 2019 State of the Union'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/apollo-astronaut-buzz-aldrin-at-the-2019-state-of-the-union'}, {'length': '1686955', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/020519-js4-1602.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/apollo-astronaut-buzz-aldrin-at-the-2019-state-of-the-union', 'summary': 'Astronaut Buzz Aldrin salutes after being introduced at the 2019 State of the Union address.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Astronaut Buzz Aldrin salutes after being introduced at the 2019 State of the Union address.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/apollo-astronaut-buzz-aldrin-at-the-2019-state-of-the-union', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Wed, 06 Feb 2019 10:29 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=6, tm_hour=15, tm_min=29, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=2, tm_yday=37, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Star Formation in the Orion Nebula', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Star Formation in the Orion Nebula'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/star-formation-in-the-orion-nebula'}, {'length': '681974', 'type': 'image/png', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/orion-bubble.png', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/star-formation-in-the-orion-nebula', 'summary': 'The powerful wind from the newly formed star at the heart of the Orion Nebula is creating the bubble and preventing new stars from forming.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'The powerful wind from the newly formed star at the heart of the Orion Nebula is creating the bubble and preventing new stars from forming.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/star-formation-in-the-orion-nebula', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Tue, 05 Feb 2019 12:48 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=5, tm_hour=17, tm_min=48, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=36, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': "Victor Glover, One of the Crew of SpaceX's First Flight to Station", 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': "Victor Glover, One of the Crew of SpaceX's First Flight to Station"}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/victor-glover-one-of-the-crew-of-spacexs-first-flight-to-station'}, {'length': '1497135', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/32318922958_528cbd3f50_o.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/victor-glover-one-of-the-crew-of-spacexs-first-flight-to-station', 'summary': "When SpaceX's Crew Dragon spacecraft lifts off on its first operational mission to the International Space Station, NASA astronaut Victor Glover will be aboard.", 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': "When SpaceX's Crew Dragon spacecraft lifts off on its first operational mission to the International Space Station, NASA astronaut Victor Glover will be aboard."}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/victor-glover-one-of-the-crew-of-spacexs-first-flight-to-station', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Mon, 04 Feb 2019 13:50 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=4, tm_hour=18, tm_min=50, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=35, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Sunrise From Columbia', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Sunrise From Columbia'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/sunrise-from-columbia'}, {'length': '394092', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/s107e05485.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/sunrise-from-columbia', 'summary': 'On Jan. 22, 2003, the crew of Space Shuttle Columbia captured this sunrise from the crew cabin during Flight Day 7.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'On Jan. 22, 2003, the crew of Space Shuttle Columbia captured this sunrise from the crew cabin during Flight Day 7.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/sunrise-from-columbia', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Fri, 01 Feb 2019 09:11 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=1, tm_hour=14, tm_min=11, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=32, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Hubble Accidentally Discovers a New Galaxy', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Hubble Accidentally Discovers a New Galaxy'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/hubble-accidentally-discovers-a-new-galaxy'}, {'length': '2701505', 'type': 'image/png', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/bedin1.png', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/hubble-accidentally-discovers-a-new-galaxy', 'summary': 'Despite the vastness of space, objects tend to get in front of each other.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Despite the vastness of space, objects tend to get in front of each other.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/hubble-accidentally-discovers-a-new-galaxy', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Thu, 31 Jan 2019 11:34 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=1, tm_mday=31, tm_hour=16, tm_min=34, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=31, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Sailing Over the Caribbean From the International Space Station', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Sailing Over the Caribbean From the International Space Station'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/sailing-over-the-caribbean-from-the-international-space-station'}, {'length': '1107689', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/31988314307_fdfcdbd0b0_k.