ThreadLocal的使用

ThreadLocal的特色是每个线程对应的对象都只与当前线程有关,当在全局声明一个使用了ThreadLocal的对象时,在每一个线程调用它时,都会有一个本身线程对应的拷贝,而赋值则是由java

def initialValue() 或set方法来完成的安全

咱们要实现了一个Protocol层,它内部会保留一个socket链接数据结构

class ThreadLocalProtocol {
   val protocol = new ThreadLocal[ZTMultiplexedProtocol]() {
     override def initialValue(): ZTMultiplexedProtocol = {
       val zmp = ZLineStatusClient.getZmp
       zmp.openTTransport()
       zmp
     }
   }
   def getProtocol(): ZTMultiplexedProtocol = {
     protocol.get()
   }
 }


咱们在主线程进行多线程

lazy val threadLocalProtocol = new ThreadLocalProtocol

这里用不用lazy应该是同样的,由于ThreadLocal.get()调用时,才会延迟加载对象,这里是ZTMultiplexedProtocol,咱们来看看jdk源码socket

/**
   * Returns the value in the current thread's copy of this
   * thread-local variable.  If the variable has no value for the
   * current thread, it is first initialized to the value returned
   * by an invocation of the {@link #initialValue} method.
   *
   * @return the current thread's value of this thread-local
   */
  public T get() {
      Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
      ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
      if (map != null) {
          ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);
          if (e != null)
              return (T)e.value;
      }
      return setInitialValue();
  }

若是map里面已经有对象了,就返回其值,这里进行了一次强制类型转换,不然调用setInitialValue(),咱们再来看看ide

/**
    * Variant of set() to establish initialValue. Used instead
    * of set() in case user has overridden the set() method.
    *
    * @return the initial value
    */
   private T setInitialValue() {
       T value = initialValue();
       Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
       ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
       if (map != null)
           map.set(this, value);
       else
           createMap(t, value);
       return value;
   }

setInitialValue()方法其实也是对map的操做,那么这个名字叫map的东西究竟是什么呢?咱们先来看看getMap(t)是什么东西this

/**
    * Get the map associated with a ThreadLocal. Overridden in
    * InheritableThreadLocal.
    *
    * @param  t the current thread
    * @return the map
    */
   ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
       return t.threadLocals;
   }

Thread.threadLocals返回的就是ThreadLocalMap,因为Thread.currentThread()方法是native的,不得而知他是怎么初始化threadLocals变量的,根据map.set方法的代码
线程

/**
     * Set the value associated with key.
     *
     * @param key the thread local object
     * @param value the value to be set
     */
    private void set(ThreadLocal key, Object value) {
        // We don't use a fast path as with get() because it is at
        // least as common to use set() to create new entries as
        // it is to replace existing ones, in which case, a fast
        // path would fail more often than not.
        Entry[] tab = table;
        int len = tab.length;
        int i = key.threadLocalHashCode & (len-1);
        for (Entry e = tab[i];
             e != null;
             e = tab[i = nextIndex(i, len)]) {
            ThreadLocal k = e.get();
            if (k == key) {
                e.value = value;
                return;
            }
            if (k == null) {
                replaceStaleEntry(key, value, i);
                return;
            }
        }
        tab[i] = new Entry(key, value);
        int sz = ++size;
        if (!cleanSomeSlots(i, sz) && sz >= threshold)
            rehash();
    }

咱们所声明的threadLocalProtocol对象,在每一个线程set值时,用的是该线程的ThreadLocalMap,这个map能够维护多个不一样的ThreadLocal对象,也就是一对多,好比这样:scala

lazy val threadLocalProtocol1 = new ThreadLocalProtocol
  lazy val threadLocalProtocol2 = new ThreadLocalProtocol
  lazy val threadLocalProtocol3 = new ThreadLocalProtocol

在每一个线程里面调用threadLocalProtocol.getProtocol()触发ThreadLocal对象内部的get()方法,而后Thread.currentThread().threadLocals对象就维护了3个ZTMultiplexedProtocol,这里就不细说ThreadLocalMap的数据结构了,它内部采用了WeakReference,这点多是出于效率来考虑的。code

总之,在你多线程中调用set(),get()方法是,他们都是对于当前线程而言的,和其余线程没有关系了

这个功能在多线程中进行相似创建socketConnection时,至关有用

可是咱们还有疑虑,何不在每一个线程中直接 new 一个ZTMultiplexedProtocol呢?

试想一下,咱们的代码是否是有那么简单的逻辑,能够在run()方法中直接使用ZTMultiplexedProtocol,或者只有在run()中才须要ZTMultiplexedProtocol呢,这一点很是重要,加入ZTMultiplexedProtocol的对象须要被传来传去,是否是咱们要在每一个方法上都加上参数(zmp:ZTMultiplexedProtocol)呢,这个就好不麻烦了,若是有如下一个解决办法,岂不是简洁明朗多了:

Object G{
                                                           
  private class ThreadLocalProtocol {
    val protocol = new ThreadLocal[ZTMultiplexedProtocol]() {
      override def initialValue(): ZTMultiplexedProtocol = {
        val zmp = ZLineStatusClient.getZmp
        zmp.openTTransport()
        zmp
      }
    }
    def getProtocol(): ZTMultiplexedProtocol = {
      protocol.get()
    }
  }
  val hreadLocalProtocol = new ThreadLocalProtocol
}

每一个须要这个ZTMultiplexedProtocol的地方,咱们只须要这样得到

G.hreadLocalProtocol.getProtocol()

这样,不管在哪里均可以经过一个全局的对象直接得到ZTMultiplexedProtocol了,避免了代码的冗长,方法的不健康(好比,它完成的任务只是依赖了ZTMultiplexedProtocol,甚至均可能不会使用,咱们也须要在它的父接口中声明这个参数)

ThreadLocal用在链接池技术中也何尝不可,只要咱们保证线程数不会疯涨,而是控制在一个线程池中的,咱们用ThreadLocal这样的方式也是安全的

本文出自 “沐浴心情” 博客,请务必保留此出处http://lj3331.blog.51cto.com/5679179/1353702

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