Flutter 入门 - 状态管理

Dart4Flutter - 01 – 变量、类型和函数

Dart4Flutter – 02 –控制流 和异常

Dart4Flutter – 03 – 类和泛型

Dart4Flutter – 04 – 异步和库

Dart4Flutter - 拾遗01 - flutter-dart环境搭建

Dart4Flutter - 不可变性

Flutter入门 - 状态管理

Flutter 入门实例1

Flutter 入门 - Container 属性详解

Flutter 入门-本地访问-MethodChannel

Flutter 实例 - 加载更多的ListView

Flutter 实例 - 从本地到Flutter通讯 - Event Channels

flutter是一个新的跨平台框架，使用Dart语言开发。转移到新的平台,其中有一个问题：状态管理。

• 怎样将状态沿着组件向下传递
• 状态改变，怎么样刷新UI
• 怎样在不一样界面跳转以及状态同步

开始

由于咱们要演示在不一样的界面跳转，因此如今咱们建立两个文件MyHomePage.dart和MySecondPage.dart .

咱们例子具体以下：

• 在MyHomePage增长counter的值
• 跳转到MySecondPage。
• 在MySecondPage界面减小counter的值。

看起来彷佛很简单，可是咱们要找到一个方法，可使counter在两个界面之间同步。

假设如今counter=0；当咱们在MyHomePage将counter增长到2，而后跳转到MySecondPage界面，显示的counter也必须是2.

同时，假设咱们在MySecondPage界面递减两次counter，这时当用户跳转到MyHomePage，counter也应该是0。

这就是状态管理。

假设您已经知道setState()机制，用来更新UI的机制。如今咱们看看具体怎么作。

main.dart 以下：

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter_redux_example/screens/MyHomePage.dart';
void main() => runApp(new MyApp());
class MyApp extends StatefulWidget {
  
  @override
  _MyAppState createState() => new _MyAppState();
}
class _MyAppState extends State<MyApp> {
  int counter;
  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    counter = counter ?? 0;
  }
  void _decrementCounter(_) {
    setState(() {
      counter--;
      print('decrement: $counter');
    });
  }
  
  void _incrementCounter(_) {
    setState(() {
      counter++;
      print('increment: $counter');
    });
  }
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return new MaterialApp(
      title: 'Flutter Demo',
      theme: new ThemeData(
        primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
      ),
      home: new MyHomePage(
        title: 'My Home Page',
        counter: counter,
        decrementCounter: _decrementCounter,
        incrementCounter: _incrementCounter,
      ),
    );
  }
}
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如上所示， _decrementCounter() 和 _incrementCounter()分别是递增和递减counter的方法，咱们将他们当作MyHomePage的构造函数。

MyHomePage.dart 以下：

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter_redux_example/screens/MySecondPage.dart';
class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget {
  MyHomePage({
    Key key,
    this.title,
    this.counter,
    this.decrementCounter,
    this.incrementCounter
  }) : super(key: key);
  final String title;
  final int counter;
  final ValueChanged<void> decrementCounter;
  final ValueChanged<void> incrementCounter;
  @override
  _MyHomePageState createState() => new _MyHomePageState();
}
class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {
  void _onPressed() {
    widget.incrementCounter(null);
  }
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return new Scaffold(
      appBar: new AppBar(
        title: new Text(widget.title),
      ),
      body: new Center(
        child: new Column(
          mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
          children: <Widget>[
            new Text('You have pushed the button this many times:'),
            new Text(
              widget.counter.toString(),
              style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.display1,
            ),
            new RaisedButton(
              child: new Text('Next Screen'),
              onPressed: () {
                Navigator.push(
                  context,
                  new MaterialPageRoute(
                    builder: (context) => new MySecondPage(
                      widget.decrementCounter,
                      title: 'My Second Page',
                      counter: widget.counter,
                    ),
                  ),
                );
              },
            )
          ],
        ),
      ),
      floatingActionButton: new FloatingActionButton(
        onPressed: _onPressed,
        tooltip: 'Increment',
        child: new Icon(Icons.add),
      ),
    );
  }
}
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如上所示，咱们将decrementCounter()做为MySecondPage构造函数的参数，向下传递。

MySecondPage.dart 文件以下所示：

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

class MySecondPage extends StatefulWidget {
  MySecondPage(
    this.decrementCounter, 
    {Key key, this.title, this.counter}
  ): super(key: key);
  final String title;
  final int counter;
  final ValueChanged<void> decrementCounter;
  @override
  _MySecondPageState createState() => new _MySecondPageState();
}
class _MySecondPageState extends State<MySecondPage> {
  void onPressed() {
    widget.decrementCounter(null);
  }
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return new Scaffold(
      appBar: new AppBar(
        title: new Text(widget.title),
      ),
      body: new Center(
        child: new Column(
          mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
          children: <Widget>[
            new Text('You have pushed the button this many times :'),
            new Text(
              super.widget.counter.toString(),
              style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.display1,
            ),
          ],
        ),
      ),
    floatingActionButton: new FloatingActionButton(
      onPressed: onPressed,
      tooltip: 'Decrement',
      child: new Icon(Icons.indeterminate_check_box),
      backgroundColor: Colors.red),
    );
  }
}
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总结

若是您了解react，上面的内容比较容易理解。

flutter中的StatefulWidget和StatelessWidget对应react中的Component 和 PureComponent。flutter中称为Widget的，react称为Component

参考

• medium.com/@agungsurya…
• github.com/brianegan/f…
• github.com/brianegan/f…