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/sailing-over-the-caribbean-from-the-international-space-station', 'summary': 'Portions of Cuba, the Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands are viewed from the International Space Station.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Portions of Cuba, the Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands are viewed from the International Space Station.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/sailing-over-the-caribbean-from-the-international-space-station', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Wed, 30 Jan 2019 12:25 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=1, tm_mday=30, tm_hour=17, tm_min=25, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=2, tm_yday=30, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Falcon 9, Crew Dragon Roll to Launch Pad', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Falcon 9, Crew Dragon Roll to Launch Pad'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/falcon-9-crew-dragon-roll-to-launch-pad'}, {'length': '1760724', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/46907789351_b5d7dddb42_o.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/falcon-9-crew-dragon-roll-to-launch-pad', 'summary': 'Falcon 9, Crew Dragon Roll to Launch Pad', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Falcon 9, Crew Dragon Roll to Launch Pad'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/falcon-9-crew-dragon-roll-to-launch-pad', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Tue, 29 Jan 2019 11:06 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=1, tm_mday=29, tm_hour=16, tm_min=6, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=29, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Remembering Space Shuttle Challenger', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Remembering Space Shuttle Challenger'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_gallery_2437.html'}, {'length': '5056465', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/images/722342main_challenger_full_full.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_gallery_2437.html', 'summary': "NASA lost seven of its own on the morning of Jan. 28, 1986, when a booster engine failed, causing the Shuttle Challenger to break apart just 73 seconds after launch. In this photo from Jan. 9, 1986, the Challenger crew takes a break during countdown training at NASA's Kennedy Space Center.", 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': "NASA lost seven of its own on the morning of Jan. 28, 1986, when a booster engine failed, causing the Shuttle Challenger to break apart just 73 seconds after launch. In this photo from Jan. 9, 1986, the Challenger crew takes a break during countdown training at NASA's Kennedy Space Center."}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_gallery_2437.html', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Mon, 28 Jan 2019 11:12 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=1, tm_mday=28, tm_hour=16, tm_min=12, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=28, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': "Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of Apollo 8's Launch Into History", 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': "Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of Apollo 8's Launch Into History"}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/celebrating-the-50th-anniversary-of-apollo-8s-launch-into-history'}, {'length': '2210687', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/s68-56050.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/celebrating-the-50th-anniversary-of-apollo-8s-launch-into-history', 'summary': 'Fifty years ago on Dec. 21, 1968, Apollo 8 launched from Pad A, Launch Complex 39, Kennedy Space Center at 7:51 a.m. ES).', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Fifty years ago on Dec. 21, 1968, Apollo 8 launched from Pad A, Launch Complex 39, Kennedy Space Center at 7:51 a.m. ES).'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/celebrating-the-50th-anniversary-of-apollo-8s-launch-into-history', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Fri, 21 Dec 2018 09:02 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2018, tm_mon=12, tm_mday=21, tm_hour=14, tm_min=2, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=355, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Station Crew Back on Earth After 197-Day Space Mission', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Station Crew Back on Earth After 197-Day Space Mission'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/station-crew-back-on-earth-after-197-day-space-mission'}, {'length': '620757', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/32518530168_88a2729274_k_1.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/station-crew-back-on-earth-after-197-day-space-mission', 'summary': 'Russian Search and Rescue teams arrive at the Soyuz MS-09 spacecraft shortly after it landed with Expedition 57 crew members.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Russian Search and Rescue teams arrive at the Soyuz MS-09 spacecraft shortly after it landed with Expedition 57 crew members.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/station-crew-back-on-earth-after-197-day-space-mission', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Thu, 20 Dec 2018 10:05 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2018, tm_mon=12, tm_mday=20, tm_hour=15, tm_min=5, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=354, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'SpaceX’s Crew Dragon Spacecraft and Falcon 9 Rocket', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'SpaceX’s Crew Dragon Spacecraft and Falcon 9 Rocket'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/spacex-s-crew-dragon-spacecraft-and-falcon-9-rocket'}, {'length': '1885477', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/dm-1-20181218-129a8083-2-apprvd.