养成良好的编码习惯,一个合格的程序员须要掌握一些编写单元测试的能力。单元测试也能够总体上提高咱们的代码质量,这里介绍下 VUE 组件的单元测试。html
若是想直接经过 Demo 学习,能够跳过下面的内容, 点击这里下载示例
karma.conf.js
文件用于 karma
的配置,使用 node_modules/.bin/karma init
命令建立该文件,咱们定义以下配置:vue
// Karma configuration const webpackConfig = require('./config/webpack.test.config.js') module.exports = function(config) { config.set({ // base path that will be used to resolve all patterns (eg. files, exclude) basePath: '.', // frameworks to use // available frameworks: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-adapter frameworks: [ 'mocha' ], // list of files / patterns to load in the browser files: [ 'test/**/*.spec.js' ], // preprocess matching files before serving them to the browser // available preprocessors: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-preprocessor preprocessors: { 'test/**/*.spec.js': [ 'webpack', 'sourcemap' ] }, // webpack config webpack: webpackConfig, webpackMiddleware: { stats: 'errors-only' }, // web server port port: 9876, // enable / disable colors in the output (reporters and logs) colors: true, // level of logging // possible values: config.LOG_DISABLE || config.LOG_ERROR || config.LOG_WARN || config.LOG_INFO || config.LOG_DEBUG logLevel: config.LOG_INFO, // enable / disable watching file and executing tests whenever any file changes autoWatch: true, // start these browsers // available browser launchers: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-launcher browsers: [ 'Chrome' ], // Continuous Integration mode // if true, Karma captures browsers, runs the tests and exits singleRun: false, // Concurrency level // how many browser should be started simultaneous concurrency: Infinity }) }
frameworks
为 ['mocha']
,即便用 mocha
测试框架files
为 ['test/**/*.spec.js']
,即对 test
目录下全部的后缀为 .spec.js
文件测试preprocessors
为 {'**/*.spec.js': ['webpack', 'sourcemap']}
,即便用 webpack
,sourcemap
对全部的测试文件进行 webpack 打包browsers
为 Chrome
,即便用 Chrome 浏览器做为测试浏览器详细的关于 @vue/test-utils
用法,查看 https://vue-test-utils.vuejs.org/zh/node
import { expect } from 'chai' import { shallowMount } from '@vue/test-utils' import Header from '../src/components/Header' describe('Header', () => { const wrapper = shallowMount(Header) const header = wrapper.find('header') const h1 = wrapper.find('h1') it('有 header 标签', () => { expect(header.exists()).to.be.true }) it('有 h1 标签', () => { expect(h1.exists()).to.be.true }) it('h1 的文案为“VUE 单页模版”', () => { expect(h1.text()).to.equal('VUE 单页模版') }) it('h1 标签在 header 标签中', () => { expect(header.contains('h1')).to.be.true }) })
这里我引用 vue-single-page 的 Header
组件测试用例webpack
shallowMount
获取 wrapper
chai
断言库编写相关的测试用例i 「wdm」: Compiled successfully. 15 01 2020 18:28:13.799:INFO [karma-server]: Karma v4.4.1 server started at http://0.0.0.0:9876/ 15 01 2020 18:28:13.813:INFO [launcher]: Launching browsers Chrome with concurrency unlimited 15 01 2020 18:28:13.820:INFO [launcher]: Starting browser Chrome 15 01 2020 18:28:17.075:INFO [Chrome 79.0.3945 (Windows 10.0.0)]: Connected on socket PUKPz4iBuFzeVNSsAAAA with id 91716917 TOTAL: 4 SUCCESS
能够看到咱们的单元测试已经经过了git
测试完成后,咱们须要查看测试覆盖率报告。这须要在 webpack.test.config.js
和 karma.conf.js
中作一些配置修改程序员
const merge = require('webpack-merge') const path = require('path') const webpackCommonConfig = require('./webpack.common.config') const testConfig = { devtool: 'inline-source-map', mode: 'none', module: { rules: [ { test: /\.spec.js$/i, enforce: 'pre', use: [ { loader: 'istanbul-instrumenter-loader', options: { esModules: true } } ] } ] } } module.exports = merge(webpackCommonConfig, testConfig)
.spec.js
文件的 rules
,loader
使用 istanbul-instrumenter-loader
并开启 esModules
模式module.exports = function(config) { config.set({ // ... coverageIstanbulReporter: { reports: [ 'html', 'text' ], fixWebpackSourcePaths: true }, reporters: [ 'coverage-istanbul' ] //... }) }
reporters
为 [ 'coverage-istanbul' ]
,即便用 coverage-istanbul
reporterscoverageIstanbulReporter
配置项用于设置 coverage-istanbul
的参数,详细的参数能够参考 这里 再次执行单元测试,咱们会看到测试覆盖率的相关信息github
----------------|----------|----------|----------|----------|-------------------| File | % Stmts | % Branch | % Funcs | % Lines | Uncovered Line #s | ----------------|----------|----------|----------|----------|-------------------| All files | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | | Header.spec.js | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | | ----------------|----------|----------|----------|----------|-------------------|
也能够经过生成到 coverage
目录下的网页文件,在浏览器中查看web