Runtime源码 protocol(协议)

1、概述

协议定义了一个纲领性的接口,全部类均可以选择实现。它主要是用来定义一套对象之间的通讯规则。protocol也是咱们设计时经常使用的一个东西,相对于直接继承的方式,protocol则偏向于组合模式。他使得两个绝不相关的类可以相互通讯,从而实现特定的目标。由于OC是单继承的,因为不支持多继承,因此不少时候都是用Protocol和Category来代替实现"多继承"。html

2、底层实现

在objc4-723中protocol的定义以下:bash

struct protocol_t : objc_object {
	const char *mangledName;
    struct protocol_list_t *protocols;
    method_list_t *instanceMethods;
    method_list_t *classMethods;
    method_list_t *optionalInstanceMethods;
    method_list_t *optionalClassMethods;
    property_list_t *instanceProperties;
    uint32_t size;   // sizeof(protocol_t)
    uint32_t flags;
    // Fields below this point are not always present on disk.
    const char **_extendedMethodTypes;
    const char *_demangledName;
    property_list_t *_classProperties;

    const char *demangledName();
    ...
};

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咱们能够看到protocol继承自objc_object,里面的字段基本算是清晰,主要结构以下:app

  • mangledName 和 _demangledName
    这是来源于C++的name mangling(命名重整)技术,在C++里面用来区别重载是的函数。函数

  • protocols
    它是protocol_list_t类型的指针,保存了这个协议所遵照的协议;ui

  • instanceMethods
    实例方法列表this

  • calssMethods
    类方法列表atom

  • optionalInstanceMethods
    可选择实现的实例方法,在声明时用@optional关键字修饰的实例方法spa

  • optionalClassMethods
    可选择实现的类方法,在声明时用@optional关键字修饰的类方法设计

  • instanceProperties
    实例属性指针

  • _classProperties
    类属性,比较少见

    @property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *name;//经过实例调用
    @property (class, nonatomic, strong) NSString *className;//经过类名调用
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3、 经常使用方法

  • protocol_copyPropertyList
    runtime提供了两个方法:
objc_property_t *
protocol_copyPropertyList(Protocol *proto, unsigned int *outCount)
{
    return protocol_copyPropertyList2(proto, outCount, 
                                      YES/*required*/, YES/*instance*/);
}


objc_property_t *
protocol_copyPropertyList2(Protocol *proto, unsigned int *outCount, 
                           BOOL isRequiredProperty, BOOL isInstanceProperty)
{
    if (!proto  ||  !isRequiredProperty) {
        // Optional properties are not currently supported.
        if (outCount) *outCount = 0;
        return nil;
    }

    rwlock_reader_t lock(runtimeLock);

    property_list_t *plist = isInstanceProperty
        ? newprotocol(proto)->instanceProperties
        : newprotocol(proto)->classProperties();
    return (objc_property_t *)copyPropertyList(plist, outCount);
}

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// Optional properties are not currently supported.
这里指明了可选属性如今还不支持,这就是没有可选属性的缘由

  • conformsToProtocol()
+ (BOOL)conformsToProtocol:(Protocol *)protocol {
    if (!protocol) return NO;
    for (Class tcls = self; tcls; tcls = tcls->superclass) {
        if (class_conformsToProtocol(tcls, protocol)) return YES;
    }
    return NO;
}

- (BOOL)conformsToProtocol:(Protocol *)protocol {
    if (!protocol) return NO;
    for (Class tcls = [self class]; tcls; tcls = tcls->superclass) {
        if (class_conformsToProtocol(tcls, protocol)) return YES;
    }
    return NO;
}
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两个方法都是遍历类的继承集体,调用class_conformsToProtocol方法,其实现以下:

BOOL class_conformsToProtocol(Class cls, Protocol *proto_gen)
{
    protocol_t *proto = newprotocol(proto_gen);
    
    if (!cls) return NO;
    if (!proto_gen) return NO;

    rwlock_reader_t lock(runtimeLock);

    assert(cls->isRealized());

    for (const auto& proto_ref : cls->data()->protocols) {
        protocol_t *p = remapProtocol(proto_ref);
        if (p == proto || protocol_conformsToProtocol_nolock(p, proto)) {
            return YES;
        }
    }

    return NO;
}
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把class的protocols取出来,并与传入的protocol作比较,若是地址相同直接返回,或者协议"继承"的层级中知足条件:

/***********************************************************************
* protocol_conformsToProtocol_nolock
* Returns YES if self conforms to other.
* Locking: runtimeLock must be held by the caller.
**********************************************************************/
static bool 
protocol_conformsToProtocol_nolock(protocol_t *self, protocol_t *other)
{
    runtimeLock.assertLocked();

    if (!self  ||  !other) {
        return NO;
    }

    // protocols need not be fixed up

    if (0 == strcmp(self->mangledName, other->mangledName)) {
        return YES;
    }

    if (self->protocols) {
        uintptr_t i;
        for (i = 0; i < self->protocols->count; i++) {
            protocol_t *proto = remapProtocol(self->protocols->list[i]);
            if (0 == strcmp(other->mangledName, proto->mangledName)) {
                return YES;
            }
            if (protocol_conformsToProtocol_nolock(proto, other)) {
                return YES;
            }
        }
    }

    return NO;
}
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递归处理,对比协议的mangledName,有相同的就返回YES。

参考:
协议protocol
Protocol

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