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/spacex-s-crew-dragon-spacecraft-and-falcon-9-rocket', 'summary': 'SpaceX’s Crew Dragon spacecraft and Falcon 9 rocket are positioned at the company’s hangar at Launch Complex 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, ahead of the test targeted for Jan. 17, 2019.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'SpaceX’s Crew Dragon spacecraft and Falcon 9 rocket are positioned at the company’s hangar at Launch Complex 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, ahead of the test targeted for Jan. 17, 2019.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/spacex-s-crew-dragon-spacecraft-and-falcon-9-rocket', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Wed, 19 Dec 2018 11:07 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2018, tm_mon=12, tm_mday=19, tm_hour=16, tm_min=7, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=2, tm_yday=353, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Testing the Space Launch System', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Testing the Space Launch System'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/testing-the-space-launch-system'}, {'length': '3083141', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/maf_20181126_p_lh2_lift_onto_aft_sim-42.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/testing-the-space-launch-system', 'summary': 'Engineers built a tank identical to the Space Launch System tank that will be flown on Exploration Mission-1, the first flight of Space Launch System and the Orion spacecraft for testing.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Engineers built a tank identical to the Space Launch System tank that will be flown on Exploration Mission-1, the first flight of Space Launch System and the Orion spacecraft for testing.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/testing-the-space-launch-system', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Tue, 18 Dec 2018 10:28 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2018, tm_mon=12, tm_mday=18, tm_hour=15, tm_min=28, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=352, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': '115 Years of Flight', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': '115 Years of Flight'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/115-years-of-flight-0'}, {'length': '1035710', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/wrightflyer.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/115-years-of-flight-0', 'summary': 'For most of human history, we mortals have dreamed of taking to the skies. Then, 115 years ago on on December 17, 1903, Orville and Wilbur Wright achieved the impossbile.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'For most of human history, we mortals have dreamed of taking to the skies. Then, 115 years ago on on December 17, 1903, Orville and Wilbur Wright achieved the impossbile.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/115-years-of-flight-0', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Mon, 17 Dec 2018 11:02 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2018, tm_mon=12, tm_mday=17, tm_hour=16, tm_min=2, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=351, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Giant Black Hole Powers Cosmic Fountain', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Giant Black Hole Powers Cosmic Fountain'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/giant-black-hole-powers-cosmic-fountain'}, {'length': '1209648', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/a2597_0.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/giant-black-hole-powers-cosmic-fountain', 'summary': 'Before electricity, water fountains worked by relying on gravity to channel water from a higher elevation to a lower one. In space, awesome gaseous fountains have been discovered in the centers of galaxy clusters.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Before electricity, water fountains worked by relying on gravity to channel water from a higher elevation to a lower one. In space, awesome gaseous fountains have been discovered in the centers of galaxy clusters.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/giant-black-hole-powers-cosmic-fountain', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Fri, 14 Dec 2018 10:30 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2018, tm_mon=12, tm_mday=14, tm_hour=15, tm_min=30, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=348, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Astronauts Anne McClain and Serena Auñón-Chancellor Work Aboard the Station', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Astronauts Anne McClain and Serena Auñón-Chancellor Work Aboard the Station'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/astronauts-anne-mcclain-and-serena-au-n-chancellor-work-aboard-the-station'}, {'length': '4332027', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/iss057e114340_0.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/astronauts-anne-mcclain-and-serena-au-n-chancellor-work-aboard-the-station', 'summary': 'NASA astronauts Anne McClain (background) and Serena Auñón-Chancellor are pictured inside the U.S. Destiny laboratory module aboard the International Space Station.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'NASA astronauts Anne McClain (background) and Serena Auñón-Chancellor are pictured inside the U.S. Destiny laboratory module aboard the International Space Station.