存储过程的特色:css
1. 存储过程是应用程序的逻辑处理单元,能够共享给多个应用程序,确保了数据访问和操做的一致性,提升了程序的维护性。只修改存储过程不用更新应用程序。 2.建立存储过程,会对其进行语法分析,而且存储在系统表syspbjects 和 syscomments。第一次执行会进行优化和编译,而且存储在高速缓存中。以后的调用就直接调取缓存中的,不须要再次编译。从而提升系统的执行效率。 3.存储过程也能够确保操做的完整性,若是用户被受权容许调用该存储过程,即便用户没有权限访问存储过程当中所参考的表和视图,也能够彻底执行该存储过程。 4.存储过程是存放在系统服务器上的,调用只须要传送一条命令便可,减小流量的消耗。
不管是触发器仍是存储过程,都是sql语句和逻辑控制语句的集合,就本质而言,触发器也是一种存储过程。 调用存储过程要保留 关键字 exec 。
存储过程分为:系统存储过程和用户自定义存储过程。sql
一下介绍几个系统存储过程:数据库
exec sp_databases; --查看数据库 exec sp_tables; --查看表 exec sp_columns student;--查看列 exec sp_helpIndex student;--查看索引 exec sp_helpConstraint student;--约束 exec sp_helptext 'sp_stored_procedures';--查看存储过程建立、定义语句 exec sp_rename student, stuInfo;--修改表、索引、列的名称 exec sp_renamedb myTempDB, myDB;--更改数据库名称 exec sp_defaultdb 'master', 'myDB';--更改登陆名的默认数据库 exec sp_helpdb;--数据库帮助,查询数据库信息 exec sp_helpdb master;
用户自定义存储过程:缓存
--语法 create proc | procedure pro_name [{@参数数据类型} [=默认值] [output], {@参数数据类型} [=默认值] [output], .... ] as SQL_statements
--不带参数 if (exists (select * from sys.objects where name = 'proc_get_student'))
drop proc proc_get_student
go
create proc proc_get_student
as
select * from student;
--调用、执行存储过程
exec proc_get_student;
--修改存储过程
alter proc proc_get_student
as
select * from student;
--带参存储过程
if (object_id('proc_find_stu', 'P') is not null)
drop proc proc_find_stu
go
create proc proc_find_stu(@startId int, @endId int)
as
select * from student where id between @startId and @endId
go
exec proc_find_stu 2, 4;
--带通配符参数存储过程
if (object_id('proc_findStudentByName', 'P') is not null)
drop proc proc_findStudentByName
go
create proc proc_findStudentByName(@name varchar(20) = '%j%', @nextName varchar(20) = '%')
as
select * from student where name like @name and name like @nextName;
go
exec proc_findStudentByName;
exec proc_findStudentByName '%o%', 't%';
--带输出参数
if (object_id('proc_getStudentRecord', 'P') is not null)
drop proc proc_getStudentRecord
go
create proc proc_getStudentRecord(
@id int, --默认输入参数
@name varchar(20) out, --输出参数
@age varchar(20) output--输入输出参数
)
as
select @name = name, @age = age from student where id = @id and sex = @age;
go
--
declare @id int,
@name varchar(20),
@temp varchar(20);
set @id = 7;
set @temp = 1;
exec proc_getStudentRecord @id, @name out, @temp output;
select @name, @temp;
print @name + '#' + @temp;
--不缓存存储过程
--WITH RECOMPILE 不缓存
if (object_id('proc_temp', 'P') is not null)
drop proc proc_temp
go
create proc proc_temp
with recompile
as
select * from student;
go
exec proc_temp;
--加密WITH ENCRYPTION
if (object_id('proc_temp_encryption', 'P') is not null)
drop proc proc_temp_encryption
go
create proc proc_temp_encryption
with encryption
as
select * from student;
go
exec proc_temp_encryption;
exec sp_helptext 'proc_temp';
exec sp_helptext 'proc_temp_encryption';
if (object_id('proc_cursor', 'P') is not null)
drop proc proc_cursor
go
create proc proc_cursor
@cur cursor varying output
as
set @cur = cursor forward_only static for
select id, name, age from student;
open @cur;
go
--调用
declare @exec_cur cursor;
declare @id int,
@name varchar(20),
@age int;
exec proc_cursor @cur = @exec_cur output;--调用存储过程
fetch next from @exec_cur into @id, @name, @age;
while (@@fetch_status = 0)
begin
fetch next from @exec_cur into @id, @name, @age;
print 'id: ' + convert(varchar, @id) + ', name: ' + @name + ', age: ' + convert(char, @age);
end
close @exec_cur;
deallocate @exec_cur;--删除游标
---存储过程、row_number完成分页if (object_id('pro_page', 'P') is not null) drop proc proc_cursorgocreate proc pro_page @startIndex int, @endIndex intas select count(*) from product; select * from ( select row_number() over(order by pid) as rowId, * from product ) temp where temp.rowId between @startIndex and @endIndexgo--drop proc pro_pageexec pro_page 1, 4----分页存储过程if (object_id('pro_page', 'P') is not null) drop proc pro_stugocreate procedure pro_stu( @pageIndex int, @pageSize int)as declare @startRow int, @endRow int set @startRow = (@pageIndex - 1) * @pageSize +1 set @endRow = @startRow + @pageSize -1 select * from ( select *, row_number() over (order by id asc) as number from student ) t where t.number between @startRow and @endRow;exec pro_stu 2, 2;