状语从句

状语从句重点是掌握链接词便可翻译句子，掌握引导九类状语从句的有关链接词的用法特色和意义是学习状语从句的关键，只有记住链接词就可以识别是何种状语从句，从而正确分析句子的结构并理解句子的意思。

时间状语从句：

when至关于at the time(在......时刻)
1、主句通常过去时+从句通常过去时
i started my dinner when he left 他走以后，我才开始吃晚饭
2、主句通常过去时+从句过去完成时
i started my dineer when he had left
1、二两句意思区别不大，两句都表示从句动做先发生，但从句过去完成时更增强调了从句动做先发生。

下面这种和主句、从句没有关系，只与动做长短有关系，短暂动做用通常过去时，延续动做用过去进行时：
一、主句通常过去时+从句过去进行时 (during the time 当......时候)
the doorbell rang when i was telephoning。 门铃响的时候，我正在打电话
短暂动做rang用通常过去时，延续动做用过去进行时。
二、主句过去进行时+从句通常过去时 (at the time正在那时(在......时刻))
i was telephoning when the doorbell rang。 我当时正在打电话，忽然门铃响了
when + 短暂动做忽然发生时，能够加suddenly。
i was telephoning when suddenly the doorbell rang。

1)i was telephoning Harry when she arrived
2)i telephoned Harry when she arrived
只有主句时态不一样，2句强调从句动做先发生，1句强调主句是一个持续动做。

三、主句通常未来时+从句通常如今时
表示未来动做，从句通常如今时表示未来
i'ii speak to him when he arrvies
when还有用法看过去进行时学习笔记

while 意思至关于during that time(在...期间)，从句谓语动词接延续动词
when 既能够表示at that time(在...时刻，谓语短暂动词)，也能够表示during that time(在...期间,谓语延续动词)

until

until本质思惟是表示“一个（主句）动做一直持续到某一个时间点”
until前面的主句或句子的谓语必须是延续性的，until后接的从句谓语须是短暂动词或时间点
也就是：连词：主句延续动词+until+从句短暂动词
介词：延续动词+until+时间点
wait until he comes back
i will be away from my office until next Tuesday (作介词)
若主句谓语是短暂动词，则要用否认形式，not......until

一......就结构
有一些时间连词表达主句的动做和从句的动做相继发生，二者之间时间间隔不长，主句从句都用短暂动词。
从句动做先于主句动做发生:
关系连词有：as soon as,once,the minute,the moment,the instant,immediately,directly,instantly等
表示未来时，从句用通常如今时表未来，主句用通常未来时
we will leave as soon as it stops raining
表示过去的动做，主句和从句都用通常过去时
it began to rain as soon as i arrived home

其它连词例句：
it began to rain immediately i arrived home
don't trust those who leave their friends the moment they get into difficulty

主句动做先于从句动做
表示这一时间关系的连词有：hardly...when,scarcely...when和no sooner...than,通常多用来表示过去的动做，主句多用过去完成时，且常倒装，从句用通常过去时。可与as soon as等从句、主句互换。
no sooner had i arrive home than it began to rain
it began to rain as soon as i arrived home
no sooner had the storm started than all the lights went out
hardly had i arrived home when it began to rain
scarcely had i started to type my paper when the tlephone rang

地点状语从句

由where引导，表壳主句的动做发生的场所，where+陈述句

缘由状语从句

缘由状语从句有四个连词：because,for,as,since
because语气最强，只有它才能用来回答why的问句，引出的缘由通常是听话人所不知道或最感兴趣的，只有because才能被强调词如only,just或perhaps等来修饰
my friends dislike me because i'm handsome and successful

连词since表示人们已知的事情，是不需强调的缘由，因此学译为“既然”，一般放在句首
since you are an english major,i guess you can help me with this sentence
既然你是学英语专业的，我猜测你能帮我解决这个句子

as与since用法差很少，表示说话人看来理由已经很明显，不须要用because强调
as monday is a national holiday,all govenment offices will be closed
因为周一是法定假日，全部政府机关都将休息

for表示推断的理由，对前面分句的内容加以解释或说明
it rained last night,for the ground is wet this morning
昨晚下雨了，由于今天早上地都湿了

as和for引导的主、从句，两者处于平等位置
because引导的从句显得比主句重要，强调缘由
since引导的从句显得次要，而主句重要，以说明将要作什么事

介词表示因果关系：
because of ,due to,owing to 后面接名词，不能接从句

目的状语从句

连词有：so that,in order that,that
从句中常含may might can could等情态动词
in order that意为“以便”
i truned off the tv in order that my roommate could study in peace and quiet
so that 意为“以便”
when i was a child,i would take a flashlight to bed with me so that i could read comic books without my parents' knowing about it
其它例句：
we climbed high (so) that we might get a better view
目的状语从句通常在主句以后，如需强调目的状语从句，则将其置于句首
in order that my roommate could study in peace and quiet,i turned off the tv

