ArrayList源码分析--jdk1.8
LinkedList源码分析--jdk1.8
HashMap源码分析--jdk1.8
AQS源码分析--jdk1.8
ReentrantLock源码分析--jdk1.8java
1. ArrayList是能够动态扩容和动态删除冗余容量的索引序列,基于数组实现的集合。
2. ArrayList支持随机访问、克隆、序列化,元素有序且能够重复。
3. ArrayList初始默认长度10,超出扩容1.5倍,使用Object[]存储各类数据类型。算法
数据结构是集合的精华所在,数据结构每每也限制了集合的做用和侧重点,了解各类数据结构是咱们分析源码的必经之路。
ArrayList的数据结构以下:数组
/* * 用数组实现的集合,支持随机访问,元素有序且能够重复 * RandomAccess(ArrayList) 支持快速随机访问,使用for循环更加快速 * LinkedList 使用 iterator迭代器更加 快速 * RandomAccess 这是一个标记接口,通常此标记接口用于 List 实现,以代表它们支持快速(一般是恒定时间)的随机访问。 * 该接口的主要目的是容许通用算法改变其行为,以便在应用于随机或顺序访问列表时提供良好的性能 * 包含类中的基础属性和3个构造方法 */ public class ArrayList<E> extends AbstractList<E> implements List<E>, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable { /** * 默认长度 10 */ private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10; /** * 默认空的数组 */ private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {}; /** * ArrayList中的元素 是Object[]类型的数组 */ transient Object[] elementData; // non-private to simplify nested class access /** * 动态数组的实际大小 ,默认为0 * @serial */ private int size; /** * 最大数组容量2147483639 */ private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8; /** * 集合长度构造函数 */ public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) { super(); if (initialCapacity < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+ initialCapacity); this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity]; } /** * 无参构造函数,设置元素数组为空 注意此时初始容量是0,而不是你们觉得的 10 */ public ArrayList() { super(); this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA; } /** * 集合参数构造函数 */ public ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) { elementData = c.toArray(); // 转化为数组 size = elementData.length; // c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652) if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class) //是否成功转化为Object类型数组 elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, Object[].class); //不为Object数组的话就进行复制 }
ArrayList extends AbstractList
AbstractList extends AbstractCollection
java中全部类都继承Object,因此ArrayList的继承结构如上图。
1. AbstractList是一个抽象类,实现了List<E>接口,List<E>定义了一些List通用方法,而AbstractList抽象类中能够有抽象方法,还能够有具体的实现方法,AbstractList实现接口中一些通用的方法,实现了基础的add/get/indexOf/iterator/subList/RandomAccessSubList方法,ArrayList再继承AbstractList,拿到通用基础的方法,而后本身在实现一些本身特有的方法,这样的好处是:让代码更简洁,继承结构最底层的类中通用的方法,减小重复代码。
2.ArrayList实现了List<E>、RandomAccess、Cloneable、Serializable接口
1)List<E>接口,ArrayList既然继承自AbstractList抽象类,而AbstractList已 经实现了List接口,那么ArrayList类为什么还要再实现List接口呢?咱们带着疑问往下看:安全
public class Demo1 extends ArrayList { public static void main(String[] args) { //返回[] System.out.println(Arrays.toString(Demo1.class.getInterfaces())); } public class Demo2 implements Serializable { public static void main(String[] args) { //返回[interface java.io.Serializable] System.out.println(Arrays.toString(Demo2.class.getInterfaces())); } public class Test{ public static void main(String[] args) { Serializable c1 = new Demo1();//未显示实现接口 Serializable c2 = new Demo2();//显示实现接口 Serializable proxy2 = createProxy(c2); proxy2.foo(); Serializable proxy1 = createProxy(c1); proxy1.foo(); } private static <T> T createProxy(final T obj) { final InvocationHandler handler = new InvocationHandler() { @Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable { return method.invoke(obj, args); } }; //实现接口代理,Demo1报错,Demo2成功 //java.lang.ClassCastException: $Proxy1 cannot be cast to //example.Test$Serializable return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(obj.getClass().getClassLoader(), obj .getClass().getInterfaces(), handler); }
能够看出这样这样设计是有道理的,所以,这并非一个错误,极可能是做者Josh Bloch为了便于实现代理而精心设计的。
参考与:开发collection 的做者Josh说
2)RandomAccess接口,这是一个标记接口,通常此标记接口用于 List 实现,以代表它们支持快速(一般是恒定时间)的随机访问,该接口的主要目的是容许通用算法改变其行为,以便在应用于随机或顺序访问列表时提供良好的性能,实现了该接口的话使用普通的for循环来遍历,性能更高,而没有实现该接口的话,使用Iterator来迭代,这样性能更高,例如linkedList。因此这个标记性只是为了让咱们知道咱们用什么样的方式去获取数据性能更好
3)Cloneable接口,可使用Object.Clone()方法。
4)Serializable接口,序列化接口,代表该类能够被序列化,什么是序列化?简单的说,就是可以从类变成字节流传输,反序列化,就是从字节流变成原来的类数据结构
1)add(E);//默认直接在末尾添加元素app