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/astronauts-anne-mcclain-and-serena-au-n-chancellor-work-aboard-the-station', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Thu, 13 Dec 2018 09:38 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2018, tm_mon=12, tm_mday=13, tm_hour=14, tm_min=38, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=347, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Spirit of Apollo - 50th Anniversary of Apollo 8 at the Washington National Cathedral', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Spirit of Apollo - 50th Anniversary of Apollo 8 at the Washington National Cathedral'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/spirit-of-apollo-50th-anniversary-of-apollo-8-at-the-washington-national-cathedral'}, {'length': '20305142', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/spirit_of_apollo_washington_national_cathedral_for_50th_anniversary_of_apollo_8_0.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/spirit-of-apollo-50th-anniversary-of-apollo-8-at-the-washington-national-cathedral', 'summary': "The Washington National Cathedral is seen lit up with space imagery prior to the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum's Spirit of Apollo event commemorating the 50th anniversary of Apollo 8, Tuesday, Dec. 11, 2018 in Washington, DC.", 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': "The Washington National Cathedral is seen lit up with space imagery prior to the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum's Spirit of Apollo event commemorating the 50th anniversary of Apollo 8, Tuesday, Dec. 11, 2018 in Washington, DC."}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/spirit-of-apollo-50th-anniversary-of-apollo-8-at-the-washington-national-cathedral', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Wed, 12 Dec 2018 14:21 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2018, tm_mon=12, tm_mday=12, tm_hour=19, tm_min=21, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=2, tm_yday=346, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'ICESat-2 Reveals Profile of Ice Sheets', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'ICESat-2 Reveals Profile of Ice Sheets'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/icesat-2-reveals-profile-of-ice-sheets'}, {'length': '974620', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/seaice11.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/icesat-2-reveals-profile-of-ice-sheets', 'summary': 'Less than three months into its mission, NASA’s Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite-2, or ICESat-2, is already exceeding scientists’ expectations.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Less than three months into its mission, NASA’s Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite-2, or ICESat-2, is already exceeding scientists’ expectations.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/icesat-2-reveals-profile-of-ice-sheets', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Tue, 11 Dec 2018 09:09 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2018, tm_mon=12, tm_mday=11, tm_hour=14, tm_min=9, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=345, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': "Viewing the Approach of SpaceX's Dragon to the Space Station", 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': "Viewing the Approach of SpaceX's Dragon to the Space Station"}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/viewing-the-approach-of-spacexs-dragon-to-the-space-station'}, {'length': '742769', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/45532312914_2634bd334e_k.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/viewing-the-approach-of-spacexs-dragon-to-the-space-station', 'summary': 'International Space Station Commander Alexander Gerst viewed SpaceX’s Dragon cargo craft chasing the orbital laboratory on Dec. 8, 2018 and took a series of photos.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'International Space Station Commander Alexander Gerst viewed SpaceX’s Dragon cargo craft chasing the orbital laboratory on Dec. 8, 2018 and took a series of photos.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/viewing-the-approach-of-spacexs-dragon-to-the-space-station', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Mon, 10 Dec 2018 11:10 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2018, tm_mon=12, tm_mday=10, tm_hour=16, tm_min=10, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=344, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': "Astronaut Anne McClain's First Voyage to the Space Station", 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': "Astronaut Anne McClain's First Voyage to the Space Station"}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/astronaut-anne-mcclains-first-voyage-to-the-space-station'}, {'length': '2277660', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/anne.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/astronaut-anne-mcclains-first-voyage-to-the-space-station', 'summary': '"Putting this journey into words will not be easy, but I will try. I am finally where I was born to be," said astronaut Anne McClain of her first voyage to space.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': '"Putting this journey into words will not be easy, but I will try. I am finally where I was born to be," said astronaut Anne McClain of her first voyage to space.