目前常见的应用软件都有消息的延迟推送的影子,应用也极为普遍,例如:java
在上面两种场景中,若是咱们使用下面两种传统解决方案无疑大大下降了系统的总体性能和吞吐量:面试
首先咱们建立交换机和消息队列redis
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@Configuration
public class MQConfig {
public static final String LAZY_EXCHANGE = "Ex.LazyExchange";
public static final String LAZY_QUEUE = "MQ.LazyQueue";
public static final String LAZY_KEY = "lazy.#";
@Bean
public TopicExchange lazyExchange(){
//Map<String, Object> pros = new HashMap<>();
//设置交换机支持延迟消息推送
//pros.put("x-delayed-message", "topic");
TopicExchange exchange = new TopicExchange(LAZY_EXCHANGE, true, false, pros);
exchange.setDelayed(true);
return exchange;
}
@Bean
public Queue lazyQueue(){
return new Queue(LAZY_QUEUE, true);
}
@Bean
public Binding lazyBinding(){
return BindingBuilder.bind(lazyQueue()).to(lazyExchange()).with(LAZY_KEY);
}
}
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咱们在 Exchange 的声明中能够设置exchange.setDelayed(true)来开启延迟队列,也能够设置为如下内容传入交换机声明的方法中,由于第一种方式的底层就是经过这种方式来实现的。spring
//Map<String, Object> pros = new HashMap<>();
//设置交换机支持延迟消息推送
//pros.put("x-delayed-message", "topic");
TopicExchange exchange = new TopicExchange(LAZY_EXCHANGE, true, false, pros);
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发送消息时咱们须要指定延迟推送的时间,咱们这里在发送消息的方法中传入参数 new MessagePostProcessor() 是为了得到 Message对象,由于须要借助 Message对象的api 来设置延迟时间。数据库
import com.anqi.mq.config.MQConfig;
import org.springframework.amqp.AmqpException;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageDeliveryMode;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessagePostProcessor;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CorrelationData;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Date;
@Component
public class MQSender {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
//confirmCallback returnCallback 代码省略,请参照上一篇
public void sendLazy(Object message){
rabbitTemplate.setMandatory(true);
rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(confirmCallback);
rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(returnCallback);
//id + 时间戳 全局惟一
CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData("12345678909"+new Date());
//发送消息时指定 header 延迟时间
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(MQConfig.LAZY_EXCHANGE, "lazy.boot", message,
new MessagePostProcessor() {
@Override
public Message postProcessMessage(Message message) throws AmqpException {
//设置消息持久化
message.getMessageProperties().setDeliveryMode(MessageDeliveryMode.PERSISTENT);
//message.getMessageProperties().setHeader("x-delay", "6000");
message.getMessageProperties().setDelay(6000);
return message;
}
}, correlationData);
}
}
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咱们能够观察 setDelay(Integer i)底层代码,也是在 header 中设置 x-delay。等同于咱们手动设置 headerapi
message.getMessageProperties().setHeader("x-delay", "6000");bash
/**
* Set the x-delay header.
* @param delay the delay.
* @since 1.6
*/
public void setDelay(Integer delay) {
if (delay == null || delay < 0) {
this.headers.remove(X_DELAY);
}
else {
this.headers.put(X_DELAY, delay);
}
}
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消费端进行消费jvm
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.AmqpHeaders;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;
@Component
public class MQReceiver {
@RabbitListener(queues = "MQ.LazyQueue")
@RabbitHandler
public void onLazyMessage(Message msg, Channel channel) throws IOException{
long deliveryTag = msg.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag();
channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, true);
System.out.println("lazy receive " + new String(msg.getBody()));
}
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测试结果ide
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class MQSenderTest {
@Autowired
private MQSender mqSender;
@Test
public void sendLazy() throws Exception {
String msg = "hello spring boot";
mqSender.sendLazy(msg + ":");
}
}
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果真在 6 秒后收到了消息 lazy receive hello spring boot:post