/** * 新增元素 */ public boolean add(E e) { //赋值初始长度 或者扩容,新增元素,当前实际size+1的长度 ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!! //添加元素 elementData[size++] = e; return true; } /** * 确保elemenData数组有合适的大小 * 若是元素为空,则复制长度默认为10 或者更大 * @author jiaxiaoxian * @date 2019年2月12日 */ private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) { if (elementData == EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) {//若是数组为空,则从size+1的值和默认值10中取最大的 minCapacity = Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity); } ensureExplicitCapacity(minCapacity); } /** * 确保elemenData数组有合适的大小 * @author jiaxiaoxian * @date 2019年2月12日 * 若是长度大于元素长度则扩容 */ private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) { //记录修改次数,迭代中不一致会触发fail-fast机制,所以在遍历中删除元素的正确作法应该是使用Iterator.remove() modCount++; if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0) grow(minCapacity); //扩容 } /** * 扩容 */ private void grow(int minCapacity) { int oldCapacity = elementData.length; // 旧容量 int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1); // 新容量为旧容量的1.5倍 if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0) // 新容量小于参数指定容量,修改新容量 newCapacity = minCapacity; if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0) // 新容量大于最大容量 newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity); // 指定新容量 // minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win: 拷贝扩容 elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity); } //若是小于0 就报错,若是大于最大值 则取最大值 private static int hugeCapacity(int minCapacity) { if (minCapacity < 0) // overflow throw new OutOfMemoryError(); return (minCapacity > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) ? Integer.MAX_VALUE : MAX_ARRAY_SIZE; }
2)add(int index, E element);//给指定下标,添加元素less
/** * 给指定下标,添加元素 */ public void add(int index, E element) { //判断下标是否越界 rangeCheckForAdd(index); //赋值初始长度 或者扩容 ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!! //将源数组中从index位置开始后的size-index个元素统一后移一位 System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1, size - index); //赋值 elementData[index] = element; size++; } /** * 判断下标是否越界 */ private void rangeCheckForAdd(int index) { if (index > size || index < 0) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index)); } /** * src:源数组 * srcPos:源数组要复制的起始位置 * dest:目的数组 * destPos:目的数组放置的起始位置 * length:复制的长度 * 注意:src 和 dest都必须是同类型或者能够进行转换类型的数组 */ public static native void arraycopy(Object src, int srcPos, Object dest, int destPos, int length);
3)addAll(Collection<? extends E> c);//添加Collection类型元素dom
/** * 按照指定collection的迭代器所返回的元素顺序,将该collection中的全部元素添加到此列表的尾部 */ public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) { Object[] a = c.toArray(); int numNew = a.length; ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew); // Increments modCount //将数组a[0,...,numNew-1]复制到数组elementData[size,...,size+numNew-1] System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, size, numNew); size += numNew; return numNew != 0; }
4)addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c);//指定位置,添加Collection类型元素ide
/** * 从指定的位置开始,将指定collection中的全部元素插入到此列表中,新元素的顺序为指定collection的迭代器所返回的元素顺序 */ public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) { //判断下标是否越界 rangeCheckForAdd(index); Object[] a = c.toArray(); int numNew = a.length; ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew); // Increments modCount int numMoved = size - index; //先将数组elementData[index,...,index+numMoved-1]复制到elementData[index+numMoved,...,index+2*numMoved-1] //即,将源数组中从index位置开始的后numMoved个元素统一后移numNew位 if (numMoved > 0) System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + numNew, numMoved); System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, index, numNew); size += numNew; return numNew != 0; }
总结:
正常状况下会扩容1.5倍,特殊状况下(新扩展数组大小已经达到了最大值)则只取最大值。
函数
1)remove(int index); //根据指定下标 删除元素
/** * 根据指定下标 删除元素 */ public E remove(int index) { //判断索引是否越界 rangeCheck(index); modCount++; //获取旧元素 E oldValue = elementData(index); //将数组elementData中index位置以后的全部元素向前移一位 int numMoved = size - index - 1; if (numMoved > 0) System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index, numMoved); //将原数组最后一个位置置为null,由GC清理 elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work return oldValue; }
2)remove(Object o); //根据指定元素 删除元素
