测试编号:OSPF-4网络
测试项目:OSPF的邻居创建ide
测试子项目:影响OSPF邻居创建的因素测试
测试拓扑:spa
测试过程;开启OSPForm
测试方法1:router
R5(config)#router ospf 1blog
R5(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.3 ar 0
R2(config)#router ospf 1backbone
R2(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.3 ar 1
测试1的结果:
R2#show ip ospf neighbor
R2#
*Mar 1 00:15:37.335: %OSPF-4-ERRRCV: Received invalid packet: mismatch area ID, from backbone area must be virtual-link but not found from 172.16.5.1, FastEthernet0/1
Area ID不一致,不能创建邻居
测试方法2:
R5(config)#router ospf 1
R5(config-router)#router-id 172.16.0.5
R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#router-id 172.16.0.5
测试2的结果:
R2#show ip ospf neighbor
R2#
*Mar 1 00:21:37.075: %OSPF-4-DUP_RTRID_NBR: OSPF detected duplicate router-id 172.16.0.5 from 172.16.5.1 on interface FastEthernet0/1
Router-id 重复,不能创建邻居
测试方法3:
R5(config)#router ospf 1
R5(config-router)#router-id 172.16.0.5
R5(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.3 ar 1
R5(config-router)#area 1 stub
R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#router-id 172.16.0.2
R2(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.3 ar 0
R2(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.3 ar 1
R2(config-router)#area 2 stub
测试3的结果:
R2#show ip ospf nei
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
172.16.0.1 1 FULL/DR 00:00:34 172.16.2.2 FastEthernet0/0
172.16.0.5 1 DOWN/DROTHER - 172.16.5.1 FastEthernet0/1
R2#
*Mar 1 00:48:20.731: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 172.16.0.5 on FastEthernet0/1 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Adjacency forced to reset
测试方法4:
R5(config)#router ospf 1
R5(config-router)#router-id 172.16.0.5
R5(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.3 ar 1
R5(config-router)#area 1 nssa
R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#router-id 172.16.0.2
R2(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.3 ar 0
R2(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.3 ar 1
R2(config-router)#area 2 nssa
测试4的结果:
R2#show ip ospf nei
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
172.16.0.1 1 FULL/DR 00:00:33 172.16.2.2 FastEthernet0/0
172.16.0.5 1 DOWN/DROTHER - 172.16.5.1 FastEthernet0/1
*Mar 1 00:48:20.731: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 172.16.0.5 on FastEthernet0/1 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Adjacency forced to reset
Stub、NSSA配置不一致,不能创建邻居
测试方法5:
R5(config)#inter f0/0
R5(config-if)#ip add 172.16.5.1 255.255.255.240
R5(config-if)#exit
R5(config)#router ospf 1
R5(config-router)#router-id 172.16.0.5
R5(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.15 ar 1
R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#router-id 172.16.0.2
R2(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.3 ar 1
测试5的结果:
R5#show ip ospf neighbor
*Mar 1 01:08:35.427: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 172.16.0.2 on FastEthernet0/0 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached
子网掩码不一致,不能创建邻居
测试方法6:
R5(config)#inter f0/0
R5(config-if)#ip add 172.16.5.1 255.255.255.252
R5(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-point
R5(config-if)#exit
R5(config)#router ospf 1
R5(config-router)#router-id 172.16.0.5
R5(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.3ar 1
R2(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1
R2(config-if)#ip address 172.16.5.2 255.255.255.252
R2(config-if)#ip ospf network broadcast
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#router-id 172.16.0.2
R2(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.3 ar 1
测试6的结果:
R5#show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
172.16.0.2 0 FULL/ - 00:00:34 172.16.5.2 FastEthernet0/0
R2# show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
172.16.0.1 1 FULL/DR 00:00:34 172.16.2.2 FastEthernet0/0
172.16.0.5 1 FULL/DR 00:00:30 172.16.5.1 FastEthernet0/1
点对点类型与广播类型,能够创建邻居
测试方法7:
R5(config)#inter f0/0
R5(config-if)#ip add 172.16.5.1 255.255.255.252
R5(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-point
R5(config-if)#exit
R5(config)#router ospf 1
R5(config-router)#router-id 172.16.0.5
R5(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.3ar 1
R2(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1
R2(config-if)#ip address 172.16.5.2 255.255.255.252
R2(config-if)#ip ospf network non-broadcast
R2(config-if)#exit
测试7的结果:
R2#show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
172.16.0.1 1 FULL/DR 00:00:35 172.16.2.2 FastEthernet0/0
点对点类型与非广播类型,不能够创建邻居
测试方法8:
R5(config)#inter f0/0
R5(config-if)#ip add 172.16.5.1 255.255.255.252
R5(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-point
R5(config-if)#exit
R5(config)#router ospf 1
R5(config-router)#router-id 172.16.0.5
R5(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.3ar 1
R2(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1
R2(config-if)#ip address 172.16.5.2 255.255.255.252
R2(config-if)# ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
R2(config-if)#exit
测试8的结果:
*Mar 1 01:42:18.663: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 172.16.0.5 on FastEthernet0/1 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached
点对点类型与点对多点类型,不能够创建邻居
测试方法9:
R5(config)#inter f0/0
R5(config-if)#ip add 172.16.5.1 255.255.255.252
R5(config-if)#ip ospf network broadcast
R5(config-if)#exit
R5(config)#router ospf 1
R5(config-router)#router-id 172.16.0.5
R5(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.3ar 1
R2(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1
R2(config-if)#ip address 172.16.5.2 255.255.255.252
R2(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
R2(config-if)#exit
测试9的结果:
R5#show ip ospf nei
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
172.16.0.2 1 FULL/BDR 00:00:03 172.16.5.2 FastEthernet0/0
R2#show ip ospf nei
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
172.16.0.1 1 FULL/DR 00:00:34 172.16.2.2 FastEthernet0/0
172.16.0.5 0 FULL/ - 00:00:03 172.16.5.1 FastEthernet0/1
广播多路访问类型与点对多点类型,能够创建邻居
point-to-point 点对点类型
point-to-multipoint 点对多点类型
broadcast 广播多路访问类型
non-broadcast 非广播多路访问类型
网络类型不一致,有可能创建邻居
测试方法10:
R5(config)#inter f0/0
R5(config-if)#ip ospf hello-interval 2
R2(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1
R2(config-if)#ip ospf hello-interval 1
测试10的结果:
R5#show ip ospf neighbor
*Mar 1 02:05:12.279: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 172.16.0.2 on FastEthernet0/0 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Dead timer expired
Hello时间不一致,不能创建邻居
Hello时间<1-65535>s
测试方法11:
R5(config)#inter f0/0
R5(config-if)# ip ospf dead-interval 10
R2(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1
R2(config-if)# ip ospf dead-interval 15
测试11的结果:
R5#show ip ospf neighbor
*Mar 1 02:19:00.255: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 172.16.0.2 on FastEthernet0/0 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Dead timer expired
死亡时间不一致,不能创建邻居
死亡时间<1-65535>s
预期结果:常见OSPF邻居不能创建的缘由
(1) Area ID不一致;Router-id 重复
(2) Stub、NSSA配置不一致
(3) 子网掩码不一致
(4) 网络类型不一致
(5) Hello时间、Down时间不一致
(6) DR选举问题
(7) MTU不一致
(8) OSPF邻居认证问题
测试结果:
(1) Area ID不一致;Router-id 重复
(2) Stub、NSSA配置不一致
(3) 子网掩码不一致
(4) Hello时间、Down时间不一致
(5) DR选举问题
(6) MTU不一致
(7) OSPF邻居认证问题