本人只是 Android小菜一个,写技术文档只是为了总结本身在最近学习到的知识,历来不敢为人师,若是里面有些不正确的地方请你们尽情指出,谢谢!java
HandlerThread
是Android
提供用来建立含有Looper
线程的,其实在以前分析IntentService
的博文中已经看到了它的应用,再来回顾下IntentService
的启动过程:android
public void onCreate() {
// TODO: It would be nice to have an option to hold a partial wakelock
// during processing, and to have a static startService(Context, Intent)
// method that would launch the service & hand off a wakelock.
super.onCreate();
// 建立包含 Looper 的线程并启动之
HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]");
thread.start();
// 经过新线程的 Looper 建立 Handler 实例
mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();
mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);
}
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这段IntentService
的启动代码中直接使用到了HandlerThread
,但当时只是一笔带过并无仔细分析HandlerThread
的使用方法和实现原理,本文将详细讲解如何在项目中使用HandlerThread
和其内部的实现原理。shell
本文假设您对
Handler,Thread,Looper,Message 和 MessageQueue
相关知识有了必定的了解,因此涉及到它们的地方,只会稍做说明再也不深刻分析。安全
在讲解其具体使用方法前,仍是先来看下对HandlerThread
的声明:ide
/** * Handy class for starting a new thread that has a looper. The looper can then be * used to create handler classes. Note that start() must still be called. */
public class HandlerThread extends Thread { ... }
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从这段声明里能够看到:HandlerThread
可以很方便地启动一个带有looper
的线程,而这个looper
能够用来建立handler
。这句话里隐含了几点重要知识:函数
HandlerThread
是一个Thread
线程,具备线程的特性。Android
中默认线程没有looper
,若是想建立带有looper
的线程须要在建立的过程当中主动创造looper
对象。Handler
中必需要有looper
,它是整个消息查询、分发、处理的核心,在建立Handler
的过程当中能够指定任意线程的looper
对象。如今经过一个简单的示例演示下HandlerThread
的使用方法:oop
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private static final String TAG = "Android_Test";
private Button mButton;
private TextView mText;
// 新线程和与之相关联的 Handler 对象
private HandlerThread mHanderThread;
private Handler mThreadHandler;
// 和主线程相关的 Handler 对象
private Handler mUiHandler;
// 用于子线程和主线程中的消息分发
private static final int MESSAGE_CODE_GET = 1;
private static final int MESSAGE_CODE_SET = 2;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.main_button);
mButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// 主线程经过子线程 Handler 分发消息,以达到在子线程中处理耗时任务的目的。
mThreadHandler.sendEmptyMessage(MESSAGE_CODE_GET);
}
});
mText = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.main_text);
// 建立 HandlerThread 并启动新线程
mHanderThread = new HandlerThread("HandlerThread");
mHanderThread.start();
// 经过新线程中的 looper 建立相关的 Handler 对象
mThreadHandler = new Handler(mHanderThread.getLooper()) {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
Log.i(TAG, "mThreadHandler's thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
if (msg.what == MESSAGE_CODE_GET) {
try {
// 休眠 5 秒,模拟子线程处理耗时任务的过程。
Thread.sleep(5 * 1000);
} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
ie.printStackTrace();
}
// 向主线程 Handler 发送处理结果
mUiHandler.sendEmptyMessage(MESSAGE_CODE_SET);
}
}
};
mUiHandler = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
Log.i(TAG, "mUiHandler's thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
if (msg.what == MESSAGE_CODE_SET) {
// 主线程接收来自子线程的消息就行后续处理,这里是显示当前时间信息。
mText.setText(String.valueOf(SystemClock.uptimeMillis()));
}
}
};
}
}
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这个示例的主要功能是主线程中发起任务,在子线程中处理这些耗时任务,处理完成后通知主线程并更新界面,并打印出运行过程,从下面的运行结果能够看到:耗时任务确实是在子线程中执行的。post
03-01 10:04:57.311 30673 30723 I Android_Test: mThreadHandler's thread: HandlerThread
03-01 10:05:02.313 30673 30673 I Android_Test: mUiHandler's thread: main
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从上面的示例能够总结获得HandlerThread
的使用方法:学习
HandlerThread
对象并运行它,在建立过程当中须要指定线程名字;HandlerThread
对象中的looper
并经过它来构造一个子线程Handler
对象;Handler
对象向子线程分发任务;HandlerThread
和普通的Thread
的区别就在于其内部是包含Looper
的,因此咱们分析的重点就是它是怎么建立使用Looper
以及在使用后如何退出。首先来看下它的构造函数:ui
public class HandlerThread extends Thread {
// 线程优先级
int mPriority;
// 线程号
int mTid = -1;
// 线程内部的 Looper 对象
Looper mLooper;
private @Nullable Handler mHandler;
// 只指定线程名字并使用默认的线程优先级来构造 HandlerThread 对象
public HandlerThread(String name) {
super(name);
mPriority = Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_DEFAULT;
}
/** * Constructs a HandlerThread. * @param name * @param priority The priority to run the thread at. The value supplied must be from * {@link android.os.Process} and not from java.lang.Thread. */
// 同时指定线程名字和优先级来构造 HandlerThread 对象
public HandlerThread(String name, int priority) {
super(name);
mPriority = priority;
}
// 省略其余内容
...