/** * 移除ArrayList中首次出现的指定元素(若是存在),ArrayList中容许存放重复的元素 */ public boolean remove(Object o) { // 因为ArrayList中容许存放null,所以下面经过两种状况来分别处理。 if (o == null) { for (int index = 0; index < size; index++) if (elementData[index] == null) { //私有的移除方法,跳过index参数的边界检查以及不返回任何值 fastRemove(index); return true; } } else { for (int index = 0; index < size; index++) if (o.equals(elementData[index])) { fastRemove(index); return true; } } return false; } /* * 根据下标快速删除元素 */ private void fastRemove(int index) { modCount++; //将数组elementData中index位置以后的全部元素向前移一位 int numMoved = size - index - 1; if (numMoved > 0) System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index, numMoved); elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work } /** * 清空ArrayList,将所有的元素设为null,等待垃圾回收将这个给回收掉,因此叫clear */ public void clear() { modCount++; // clear to let GC do its work for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) elementData[i] = null; size = 0; }
3)removeAll(Collection<?> c); //删除包含在指定容器c中的全部元素
/** * 删除ArrayList中包含在指定容器c中的全部元素 */ public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) { //检查指定的对象c是否为空 Objects.requireNonNull(c); return batchRemove(c, false); } /** * 删除所有 * @author jiaxiaoxian * @date 2019年2月12日 */ private boolean batchRemove(Collection<?> c, boolean complement) { final Object[] elementData = this.elementData; int r = 0, w = 0; //读写双指针 boolean modified = false; try { for (; r < size; r++) if (c.contains(elementData[r]) == complement) //判断指定容器c中是否含有elementData[r]元素 elementData[w++] = elementData[r]; } finally { // Preserve behavioral compatibility with AbstractCollection, // even if c.contains() throws. if (r != size) { System.arraycopy(elementData, r, elementData, w, size - r); w += size - r; } if (w != size) { // clear to let GC do its work for (int i = w; i < size; i++) elementData[i] = null; modCount += size - w; size = w; modified = true; } } return modified; }
4)removeIf(Predicate<? super E> filter); //按照必定规则过滤(删除)集合中的元素
/** * 按照必定规则过滤(删除)集合中的元素 * 如:idList.removeIf(id -> id == nul); * 去掉 List idList 集合中id 为 null 的 * @param filter * @return */ @Override public boolean removeIf(Predicate<? super E> filter) { Objects.requireNonNull(filter); // figure out which elements are to be removed // any exception thrown from the filter predicate at this stage // will leave the collection unmodified int removeCount = 0; final BitSet removeSet = new BitSet(size); final int expectedModCount = modCount; final int size = this.size; for (int i=0; modCount == expectedModCount && i < size; i++) { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") final E element = (E) elementData[i]; if (filter.test(element)) { removeSet.set(i); removeCount++; } } if (modCount != expectedModCount) { throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } // shift surviving elements left over the spaces left by removed elements final boolean anyToRemove = removeCount > 0; if (anyToRemove) { final int newSize = size - removeCount; for (int i=0, j=0; (i < size) && (j < newSize); i++, j++) { i = removeSet.nextClearBit(i); elementData[j] = elementData[i]; } for (int k=newSize; k < size; k++) { elementData[k] = null; // Let gc do its work } this.size = newSize; if (modCount != expectedModCount) { throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } modCount++; } return anyToRemove; }
总结:
remove函数用户移除指定下标的元素,此时会把指定下标到数组末尾的元素向前移动一个单位,而且会把数组最后一个元素设置为null,这样是为了方便以后将整个数组不被使用时,会被GC,能够做为小的技巧使用。
/** * 覆盖指定下标元素 */ public E set(int index, E element) { //判断索引是否越界 rangeCheck(index); //获取旧元素 E oldValue = elementData(index); //覆盖为新元素 elementData[index] = element; //返回旧元素 return oldValue; } /** * 判断下标是否越界 */ private void rangeCheck(int index) { if (index >= size) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index)); }
/** * 返回指定索引的值 */ public E get(int index) { //判断索引是否越界 rangeCheck(index); return elementData(index); } /** * @author jiaxiaoxian * @date 2019年2月12日 * 返回下标元素的 值 */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") E elementData(int index) { return (E) elementData[index]; }
/** * 查找下标, 若是为null,直接和null比较,返回下标 */ public int indexOf(Object o) { if (o == null) { for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) if (elementData[i]==null) return i; } else { for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) if (o.equals(elementData[i])) return i; } return -1; } /** * 查找最后出现的下标,从大往下循环查找 */ public int lastIndexOf(Object o) { if (o == null) { for (int i = size-1; i >= 0; i--) if (elementData[i]==null) return i; } else { for (int i = size-1; i >= 0; i--) if (o.equals(elementData[i])) return i; } return -1; }
