建议收藏！一文详解分布式文件系统FastDFS

时间 2020-04-14

原文原文链接

一、序

FastDFS是一个开源的轻量级分布式文件系统，它对文件进行管理，功能包括：文件存储、文件同步、文件访问（文件上传、文件下载）等，解决了大容量存储和负载均衡的问题。特别适合以文件为载体的在线服务，如相册网站、视频网站等等。
FastDFS为互联网量身定制，充分考虑了冗余备份、负载均衡、线性扩容等机制，并注重高可用、高性能等指标，使用FastDFS很容易搭建一套高性能的文件服务器集群提供文件上传、下载等服务。php

二、FastDFS介绍

是一款开源的轻量级分布式文件系统，纯C实现，支持linux、freeBSD等unix系统，这种分布式存储更适合4kb--500MB之间大小的文件存储。html

三种角色：linux

1）客户端git

2）tracker追踪服务器github

3）storage存储服务器面试

客户端请求——追踪服务器——给客户端分配一个组——最终客户端将数据写入存储组中redis

追踪服务器：主要负责调度工做，在访问时起到负载均衡的做用，在内存中记录集群中group和storage服务器的状态信息，是链接客户端与group和storage枢纽数据库

Storage server：存储服务器，文件和文件属性都保存在存储服务器上服务器

FastDFS上传机制：微信

FastDFS下载机制：

三、FastDFS安装准备

利用两台虚拟机进行模拟环境

fastdfs-1-1  192.168.1.128
fastdfs-1-1  192.168.1.129

yum install git -y

下载官网：https://github.com/happyfish100

下载安装依赖包libfastcommon.git

[root@fastdfs-1-1 src]# git clone https://github.com/happyfish100/libfastcommon.git
[root@fastdfs-1-1 src]# cd libfastcommon/
[root@fastdfs-1-1libfastcommon]# ll
total 36
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar  6 07:13 doc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7939 Mar  6 07:13 HISTORY
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  566 Mar  6 07:13 INSTALL
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1494 Mar  6 07:13 libfastcommon.spec
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3099 Mar  6 07:13 make.sh
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar  6 07:13 php-fastcommon
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2763 Mar  6 07:13 README
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Mar  6 07:13 src
[root@fastdfs-1-1 libfastcommon]# ./make.sh
[root@fastdfs-1-1 libfastcommon]# ./make.sh install

四、FastDFS安装布署

下载安装fastdfs服务

[root@fastdfs-1-1 src]# wget https://github.com/happyfish100/fastdfs/archive/V5.09.tar.gz

[root@fastdfs-1-1 src]# ll
total 336
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 335132 Mar  6 07:30 fastdfs-5.09.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root   4096 Mar  6 07:23 libfastcommon
[root@fastdfs-1-1 src]# tar zxf fastdfs-5.09.tar.gz
[root@fastdfs-1-1 src]# cd fastdfs-5.09
[root@fastdfs-1-1 fastdfs-5.09]# ./make.sh
[root@fastdfs-1-1 fastdfs-5.09]# ./make.sh install
[root@fastdfs-1-1 src]# ll /etc/fdfs/
total 24
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1461 Mar  6 07:32 client.conf.sample
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7927 Mar  6 07:32 storage.conf.sample
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  105 Mar  6 07:32 storage_ids.conf.sample
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7318 Mar  6 07:32 tracker.conf.sample

[root@fastdfs-1-1 src]# ll /usr/bin/fdfs_

fdfs_appender_test  fdfs_download_file fdfs_test1

fdfs_appender_test1  fdfs_file_info  fdfs_trackerd

fdfs_append_file  fdfs_monitor fdfs_upload_appender

fdfs_crc32  fdfs_storaged   fdfs_upload_file

fdfs_delete_file  fdfs_test

修改默认路径

[root@fastdfs-1-1 src]# sed -i 's#/usr/local/bin#/usr/bin#g' /etc/init.d/fdfs_storaged

[root@fastdfs-1-1 src]# sed -i 's#/usr/local/bin#/usr/bin#g' /etc/init.d/fdfs_trackerd

建立数据目录

[root@fastdfs-1-1 fdfs]# mkdir /fdfs/{tracker,storage} -p
[root@fastdfs-1-1 fdfs]# mkdir /fdfs/storage/base -p
[root@fastdfs-1-1 fdfs]# mkdir /fdfs/storage/store -p
[root@fastdfs-1-1 fdfs]# ll /fdfs/
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar  6 07:42 storage
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar  6 07:42 tracker

修改配置文件

[root@fastdfs-1-1 fdfs]# egrep -v "^#|^$" tracker.conf
disabled=false
bind_addr=  #绑定的IP
port=22122  #端口
connect_timeout=30
network_timeout=60
base_path=/fdfs/tracker #存储路径
max_connections=256
accept_threads=1
work_threads=4
min_buff_size = 8KB
max_buff_size = 128KB
store_lookup=2   #存储的模式
store_group=group2 # which group to upload file
store_server=0   # which storage server to upload file
store_path=0    
download_server=0  # which storage server to download file
reserved_storage_space = 10%  

