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每一个公司都喜好精通多种编程语言而且多才多艺的程序员。一个既能很麻利地写脚本，也能编写复杂的Java程序的程序员，确实至关有价值。因此实际上，对于高级开发者来讲，学习不止一种编程语言，几乎就是必然的要求。
目前而言，面试官愈来愈看重那些拥有多种编程语言经验的工程师。好比，同时有C++ 和Java的经验就很不错，Python和Java也是。我我的喜欢那些在C++ 或者Java方面有着丰富经验，并且能用Groovy、Perl或Python写脚本的软件工程师。
不少时候，写一个小脚本就足以快速搞定一些专有任务。我不想个人程序员们花上一成天用Java去写一个读取CSV文件的程序，或者在TCP/UDP端口抓取信息的程序，这是很浪费时间的一件事情。

为何我在文章中选择下面5种语言呢？简单实际。我是基于这些语言的用途、编程范式和流行度及表明性来选择的。
例如，若是你想找一份应用开发的工做，就不能忽视Java。一样，作与web相关的事情，就得知道无处不在的JavaScript。
在开发者职业生涯的早期，我强烈建议学习C语言。它能帮助开发者贴近系统底层，知晓那些编程的关键概念，这是隐藏在JVM或CLR底下的东西。
对于脚本语言，个人选择是Python，尽管你也可用Perl或Groovy代替。但在扩展支持方面来看，Python的表现无疑是最棒的。有不少Python模块可供选择，帮你能分分种搞定各类任务。
学习一种面向对象的语言的同时，也学习一种像Haskell或Scala这样的函数式编程语言，这能拓展你的思惟和编程认知。你能够在本文找到学习这5种语言的更多理由。
言归正传，下面就是我列出的5种每一个程序员或软件开发者都该尝试学习的编程语言。
它包含了语言的大杂烩，好比[面向对象的]语言，函数式的语言，脚本语言，提供了对底层的控制，也涵盖了普遍用于服务端开发的语言。

JavaJava是近二十年来最流行的语言之一。它统治着全球的服务端应用开发，同时在基于Anroid开发的移动应用市场，以及企业web开发领域，也占有至关一部分比重。
Java最初的构想是一次编写各类平台均能运行（write once run anywhere）。随着时间的推移，它确实作到了运行在各个平台的各个角落。
你应该学习使用Java构建健壮的、可扩展的服务端应用。你能够用Java构建多种复杂度的工程。与之相伴的，有很棒的工具、技术和社区支持。
为何你应该学Java呢？你会学到若是专一于应用层面和代码结构的设计，而不用关心特定系统的细节和内存管理。JVM帮你搞定了后面这些。

Java被许多世界上的大型组织所使用。并且可以向众多用户展现你用Java开发的Android应用。

Python
在全球范围的学校和院系，Python是教授最多的语言之一。在美国，许多学术课程中，Python已经取代了Java成为接触编程的首选语言。你将从学习Python中获得什么呢？——那将很是多。
Python既能用于写脚本，也能做为一种面向对象的语言编写大型工程。
许多流行的网站，好比Reddit，就使用基于Python的框架来构建，好比Django。近段时间，许多大型组织也转向使用基于Python的框架了。
Python也愈来愈多地用于像机器学习、人工智能、数据科学这样的新一代技术中。这也难怪，由于有基于Python的很是棒的机器学习库，好比TensorFlow、Scikit-Learn以及其余。

我我的却是在用Python写脚本。这能很快地完成一些有用的事情，好比，你能够用Python花5分钟写一个UDP消息的监听器，相比较，用Java可能就要花20分钟。
忘掉“编译、打包，而后才能使用”这些步骤。你能够直接为特定任务编写Python脚本。

JavaScript你能够用Java替代C++，用Pythont替代Ruby，可是，坦率地讲，当前没有JavaScript的替代品。在最近5年，JavaScript彻底统治了世界。
它再也不仅仅是客户端脚本语言。有了Node.js这样的库，和Angular、React这样的框架，你能够在服务端作用户界面的开发。
JavaScript的巨大成功，有一部分要归功于jQuery。它真正改变了人们在客户端使用JavaScript的方式。

做为一个在工做中使用JSP和开发基于Servlet的应用的程序员，我有许多机会同时使用jQuery和JavaScript。
有了此语言的知识，能够帮助咱们决定哪些功能应该在服务端实现，哪些该在客户端实现。好比，许多服务端的校验逻辑，就被咱们迁移到了客户端。

C / C++
若是不知道C或C++，你就不能成为真正的程序员。这听起来有点苛刻，可是个人经验之谈。
了解C的工程师或者开发者，就是比不了解C的程序员要优秀。这可不是简单的巧合。
这是你必需要了解的编程语言之一。我在求学期间学习的C语言，并在那时学到了关于编程的许多关键概念，好比结构体、数组、指针、内存管理等等。
C仍然是操做系统编程方面最受欢迎的语言，而且在这两年，给排名榜首的Java带来了强劲地冲击。直至今年，超过了Java，排在了编程语言排行榜的第一位！

它一样是最古老的主流语言之一，已经存在了近五十年。
C++ 和 C 很像，都容许你为系统和驱动编写底层代码。若是你想学习C++ 而不是C，可看看我为新手列出的C++学习路线。

ScalaScala是基于过去20年来的最佳实践而创造的语言。它是一种函数式编程语言，提供了一种跟面向对象语言不一样的编程范式。这能改进你的思惟和代码认知。
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虽然有许多函数式编程可供选择，好比Haskell。我选择Scala，由于做为一名Java开发者，我发现学习Scala比Haskell更容易。

有人也能够把学习Haskell看成一个挑战。可是从实际的角度讲，我认为学习Scala对于Java开发者来讲更有意义。

对于C++程序员，学习Haskell可能更合理。坦率讲，你能够选择任何一门函数式编程语言，但请选择一门有商业需求的比较好。