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/astronaut-anne-mcclains-first-voyage-to-the-space-station', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Fri, 07 Dec 2018 10:48 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2018, tm_mon=12, tm_mday=7, tm_hour=15, tm_min=48, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=341, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Researching Supersonic Flight', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Researching Supersonic Flight'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/researching-supersonic-flight'}, {'length': '451454', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/afrc2018-0287-193small.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/researching-supersonic-flight', 'summary': 'This image of the horizon is as it was seen from the cockpit of NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center’s F/A-18 research aircraft.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'This image of the horizon is as it was seen from the cockpit of NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center’s F/A-18 research aircraft.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/researching-supersonic-flight', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Tue, 04 Dec 2018 12:00 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2018, tm_mon=12, tm_mday=4, tm_hour=17, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=338, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}, {'title': 'Newest Crew Launches for the International Space Station', 'title_detail': {'type': 'text/plain', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Newest Crew Launches for the International Space Station'}, 'links': [{'rel': 'alternate', 'type': 'text/html', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/newest-crew-launches-for-the-international-space-station'}, {'length': '749641', 'type': 'image/jpeg', 'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/45248114015_bf5ebaf3e9_k.jpg', 'rel': 'enclosure'}], 'link': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/newest-crew-launches-for-the-international-space-station', 'summary': 'Soyuz MS-11 spacecraft launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan to bring a new crew to begin their six and a half month mission on the International Space Station.', 'summary_detail': {'type': 'text/html', 'language': 'en', 'base': 'http://www.nasa.gov/', 'value': 'Soyuz MS-11 spacecraft launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan to bring a new crew to begin their six and a half month mission on the International Space Station.'}, 'id': 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/newest-crew-launches-for-the-international-space-station', 'guidislink': False, 'published': 'Mon, 03 Dec 2018 08:49 EST', 'published_parsed': time.struct_time(tm_year=2018, tm_mon=12, tm_mday=3, tm_hour=13, tm_min=49, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=337, tm_isdst=0), 'source': {'href': 'http://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/image_of_the_day.rss', 'title': 'NASA Image of the Day'}}] 60
RSS源分类器及高频词去除函数
def calcMostFreq(vocabList, fullText): # 计算出现频率 import operator freqDict = {} for token in vocabList: freqDict[token] = fullText.count(token) sortedFreq = sorted(freqDict.items(), key=operator.itemgetter(1), reverse=True) return sortedFreq[:10] def stopWords(): import re wordList = open('stopwords.txt').read() listOfTokens = re.split(r'\W+', wordList) listOfTokens = [tok.lower() for tok in listOfTokens] return listOfTokens def localWords(feed1, feed0): import feedparser docList = []; classList = []; fullText = [] minLen = min(len(feed1['entries']), len(feed0['entries'])) for i in range(minLen): # 每次访问一条RSS源 wordList = textParse(feed1['entries'][i]['summary']) docList.append(wordList) fullText.extend(wordList) classList.append(1) wordList = textParse(feed0['entries'][i]['summary']) docList.append(wordList) fullText.extend(wordList) classList.append(0) vocabList = createVocabList(docList) # 去掉出现次数最高的那些词 top10Words = calcMostFreq(vocabList, fullText) for pairW in top10Words: if pairW[0] in vocabList: vocabList.remove(pairW[0]) # 移除停用词 stopWordList = stopWords() for stopWord in stopWordList: if stopWord in vocabList: vocabList.remove(stopWord) trainingSet = list(range(2*minLen)); testSet = [] for i in range(10): randIndex = int(random.uniform(0, len(trainingSet))) testSet.append(trainingSet[randIndex]) del(trainingSet[randIndex]) trainMat = []; trainClasses = [] for docIndex in trainingSet: trainMat.append(bagOfWords2VecMN(vocabList, docList[docIndex])) trainClasses.append(classList[docIndex]) p0V, p1V, pSpam = trainNB1(array(trainMat), array(trainClasses)) errorCount = 0 for docIndex in testSet: wordVector = bagOfWords2VecMN(vocabList, docList[docIndex]) if classifyNB(array(wordVector), p0V, p1V, pSpam) != classList[docIndex]: errorCount += 1 print('the error rate is: ', float(errorCount)/len(testSet)) return vocabList, p1V, p0V
ny=feedparser.parse('https://newyork.craigslist.org/search/res?format=rss') sf=feedparser.parse('https://sfbay.craigslist.org/search/apa?format=rss') print(len(ny['entries'])) print(len(sf['entries'])) vocabList, pNY, pSF = localWords(ny, sf)
25 25 the error rate is: 0.1
移除高频词,是由于语言中大部分都是冗余和结构辅助性内容。
另外一个经常使用的方法是不只移除高频词,同时从某个预约词表中移除结构上的辅助词。该词表称为停用词表。https://www.ranks.nl/stopwords
6.2 分析数据:显示地域相关的用词
最具表征性的词汇显示函数
def getTopWords(ny, sf): import operator vocabList, p0V, p1V = localWords(ny, sf) topNY = []; topSF = [] for i in range(len(p0V)): if p0V[i] > -6.0: topSF.append((vocabList[i], p0V[i])) if p1V[i] > -6.0: topNY.append((vocabList[i], p1V[i])) sortedSF = sorted(topSF, key=lambda pair: pair[1], reverse=True) print("SF**SF**SF**SF**SF**SF**SF**SF**SF**") for item in sortedSF: print(item[0]) sortedNY = sorted(topNY, key=lambda pair: pair[1], reverse=True) print("NY**NY**NY**NY**NY**NY**NY**NY**NY**") for item in sortedNY: print(item[0])
getTopWords(ny, sf)
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