# a group <= reserved_storage_space,保留的空间大小
log_level=info
run_by_group=
run_by_user=
allow_hosts=*
sync_log_buff_interval = 10
check_active_interval = 120
thread_stack_size = 64KB
storage_ip_changed_auto_adjust = true
storage_sync_file_max_delay = 86400
storage_sync_file_max_time = 300
use_trunk_file = false
slot_min_size = 256
slot_max_size = 16MB

trunk_file_size = 64MB
trunk_create_file_advance = false
trunk_create_file_time_base = 02:00
trunk_create_file_interval = 86400
trunk_create_file_space_threshold = 20G
trunk_init_check_occupying = false
trunk_init_reload_from_binlog = false
trunk_compress_binlog_min_interval = 0

use_storage_id = false
storage_ids_filename = storage_ids.conf
id_type_in_filename = ip
store_slave_file_use_link = false
rotate_error_log = false
error_log_rotate_time=00:00
rotate_error_log_size = 0
log_file_keep_days = 0
use_connection_pool = false
connection_pool_max_idle_time = 3600

http.server_port=8080
http.check_alive_interval=30
http.check_alive_type=tcp
http.check_alive_uri=/status.html

[root@fastdfs-1-2 fdfs]# /etc/init.d/fdfs_trackerd start
Starting FastDFS tracker server:
[root@fastdfs-1-2 fdfs]# lsof -i :22122
COMMAND  PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
fdfs_trac 5913 root  5u  IPv4  30701  0t0  TCP *:22122 (LISTEN)


[root@fastdfs-1-1 fdfs]# egrep -v "^#|^$" storage.conf
disabled=false
group_name=group1
bind_addr=
client_bind=true
port=23000
connect_timeout=30
network_timeout=60
heart_beat_interval=30
stat_report_interval=60
base_path=/fdfs/storage/base
max_connections=256
buff_size = 256KB
accept_threads=1
work_threads=4

disk_rw_separated = true
disk_reader_threads = 1
disk_writer_threads = 1

sync_wait_msec=50
sync_interval=0
sync_start_time=00:00
sync_end_time=23:59

write_mark_file_freq=500
store_path_count=1
store_path0=/fdfs/storage/store
subdir_count_per_path=256

tracker_server=192.168.1.128:22122
tracker_server=192.168.1.129:22122

log_level=info
run_by_group=
run_by_user=
allow_hosts= *
file_distribute_path_mode=0
file_distribute_rotate_count=100

fsync_after_written_bytes=0
sync_log_buff_interval=10
sync_binlog_buff_interval=10
sync_stat_file_interval=300
thread_stack_size=512KB
upload_priority=10
if_alias_prefix=
check_file_duplicate=0
file_signature_method=hash
key_namespace=FastDFS
keep_alive=0

use_access_log = false
rotate_access_log = false
access_log_rotate_time=00:00
rotate_error_log = false
error_log_rotate_time=00:00
rotate_access_log_size = 0
rotate_error_log_size = 0
log_file_keep_days = 0
file_sync_skip_invalid_record=false
use_connection_pool = false
connection_pool_max_idle_time = 3600
http.domain_name=
http.server_port=8888

#注：两台服务器保持一致便可

[root@fastdfs-1-1 fdfs]# /etc/init.d/fdfs_storaged start

Starting FastDFS storage server:

查看端口

[root@fastdfs-1-1 fdfs]# lsof -i :22122

COMMAND    PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME

fdfs_trac 3622 root 5u  IPv4  32395  0t0  TCP *:22122 (LISTEN)

fdfs_trac 3622 root 18w  IPv4 100079 0t0  TCP 192.168.1.128:38516->192.168.1.129:22122 (ESTABLISHED)

fdfs_trac 3622 root19u IPv4 87578 0t0 TCP 192.168.1.128:22122->192.168.1.129:40755 (ESTABLISHED)

fdfs_trac 3622 root 22u IPv4 100019 0t0 TCP 192.168.1.128:22122->192.168.1.128:46962 (ESTABLISHED)

fdfs_stor 3640 root 20u  IPv4 100042 0t0 TCP 192.168.1.128:38511->192.168.1.129:22122 (ESTABLISHED)

fdfs_stor 3640 root 21u  IPv4 100043 0t0 TCP 192.168.1.128:46962->192.168.1.128:22122 (ESTABLISHED)

[root@fastdfs-1-1 fdfs]# lsof -i :23000

COMMAND  PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME

fdfs_stor 3640 root 5u  IPv4 100024 0t0 TCP *:inovaport1 (LISTEN)

fdfs_stor 3640 root 19u  IPv4 100040 0t0 TCP 192.168.1.128:inovaport1->192.168.1.129:42800 (ESTABLISHED)

fdfs_stor 3640 root  23u  IPv4 100076 0t0  TCP 192.168.1.128:50933->192.168.1.129:inovaport1 (ESTABLISHED)

