Django REST Framework的认证方式及自定义认证

1、基于Token进行用户认证

建立相应数据库

class member_type(models.Model):
    mtype = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.mtype

class member(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    password = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    email = models.EmailField()
    user_type = models.ForeignKey("member_type")
    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.username

class member_token(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(to=member)
    token = models.CharField(max_length=64)
    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.token

    

配置路由

from abyss import views
from django.conf.urls import url

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^api/v1/auth$', views.AuthView.as_view(),name='auth'),
    url(r'^api/v1/order$', views.OrderView.as_view(),name='order'),
]

在setting文件中，添加rest framework应用

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'rest_framework',
]

配置视图认证

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
from rest_framework import exceptions
from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
import hashlib
import time

class Myauthentication(BaseAuthentication):
    '''认证类'''
    def authenticate(self, request):
        token = request._request.GET.get("token")
        token_obj = models.member_token.objects.filter(token=token).first()
        if not token_obj:
            raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed('用户认证失败')
        return (token_obj.user, token_obj)  # 这里返回值一次给request.user,request.auth

    def authenticate_header(self, request):
        pass

def make_token(user):
    ctime = str(time.time())
    hash=hashlib.md5(user.encode("utf-8"))
    hash.update(ctime.encode("utf-8"))
    return hash.hexdigest()

class AuthView(APIView):
    """登陆认证"""
    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return super(AuthView,self).dispatch(request,*args, **kwargs)
    def get(self,request, *args, **kwargs):
        return HttpResponse('get is ok')
    def post(self,request, *args, **kwargs):
        ret={'code':1000,'msg':"登陆成功",'token':None}
        try:
            user = request._request.POST.get("username")
            pwd = request._request.POST.get("password")
            obj = models.member.objects.filter(username=user,password=pwd).first()
            if not obj:
                ret['code'] = 1001
                ret['msg'] = "用户名或密码错误"
            else:
                token = make_token(user)
                models.member_token.objects.update_or_create(user=obj,defaults={"token":token})
                ret['token'] = token
        except exceptions as e:
            ret['code'] = 1002
            ret['msg'] = "请求异常"

        return JsonResponse(ret)

class OrderView(APIView):
    """查看订单信息"""

    authentication_classes = [Myauthentication,]  #添加认证
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # request.user
        # request.auth
        ret = {'code': 1003, 'msg': "你的订单已经完成", 'data': "买了一个媳妇"}
        return JsonResponse(ret, safe=True)

登陆认证，登陆后会生成token值

 

使用token进行订单查询：

2、全局自定义认证

经过对Django rest framework认证的源码分析知道，能够直接在项目的settings.py配置文件中引入自定义的认证类，便可以对全部的url进行用户认证流程

在应用app目录下建立utils包，在utils包下建立auth.py文件，内容为自定义的认证类

from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
from rest_framework import exceptions
from abyss import models

class Myauthentication(BaseAuthentication):
    '''认证类'''
    def authenticate(self, request):
        token = request._request.GET.get("token")
        token_obj = models.member_token.objects.filter(token=token).first()
        if not token_obj:
            raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed('用户认证失败')

        # restframework会将元组赋值给request,以供后面使用
        return (token_obj.user, token_obj)  # 这里返回值一次给request.user,request.auth

    def authenticate_header(self, request):
        pass

 settings.py中的REST_FRAMEWORK做为key做为配置，因此全局配置示例：

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES':['abyss.utils.auth.Myauthentication',]
}

#其中写认证的类的路径，不要在views中，这里我放在了utils目录下auth.py中

此外，由于开启了全局认证，因此每一个接口视图中：authentication_classes = [Myauthentication,] 就不须要设置了。

局部某个视图不须要认证状况，如认证AuthView应该是能够直接访问的，那就以下设置：

authentication_classes = []    #authentication_classes为空，表明不须要认证

3、配置匿名用户

匿名用户配置

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":['API.utils.auth.Authentication',]，  
    #其中写认证的类的路径，不要在views中，这里我放在了utils目录下auth.py中
    "UNAUTHENTICATED_USER": lambda:"匿名"，
    #匿名用户配置，只须要函数或类的对应的返回值，对应request.user="匿名"
    "UNAUTHENTICATED_token": None，
    #匿名token，只须要函数或类的对应的返回值，对应request.auth=None

}

4、Django rest framework内置的认证类

1.BaseAuthentication

BaseAuthentication是django rest framework为咱们提供了最基本的认证类，正如源码流程同样，该类中其中定义的两个方法authenticate和authenticate_header(认证失败返回的响应头),使用时候重写该两个方法进行认证，正如示例：

class BaseAuthentication(object):
    """
    All authentication classes should extend BaseAuthentication.
    """

    def authenticate(self, request):
        """
        Authenticate the request and return a two-tuple of (user, token).
        """
        raise NotImplementedError(".authenticate() must be overridden.")

    def authenticate_header(self, request):
        """
        Return a string to be used as the value of the `WWW-Authenticate`
        header in a `401 Unauthenticated` response, or `None` if the
        authentication scheme should return `403 Permission Denied` responses.
        """
        pass

 其它认证类：

##路径:rest_framework.authentication  BasicAuthentication #基于浏览器进行认证，浏览器弹框 SessionAuthentication #基于django的session进行认证 RemoteUserAuthentication #基于django admin中的用户进行认证，这也是官网的示例 TokenAuthentication #基于drf内部的token认证

 5、总结

1.自定义认证类：

继承BaseAuthentication，重写authenticate方法和authenticate_header(pass就能够)，authenticate()方法须要有三种状况(返回元祖、出现异常、返回none)。

2.认证配置：

#全局认证
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":['API.utils.auth.Authentication',]
}

#局部认证
authentication_classes = [BaseAuthentication,]

#是某个视图不进行认证
authentication_classes =[]