结果状语从句

连词：so...that和such...that
从句都放在主句以后
so...that，so后面接形容词或副词
the food in our school canteen is so bad that flies go there to lose weight
such...that，such后面接名词
he is such a good teacher that everyone like him
为了强调能够将主句中的so,such引导的部分置于句首从而构成倒装结构
so fast does light gravel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed
正常语序：ligfht travels so fast that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed
so terrible was the storm that the foofs were all ripped off
正常语序：the strom was so terrible that the roofs were all ripped off
such a fool was he that he believed her
he was such a fool that he believed her

条件状语从句（真实条件句）

常见连词：if(若是),unless（除非、若是不）
其余条件状语从句连词：
suppose (that),supposing (that),providing/provided(that),so long as,as long as,on condition that等

让步状语从句

连词:though,although,even though,even if,此时，主句前不可用but，但可用yet或still
although he tried hard,yet/still he failed.
though he was inexperienced,he did a very good job
表让步介词despite,in spite of,for all
in spite of his inexperience,he did a very good job
inspite of his being inexperienced,he did a very good job

while位于句首，通常意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。

as引导的倒装句表示让步

一、形容词置句首
young as he is,he is knowledgeable 他虽然年轻，但知识渊博
二、副词置句首
much as i respect him,i can not agree with him 虽然我很是尊重他，可是我仍旧不一样意他的意见
again as he failed in doing this experiment,he didn't lose his heart 尽管他的试验再次失败了，可是他并不灰心
三、名词置句着
child as he is,he is knowledgeable
lazy a boy as he is,he is kind to help others (名词短语)
以上句型中的as可用that,though代替，但较少这样使用，不能够用although

关于介词和连词的进一步说明：
介词后面能够接名词、名词短语、动名词或what引导的从句
连词后面能够接完整的陈述句、形容词（至关于省略句）、分词（至关于省略句）等

比较状语从句

连词as用法
as...as结构前一个as是一个副词，后一个as才是比较状语从句的连词
一、as+形容词或副词+as
the work is not as difficult as you think
二、as+形容词+a(n)+可数句词单数+as
前一个as作副词修饰一个形容词，而这个形容词同时又修饰一个名词。注意不定冠词在形容词以前
Americans tend to think from small to large.let us take as simple an example as the addressing of envelopes
rarely has a technological development had as great an impact on so many aspects of social,econmic,and cultural development as the growth of electronics.
三、否认句中第一个as可用so代替
this room is not so large as the one we saw
四、为了保持句子平衡，从句还能够用倒装结构，此时结构是as...as+助动词+主语
small as it is,the ant is as much a creature as are all other animals on the earth
the computer revolution may well change society as fundamentally as did the industrial revolution

连词than用法
一、两个同类事物才能够比较，不是同类事物没法比较
he is taller than i (am)
the weather of the South is wetther than the North. 错误
the weather fo South和the North是两个大相径庭的事物，没法比较，只能用南方的天气和北方的天气这两个同类事物才能比较
二、主句中必须有比较级形式出现
there are few electronic applications more likely to raise fears regarding future employment opportunities than rebots3
３、为保持句子平衡，从句能够所有或部分倒装
结构以下：than+助动词＋主语
On the whole,ambitious students are more likely to succeed in their studies than are those with little ambition
Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics "have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S-born whites and blacks"
Ichthyosaurs had a higher chance of being preserved than did terrestrial creatures because,as marine animals,they tended to live in environments less subject to erosion

表示倍数比较三种句型结构
表示倍数关系的连词：time和twice
1.“倍数+比较级”结构：A is three times bigger(或其余形容词的比较级) than B
2.“倍数+as...as”结构：A is three times as big(或其余形容词原级) as B
3.“倍数+名词“结构：A is three times the size(或其余形容词对应的名词形式) of B

the more...,the more句型结构
表示“越...,越...”,将分句中的某个成分变为比较级以后提到句首，这个比较级部分必须是各自的分句中充当必定的成分。

1句中错误，比较级部分没有在句中充当成分。
2句正确比较级部分在句中作状语。
3句中比较级部分在分句中充当表语，至关于your words are more exact;it is easier for people to understand you。
4句中比较级部分在分句中充当宾语，也是正确的。
前半部分为从句，后半部分是主句，这就是为何前半句经常使用通常如今时态，后半句用通常未来时态，相似其余状语从句“主句用未来时，从句用通常如今时”的规则，别外，翻译成汉语时，通常先译从句，后译主句。

方式状语从句

连词：as,like,as if,as though,the way等
When in Rome,do as the Romans do 入乡随俗
Do it the way you were taught 按照教给你的那样作
He looks as though/as if he is an actor 他看上去像一个演员

like用法，这段话很经典： Work like you don't need the money. Love like you've never been hurt. Dance like nobody's watching. Sing like nobody's listening. Live like it's heaven on earth. 去工做吧，犹如你不须要金钱。 去爱吧，犹如你从不曾被伤害过。 去舞蹈吧，犹如无人在一旁观看。 去歌唱吧，犹如无人在一边谛听。 热爱生活吧，犹如这里是人间乐土。