Bash内置了对整数四则运算的支持,可是并不支持浮点运算,而bc命令能够很方便的进行浮点运算,固然整数运算也再也不话下。手册页上说bc是An arbitrary precision calculator language,即一个任意精度的计算语言,注意是一种语言,它提供了一些语法结构,好比条件判断、循环等,能够说是很强大的,可是我在实际中尚未找到须要这个用途的场合 。另一个用途就是用来进行进制转换。html
通常状况下,咱们使用不带任何参数的bc命令。web
bcshell
若是须要bc不输出提示信息,能够加上-q参数:windows
bc -qcentos
若是要使用强大的数学库,好比计算三角函数,须要加上-l参数:bash
bc -l函数
由于bc自己是一个命令解释器,要退出它只要直接输入quit回车或者按Ctrl+D终止。ui
[root@localhost centos39]# bc
bc 1.06
Copyright 1991-1994, 1997, 1998, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
For details type `warranty'.
3+4
7
3-4
-1
3*4
12
3/4
0
scale=2;3/4 # 保留小数点精度只对除法、取余、乘幂有效
.75
3/4
.75
3%4
0
scale=0
3%4
3
3^4
81spa
Ctrl+D
[root@localhost centos39]#命令行
[root@localhost centos39]# echo 3 * 4 | bc
(standard_in) 1: parse error
[root@localhost centos39]# echo "3 * 4" | bc
12
[root@localhost centos39]# echo "scale=7; 355/113" | bc
3.1415929
[root@localhost centos39]#
Note:以上的例子我试过了,在个人机子里(windows xp sp3)是不能正常运行的,应该是吧echo后面的双引号无掉!!!
[root@rhel55 ~]# echo "ibase=16; FFFF" | bc
65535
[root@rhel55 ~]# echo "obase=16; 1000" | bc
3E8
[root@rhel55 ~]#
[root@rhel55 ~]# cat test.bc
123*321
123/321
scale=4;123/321
[root@rhel55 ~]# bc test.bc
bc 1.06
Copyright 1991-1994, 1997, 1998, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
For details type `warranty'.
39483
0
.3831
Ctrl+D
[root@rhel55 ~]#
[root@rhel55 ~]# cat test.bc | bc
39483
0
.3831
[root@rhel55 ~]#
先复习一下初中的知识:b表示三角形的底,h表示三角形的高,那么三角形的面积计算公式是b*h/2 。
文件 :area_of_triangle.sh
#!/bin/bash # Shell program/script to read the base and height of a traingle and find its area # ------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Copyright (c) 2005 nixCraft project <http://cyberciti.biz/fb/> # This script is licensed under GNU GPL version 2.0 or above # ------------------------------------------------------------------------- # This script is part of nixCraft shell script collection (NSSC) # Visit http://bash.cyberciti.biz/ for more information. # ------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Formula info: http://www.mste.uiuc.edu/dildine/heron/triarea.html # Area=(1/2) x Base x Height echo -n "Enter base of a triangle : " read b echo -n "Enter height of a triangle : " read h # calculate it and display back area=$(echo "scale=2;(1/2) * $b * $h"|bc) echo "Area of a triangle is $area"
[root@smsgw academic]# ./area_of_triangle.sh
Enter base of a triangle : 123
Enter height of a triangle : 321
Area of a triangle is 19741.50
[root@smsgw academic]#
# usage: calc_sum <num1> <num2> # 计算两个数的和 calc_sum() { bc -q <<EOF $1+$2 EOF } # usage: calc_free <count> # 计算费用,单价0.05元 calc_fee() { bc -q <<EOF 0.05*$1 EOF }
将以上代码粘贴到终端。
[root@web ~]# # usage: calc_sum <num1> <num2>
[root@web ~]# # 计算两个数的和
[root@web ~]# calc_sum()
> {
> bc -q <<EOF
> $1+$2
> EOF
> }
[root@web ~]#
[root@web ~]# # usage: calc_free <count>
[root@web ~]# # 计算费用,单价0.05元
[root@web ~]# calc_fee()
> {
> bc -q <<EOF
> 0.05*$1
> EOF
> }
[root@web ~]#
[root@web ~]#
[root@web ~]# calc_sum 123 321
444
[root@web ~]# calc_fee 1000
50.00
[root@web ~]#
有文章称能够计算100位的圆周率pi值。
[root@web ~]# echo "scale=100; a(1)*4" | bc
Runtime error (func=(main), adr=11): Function a not defined.
[root@web ~]# echo "scale=100; a(1)*4" | bc -l 3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\ 8164062862089986280348253421170676 [root@web ~]#