/** * 复制,返回此ArrayList 的浅拷贝 */ public Object clone() { try { ArrayList<?> v = (ArrayList<?>) super.clone(); v.elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size); v.modCount = 0; return v; } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) { // this shouldn't happen, since we are Cloneable throw new InternalError(e); } }
/** * 判断数据实际容量大小,删除自动增加后冗余的容量 * 该方法用于回收多余的内存。也就是说一旦咱们肯定集合不在添加多余的元素以后,调用 trimToSize() 方法会将实现集合的数组大小恰好调整为集合元素的大小。 * 注意:该方法会花时间来复制数组元素,因此应该在肯定不会添加元素以后在调用 */ public void trimToSize() { modCount++; if (size < elementData.length) { elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size); } }
/** * 实例化一个Itr对象,并返回 */ public Iterator<E> iterator() { return new Itr(); } /** * 内部类,相似Iterator,能够帮咱们对List进行遍历,增删改查等 */ private class Itr implements Iterator<E> { int cursor; // index of next element to return 下一个元素 int lastRet = -1; // index of last element returned; -1 if no such 当前元素 int expectedModCount = modCount; //modCount,就是为了判断是否有多个线程访问修改 public boolean hasNext() { return cursor != size; } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public E next() { checkForComodification(); int i = cursor; if (i >= size) throw new NoSuchElementException(); Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData; if (i >= elementData.length) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); cursor = i + 1; return (E) elementData[lastRet = i]; } public void remove() { if (lastRet < 0) throw new IllegalStateException(); checkForComodification(); try { ArrayList.this.remove(lastRet); cursor = lastRet; lastRet = -1; expectedModCount = modCount; } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) { throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } } @Override @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super E> consumer) { Objects.requireNonNull(consumer); final int size = ArrayList.this.size; int i = cursor; if (i >= size) { return; } final Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData; if (i >= elementData.length) { throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } while (i != size && modCount == expectedModCount) { consumer.accept((E) elementData[i++]); } // update once at end of iteration to reduce heap write traffic cursor = i; lastRet = i - 1; checkForComodification(); } final void checkForComodification() { if (modCount != expectedModCount) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } }
/** * 这个类继承了内部类Itr * 除了拥有上一个类的功能,还增长了向前遍历,增长元素,更改元素内容等功能 */ private class ListItr extends Itr implements ListIterator<E> { ListItr(int index) { super(); cursor = index; } public boolean hasPrevious() { return cursor != 0; } public int nextIndex() { return cursor; } public int previousIndex() { return cursor - 1; } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public E previous() { checkForComodification(); int i = cursor - 1; if (i < 0) throw new NoSuchElementException(); Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData; if (i >= elementData.length) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); cursor = i; return (E) elementData[lastRet = i]; } public void set(E e) { if (lastRet < 0) throw new IllegalStateException(); checkForComodification(); try { ArrayList.this.set(lastRet, e); } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) { throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } } public void add(E e) { checkForComodification(); try { int i = cursor; ArrayList.this.add(i, e); cursor = i + 1; lastRet = -1; expectedModCount = modCount; } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) { throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } } }
/** * 虽然这个类很长,其实里面的大部分方法调用都是ArrayList中的 * ListIterator在这个类中采用匿名内部类作了一点更改,不过也很相似 * 毕竟这个类就是根据ArrayList建一个子集类,就不赘述了 */ private class SubList extends AbstractList<E> implements RandomAccess { private final AbstractList<E> parent; private final int parentOffset; private final int offset; int size; SubList(AbstractList<E> parent, int offset, int fromIndex, int toIndex) { this.parent = parent; this.parentOffset = fromIndex; this.offset = offset + fromIndex; this.size = toIndex - fromIndex; this.modCount = ArrayList.this.modCount; } public E set(int index, E e) { // 检验索引是否合法 rangeCheck(index); //实现fail-fast机制 (迭代中不容许操做增删改) checkForComodification(); // 旧值 E oldValue = ArrayList.this.elementData(offset + index); // 赋新值 ArrayList.this.elementData[offset + index] = e; return oldValue; } public E get(int index) { // 检验索引是否合法 rangeCheck(index); //实现fail-fast机制 (迭代中不容许操做增删改) checkForComodification(); return ArrayList.this.elementData(offset + index); } public int size() { checkForComodification(); return this.size; } public void add(int index, E e) { rangeCheckForAdd(index); checkForComodification(); parent.add(parentOffset + index, e); this.modCount = parent.modCount; this.size++; } public E remove(int index) { rangeCheck(index); checkForComodification(); E result = parent.remove(parentOffset + index); this.modCount = parent.modCount; this.size--; return result; } protected void removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex) { checkForComodification(); parent.removeRange(parentOffset + fromIndex, parentOffset + toIndex); this.modCount = parent.modCount; this.size -= toIndex - fromIndex; } public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) { return addAll(this.size, c); } public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) { rangeCheckForAdd(index); int cSize = c.size(); if (cSize==0) return false; checkForComodification(); parent.addAll(parentOffset + index, c); this.modCount = parent.modCount; this.size += cSize; return true; } public Iterator<E> iterator() { return listIterator(); } public ListIterator<E> listIterator(final int index) { checkForComodification(); rangeCheckForAdd(index); final int offset = this.offset; return new ListIterator<E>() { int cursor = index; int lastRet = -1; int expectedModCount = ArrayList.this.modCount; public boolean hasNext() { return cursor != SubList.this.size; } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public E next() { checkForComodification(); int i = cursor; if (i >= SubList.this.size) throw new NoSuchElementException(); Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData; if (offset + i >= elementData.length) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); cursor = i + 1; return (E) elementData[offset + (lastRet = i)]; } public boolean hasPrevious() { return cursor != 0; } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public E previous() { checkForComodification(); int i = cursor - 1; if (i < 0) throw new NoSuchElementException(); Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData; if (offset + i >= elementData.length) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); cursor = i; return (E) elementData[offset + (lastRet = i)]; } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super E> consumer) { Objects.requireNonNull(consumer); final int size = SubList.this.size; int i = cursor; if (i >= size) { return; } final Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData; if (offset + i >= elementData.length) { throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } while (i != size && modCount == expectedModCount) { consumer.accept((E) elementData[offset + (i++)]); } // update once at end of iteration to reduce heap write traffic lastRet = cursor = i; checkForComodification(); } public int nextIndex() { return cursor; } public int previousIndex() { return cursor - 1; } public void remove() { if (lastRet < 0) throw new IllegalStateException(); checkForComodification(); try { SubList.this.remove(lastRet); cursor = lastRet; lastRet = -1; expectedModCount = ArrayList.this.modCount; } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) { throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } } public void set(E e) { if (lastRet < 0) throw new IllegalStateException(); checkForComodification(); try { ArrayList.this.set(offset + lastRet, e); } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) { throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } } public void add(E e) { checkForComodification(); try { int i = cursor; SubList.this.add(i, e); cursor = i + 1; lastRet = -1; expectedModCount = ArrayList.this.modCount; } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) { throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } } final void checkForComodification() { if (expectedModCount != ArrayList.this.modCount) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } }; } public List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) { subListRangeCheck(fromIndex, toIndex, size); return new SubList(this, offset, fromIndex, toIndex); } private void rangeCheck(int index) { if (index < 0 || index >= this.size) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index)); } private void rangeCheckForAdd(int index) { if (index < 0 || index > this.size) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index)); } private String outOfBoundsMsg(int index) { return "Index: "+index+", Size: "+this.size; } /** * 实现fail-fast机制 * 线程不安全 迭代中不容许修改 * @author jiaxiaoxian * @date 2019年2月12日 */ private void checkForComodification() { if (ArrayList.this.modCount != this.modCount) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } public Spliterator<E> spliterator() { checkForComodification(); return new ArrayListSpliterator<E>(ArrayList.this, offset, offset + this.size, this.modCount); } }
/** * @since 1.8 * 实例化一个ArrayListSpliterator对象,并返回 */ @Override public Spliterator<E> spliterator() { return new ArrayListSpliterator<>(this, 0, -1, 0); } /** * Index-based split-by-two, lazily initialized Spliterator * 并行迭代 * 基于索引的二分裂,懒惰初始化的Spliterator * */ static final class ArrayListSpliterator<E> implements Spliterator<E> { private final ArrayList<E> list; private int index; // current index, modified on advance/split private int fence; // -1 until used; then one past last index private int expectedModCount; // initialized when fence set /** Create new spliterator covering the given range */ ArrayListSpliterator(ArrayList<E> list, int origin, int fence, int expectedModCount) { this.list = list; // OK if null unless traversed this.index = origin; this.fence = fence; this.expectedModCount = expectedModCount; } private int getFence() { // initialize fence to size on first use int hi; // (a specialized variant appears in method forEach) ArrayList<E> lst; if ((hi = fence) < 0) { if ((lst = list) == null) hi = fence = 0; else { expectedModCount = lst.modCount; hi = fence = lst.size; } } return hi; } public ArrayListSpliterator<E> trySplit() { int hi = getFence(), lo = index, mid = (lo + hi) >>> 1; return (lo >= mid) ? null : // divide range in half unless too small new ArrayListSpliterator<E>(list, lo, index = mid, expectedModCount); } public boolean tryAdvance(Consumer<? super E> action) { if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException(); int hi = getFence(), i = index; if (i < hi) { index = i + 1; @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") E e = (E)list.elementData[i]; action.accept(e); if (list.modCount != expectedModCount) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); return true; } return false; } public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super E> action) { int i, hi, mc; // hoist accesses and checks from loop ArrayList<E> lst; Object[] a; if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException(); if ((lst = list) != null && (a = lst.elementData) != null) { if ((hi = fence) < 0) { mc = lst.modCount; hi = lst.size; } else mc = expectedModCount; if ((i = index) >= 0 && (index = hi) <= a.length) { for (; i < hi; ++i) { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") E e = (E) a[i]; action.accept(e); } if (lst.modCount == mc) return; } } throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } public long estimateSize() { return (long) (getFence() - index); } public int characteristics() { return Spliterator.ORDERED | Spliterator.SIZED | Spliterator.SUBSIZED; } }
1)ArrayList能够存放null,本质是Object[]类型的数组。 2)ArrayList区别于数组的地方在于可以自动扩展大小,其中关键的方法就是gorw()方法。 3)ArrayList因为本质是数组,因此它在数据的查询方面会很快,而在插入删除这些方面,性能降低不少, 有移动不少数据才能达到应有的效果,而LinkedList则相反。 4)ArrayList实现了RandomAccess,因此在遍历它的时候推荐使用for循环。 5)初始化数组时推荐给初始长度,反复扩容会增长时耗,影响性能效率。 6) Arrays工具类用来处理数组的工具类,Arrays.asList()方法返回的 ArrayList 数组是一个定长列表, 7) 咱们只能对其进行查看或者修改,可是不能进行添加或者删除操做,不能执行影响长度的操做, 8) 由于此ArrayList是Arrays中内部静态类,只实现了部分查看修改方法,添加和删除方法是 9) 继承AbstractList父类的空方法,此ArrayList非彼ArrayList。