五、FastDFS客户端配置

客户端配置文件修改后以下

[root@fastdfs-1-1 ~]# egrep -v "^#|^$" /etc/fdfs/client.conf

connect_timeout=30

network_timeout=60

base_path=/tmp

tracker_server=192.168.1.128:22122

tracker_server=192.168.1.129:22122

log_level=info

use_connection_pool = false

connection_pool_max_idle_time = 3600

load_fdfs_parameters_from_tracker=false

use_storage_id = false

storage_ids_filename = storage_ids.conf

http.tracker_server_port=80

测试上传文件

[root@fastdfs-1-1 ~]# fdfs_upload_file

Usage: fdfs_upload_file <config_file> <local_filename> [storage_ip:port] [store_path_index]

[root@fastdfs-1-1 ~]# fdfs_upload_file /etc/fdfs/client.conf /etc/passwd

group1/M00/00/00/wKgBgFi9Z2aAXQdkAAAHT15G9sc8427272

返回客户端一个fileid

[root@fastdfs-1-1 data]# pwd

/fdfs/storage/store/data

默认在数据存储目录下会建立256个目录,而后在每一个目录中又建立256个目录,以下图

[root@fastdfs-1-1 00]# cd 00/

[root@fastdfs-1-1 00]# ls

wKgBgFi9Z2aAXQdkAAAHT15G9sc8427272

##刚刚上传的文件  

[root@fastdfs-1-1 00]# md5sum wKgBgFi9Z2aAXQdkAAAHT15G9sc8427272

9ced869ca031da653ee8b3b708666a28  wKgBgFi9Z2aAXQdkAAAHT15G9sc8427272

将上传的文件下载下来

[root@fastdfs-1-1 ~]# fdfs_download_file /etc/fdfs/client.conf group1/M00/00/00/wKgBgFi9Z2aAXQdkAAAHT15G9sc8427272

经过检测MD5值来判断是不是同一文件

[root@fastdfs-1-1 ~]# md5sum wKgBgFi9Z2aAXQdkAAAHT15G9sc8427272

9ced869ca031da653ee8b3b708666a28  wKgBgFi9Z2aAXQdkAAAHT15G9sc8427272

[root@fastdfs-1-1 ~]# md5sum /etc/passwd

9ced869ca031da653ee8b3b708666a28  /etc/passwd

六、FastDFS经常使用命令介绍

fdfs_appender_test ：#追加测试

fdfs_crc32           

fdfs_file_info ：#查看文件相关信息

fdfs_test ：#文件测试

fdfs_upload_appender ：#更新追加文件

fdfs_appender_test1 ：#追加文件测试

fdfs_delete_file  ：#删除文件

fdfs_monitor  ：#监控客户端

fdfs_test1   ：#测试

fdfs_upload_file ：#上传文件

fdfs_append_file ：#追加文件（先使用fdfs_upload_appender命令更新文件）

fdfs_download_file ：#下载文件

fdfs_storaged   ：#存储系统启动命令

fdfs_trackerd   ：#追踪系统启动命令

实例操做

查看文件信息

[root@fastdfs-1-1 ~]# fdfs_file_info /etc/fdfs/client.conf group1/M00/00/00/wKgBgFi9Z2aAXQdkAAAHT15G9sc8427272

source storage id: 0

source ip address: 192.168.1.128

file create timestamp: 2017-03-06 08:43:02

file size: 1871

file crc32: 1581708999 (0x5E46F6C7)

删除文件

[root@fastdfs-1-1 ~]# fdfs_delete_file /etc/fdfs/client.conf +文件ID

追加文件内容

[root@fastdfs-1-1 ~]# echo "hello" >test01.txt

[root@fastdfs-1-1 ~]# echo "world" >test02.txt    

[root@fastdfs-1-1 ~]# fdfs_upload_appender /etc/fdfs/client.conf test01.txt

group1/M00/00/00/wKgBgFi9bM6EcC2vAAAAAHcc3SA979.txt

[root@fastdfs-1-1 ~]# fdfs_download_file /etc/fdfs/client.conf group1/M00/00/00/wKgBgFi9bM6EcC2vAAAAAHcc3SA979.txt

[root@fastdfs-1-1 ~]# cat wKgBgFi9bM6EcC2vAAAAAHcc3SA979.txt

hello

[root@fastdfs-1-1 ~]# fdfs_append_file /etc/fdfs/client.conf group1/M00/00/00/wKgBgFi9bM6EcC2vAAAAAHcc3SA979.txt test02.txt

[root@fastdfs-1-1 ~]# fdfs_download_file /etc/fdfs/client.conf group1/M00/00/00/wKgBgFi9bM6EcC2vAAAAAHcc3SA979.txt

[root@fastdfs-1-1 ~]# cat wKgBgFi9bM6EcC2vAAAAAHcc3SA979.txt

hello

world

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