}
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因为HandlerThread
是直接继承Thread
的,因此在经过start()
启动线程后,其中的run()
就会启动,这也是线程内部的核心方法,来看下其实现:
@Override
public void run() {
mTid = Process.myTid();
// 建立一个和当前线程有关的 Looper 对象
Looper.prepare();
synchronized (this) {
// 获得当前线程的 Looper 对象后唤醒等待
mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
notifyAll();
}
Process.setThreadPriority(mPriority);
// 调用回调方法,能够在开始消息轮询以前进行某些初始化设置,默认是空方法。
onLooperPrepared();
// 启动消息轮询,进行消息的查询分发和处理。
Looper.loop();
mTid = -1;
}
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这段代码就是HandlerThread
中建立Looper
对象并启动消息循环的核心,咱们来一步步分析其重要逻辑。
在核心代码run()
中首先看到的是Looper.prepare()
,其做用就是建立当前线程的Looper
对象:
/** Initialize the current thread as a looper. * This gives you a chance to create handlers that then reference * this looper, before actually starting the loop. Be sure to call * {@link #loop()} after calling this method, and end it by calling * {@link #quit()}. */
public static void prepare() {
prepare(true);
}
private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
}
sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
}
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在使用Looper.prepare()
建立Looper
对象的过程当中利用ThreadLocal
把这个对象和当前线程创建了关联。
ThreadLocal
是一个能够存储线程局部变量的类,若是你们感兴趣能够自行查阅相关资料,在这里就不对其进行详细讲述了。
建立完Looper
对象后会在同步代码块里去唤醒等待,那这个等待会发生在何时呢?记得示例中是经过getLooper()
获得Looper
对象的,来看下它的内部实现:
/** * This method returns the Looper associated with this thread. If this thread not been started * or for any reason isAlive() returns false, this method will return null. If this thread * has been started, this method will block until the looper has been initialized. * @return The looper. */
public Looper getLooper() {
// 线程没有启动或者已经死亡时返回 null
if (!isAlive()) {
return null;
}
// If the thread has been started, wait until the looper has been created.
synchronized (this) {
// 线程已经启动可是 Looper 对象尚未建立完成时等待
while (isAlive() && mLooper == null) {
try {
wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
}
}
// 等待结束说明此时 Looper 对象已经建立完成,返回之。
return mLooper;
}
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在这里看到当“线程已经启动可是Looper
对象尚未建立完成”时会进行等待,当建立完成时会唤醒等待,这时getLooper()
就能够返回已经建立完成的Looper
对象了。之因此须要这个“等待-唤醒”机制,由于获取Looper
是在主线程中进行的,而建立Looper
是在子线程中进行的,必须使用这个机制来完成二者的状态同步。
前面已经讲了Looper
对象的建立以及如何在主线程中获取,那么如何经过Looper.loop()
开启循环呢?
/** * Run the message queue in this thread. Be sure to call * {@link #quit()} to end the loop. */
public static void loop() {
// 获取Looper对象
final Looper me = myLooper();
if (me == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
}
// 获取消息队列
final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
// Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
// and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
// Allow overriding a threshold with a system prop. e.g.
// adb shell 'setprop log.looper.1000.main.slow 1 && stop && start'
final int thresholdOverride =
SystemProperties.getInt("log.looper."
+ Process.myUid() + "."
+ Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ ".slow", 0);
boolean slowDeliveryDetected = false;
// 开启一个无限循环来从消息队列中获取消息
for (;;) {
Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
if (msg == null) {
// No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
return;
}
// This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
final Printer logging = me.mLogging;
if (logging != null) {
logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
}
final long traceTag = me.mTraceTag;
long slowDispatchThresholdMs = me.mSlowDispatchThresholdMs;
long slowDeliveryThresholdMs = me.mSlowDeliveryThresholdMs;
if (thresholdOverride > 0) {
slowDispatchThresholdMs = thresholdOverride;
slowDeliveryThresholdMs = thresholdOverride;
}
final boolean logSlowDelivery = (slowDeliveryThresholdMs > 0) && (msg.when > 0);
final boolean logSlowDispatch = (slowDispatchThresholdMs > 0);
final boolean needStartTime = logSlowDelivery || logSlowDispatch;
final boolean needEndTime = logSlowDispatch;
if (traceTag != 0 && Trace.isTagEnabled(traceTag)) {
Trace.traceBegin(traceTag, msg.target.getTraceName(msg));
}
final long dispatchStart = needStartTime ? SystemClock.uptimeMillis() : 0;
final long dispatchEnd;
try {
// 获取到消息后,分发到 target 去处理。
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
dispatchEnd = needEndTime ? SystemClock.uptimeMillis() : 0;
} finally {
if (traceTag != 0) {
Trace.traceEnd(traceTag);
}
}
if (logSlowDelivery) {
if (slowDeliveryDetected) {
if ((dispatchStart - msg.when) <= 10) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Drained");
slowDeliveryDetected = false;
}
} else {
if (showSlowLog(slowDeliveryThresholdMs, msg.when, dispatchStart, "delivery",
msg)) {
// Once we write a slow delivery log, suppress until the queue drains.
slowDeliveryDetected = true;
}
}
}
if (logSlowDispatch) {
showSlowLog(slowDispatchThresholdMs, dispatchStart, dispatchEnd, "dispatch", msg);
}
if (logging != null) {
logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);
}
// Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
// identity of the thread wasn't corrupted.
final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
if (ident != newIdent) {
Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "
+ msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
+ msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);
}
// 回收消息对象
msg.recycleUnchecked();
}
}
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这段代码很是长,在分析的时候不须要弄懂每一行的意思,只须要了解其中关于消息的大体处理流程便可,你们若是不想去看这大段代码,只需关注添加注释的几行便可,其基本流程是:经过一个无限循环从消息队列中查询Message
消息,若是查询不到就等待,若是查询到就交给其target
来处理,最后要回收资源。
在使用HandlerThread
+Handler
在子线程处理耗时任务后而且再也不须要时,必需要退出Looper
的消息循环,能够经过quit()
:
/** * Quits the handler thread's looper. * <p> * Causes the handler thread's looper to terminate without processing any * more messages in the message queue. * </p><p> * Any attempt to post messages to the queue after the looper is asked to quit will fail. * For example, the {@link Handler#sendMessage(Message)} method will return false. * </p><p class="note"> * Using this method may be unsafe because some messages may not be delivered * before the looper terminates. Consider using {@link #quitSafely} instead to ensure * that all pending work is completed in an orderly manner. * </p> */
public boolean quit() {
Looper looper = getLooper();
if (looper != null) {
looper.quit();
return true;
}
return false;
}
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这份方法能够退出Looper
循环同时会把当前消息队列中的全部消息都抛弃,也没法再向该消息队列中发送消息。但有时咱们并不想直接清空消息队列,这时可使用另一种方式:
/** * Quits the handler thread's looper safely. * <p> * Causes the handler thread's looper to terminate as soon as all remaining messages * in the message queue that are already due to be delivered have been handled. * Pending delayed messages with due times in the future will not be delivered. * </p><p> * Any attempt to post messages to the queue after the looper is asked to quit will fail. * For example, the {@link Handler#sendMessage(Message)} method will return false. * </p><p> * If the thread has not been started or has finished (that is if * {@link #getLooper} returns null), then false is returned. * Otherwise the looper is asked to quit and true is returned. * </p> * * @return True if the looper looper has been asked to quit or false if the * thread had not yet started running. */
public boolean quitSafely() {
Looper looper = getLooper();
if (looper != null) {
looper.quitSafely();
return true;
}
return false;
}
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这个方法能够更安全地退出,它会让消息队列中的非延迟消息继续获得处理,是更推荐的退出方式。
本文介绍了HandlerThread
的使用方法并分析其源码,经过分析源码,咱们了解到了其内部Looper
的建立、获取、开启、退出的过程,加深了对HandlerThread
原理的理解,更有利于之后的使用。