以前就想学着看源码了,无奈老是半途而废,此次但愿能学完,让本身沉淀下。php
从入口文件index.php的第一行开始把,laravel
define('LARAVEL_START', microtime(true)); require __DIR__.'/../vendor/autoload.php';
第一行代码表示记录项目开始加载的时间,而后加载composer自动加载文件。bootstrap
$app = require_once __DIR__.'/../bootstrap/app.php';
这里获取app变量,这里是整个项目的应用实例,后续还会有不少地方用到他,这里先跳到app.php文件去看看.数组
app.php文件解析:缓存
$app = new Illuminate\Foundation\Application( realpath(__DIR__.'/../') );
这里把项目目录地址的绝对路径传入Application类中进行初始化,如今要跳往Application类去看下了:app
public function __construct($basePath = null) { if ($basePath) { $this->setBasePath($basePath); } $this->registerBaseBindings(); $this->registerBaseServiceProviders(); $this->registerCoreContainerAliases(); }
这个类继承自Illuminate\Container\Container,说明其实整个laravel是一个巨大的容器。composer
若是传入了项目地址,则首先经过方法setBasePath方法设置基础路径,并在此方法中调用bindPathsInContainer方法初始化一系列目录地址:ide
public function setBasePath($basePath) { $this->basePath = rtrim($basePath, '\/'); $this->bindPathsInContainer(); return $this; } protected function bindPathsInContainer() { $this->instance('path', $this->path()); $this->instance('path.base', $this->basePath()); $this->instance('path.lang', $this->langPath()); $this->instance('path.config', $this->configPath()); $this->instance('path.public', $this->publicPath()); $this->instance('path.storage', $this->storagePath()); $this->instance('path.database', $this->databasePath()); $this->instance('path.resources', $this->resourcePath()); $this->instance('path.bootstrap', $this->bootstrapPath()); }
registerBaseBindings方法以下:函数
protected function registerBaseBindings() { static::setInstance($this); $this->instance('app', $this); $this->instance(Container::class, $this); $this->instance(PackageManifest::class, new PackageManifest( new Filesystem, $this->basePath(), $this->getCachedPackagesPath() )); }
static::setInstance($this) 这个段代码是把当前类也就是Application赋值给自身的一个静态变量$instance,应该是实现了单例模式吧。post
instance 方法绑定一个已存在的对象实例到容器,随后调用容器将老是返回给定的实例.
从新回到构造函数里,$this->registerBaseServiceProviders()里注册基础的服务提供者,代码以下:
$this->register(new EventServiceProvider($this)); $this->register(new LogServiceProvider($this)); $this->register(new RoutingServiceProvider($this));
注册了事件服务提供者、日志服务提供者、路由服务提供者,这里的服务提供者都是Illuminate\Foundation\Support\Providers\ServiceProvider的子类,构造函数接受一个Application实例。
这里须要去看看register的代码是怎样的,以下:
public function register($provider, $options = [], $force = false) { if (($registered = $this->getProvider($provider)) && ! $force) { return $registered; } // If the given "provider" is a string, we will resolve it, passing in the // application instance automatically for the developer. This is simply // a more convenient way of specifying your service provider classes. if (is_string($provider)) { $provider = $this->resolveProvider($provider); } if (method_exists($provider, 'register')) { $provider->register(); } $this->markAsRegistered($provider); // If the application has already booted, we will call this boot method on // the provider class so it has an opportunity to do its boot logic and // will be ready for any usage by this developer's application logic. if ($this->booted) { $this->bootProvider($provider); } return $provider; }
已注册的服务提供者实例会放在serviceProviders这个数组里,因此开头的代码意思是 若是能从这个数组里获取到实例而且force为false 应该是非强制注册吧,那么就地返回实例,不然往下看,若是$provider变量是字符串,则调用resolveProvider解析服务提供者,并返回实例:
if (is_string($provider)) { $provider = $this->resolveProvider($provider); } public function resolveProvider($provider) { return new $provider($this); }
继续往下看:
if (method_exists($provider, 'register')) { $provider->register(); }
若是传入的服务提供者存在register方法,则调用其register方法。
接着继续往下走实例服务提供者:
$this->markAsRegistered($provider); protected function markAsRegistered($provider) { $this->serviceProviders[] = $provider; $this->loadedProviders[get_class($provider)] = true; }
这里把服务提供者的实例放入serviceProviders数组缓存,并用loadedProviders这个数组标记为已实例状态。
继续往下看,还有最后一段:
if ($this->booted) { $this->bootProvider($provider); } protected function bootProvider(ServiceProvider $provider) { if (method_exists($provider, 'boot')) { return $this->call([$provider, 'boot']); } }
这里的booted标识项目是否启动,默认为false,若是是true(也就是启动的话),则若是服务提供者里存在boot方法就会调用。
再次回到构造函数里,这里还调用了registerCoreContainerAliases方法,看名字就知道是干吗的,注册核心容器别名。
到这里Application的初始化工做就完成了,回到app.php文件吧。
$app->singleton( Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel::class, App\Http\Kernel::class ); $app->singleton( Illuminate\Contracts\Console\Kernel::class, App\Console\Kernel::class ); $app->singleton( Illuminate\Contracts\Debug\ExceptionHandler::class, App\Exceptions\Handler::class );
这里注册http请求Kernel对象、命令行Kernel对象、错误处理。
最后返回$app应用对象。
回到入口文件,往下看:
$kernel = $app->make(Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel::class); $response = $kernel->handle( $request = Illuminate\Http\Request::capture() ); $response->send(); $kernel->terminate($request, $response);
先简单说一下:
第一行从容器解析kernel对象,初始化。
第二行捕获请求。
第三行发送请求。
第四行Kernel终止。
下面详细说:
第一行实际上解析App\Http\Kernel对象,其代码并无construct构造函数,可是它集成自Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Kernel,那么咱们追踪到这个类的构造函数:
public function __construct(Application $app, Router $router) { $this->app = $app; $this->router = $router; $router->middlewarePriority = $this->middlewarePriority; foreach ($this->middlewareGroups as $key => $middleware) { $router->middlewareGroup($key, $middleware); } foreach ($this->routeMiddleware as $key => $middleware) { $router->aliasMiddleware($key, $middleware); } }
middlewarePriority这个属性表示中间件的加载顺序,若是不想默认的话能够在App\Http\Kernel对象重写这个属性。
下面的代码就是加载中间件组合中间件了。
第二,捕获请求,这里比较核心,和路由有关
会调用handle方法,此方法依旧不在App\Http\Kernel对象里,则仍是回到老地方Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Kernel对象代码:
public function handle($request) { try { $request->enableHttpMethodParameterOverride(); $response = $this->sendRequestThroughRouter($request); } catch (Exception $e) { $this->reportException($e); $response = $this->renderException($request, $e); } catch (Throwable $e) { $this->reportException($e = new FatalThrowableError($e)); $response = $this->renderException($request, $e); } $this->app['events']->dispatch( new Events\RequestHandled($request, $response) ); return $response; }
$request->enableHttpMethodParameterOverride();这里开启方法欺骗.好比在post表单模拟put、delete、patch请求。
继续看sendRequestThroughRouter这个方法。
protected function sendRequestThroughRouter($request) { $this->app->instance('request', $request); Facade::clearResolvedInstance('request'); $this->bootstrap(); return (new Pipeline($this->app)) ->send($request) ->through($this->app->shouldSkipMiddleware() ? [] : $this->middleware) ->then($this->dispatchToRouter()); }
首先把$request对象实例绑定到app容器里。
$this->bootstrap() 再进行项目初始化,初始化类以下:
1.Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\DetectEnvironment 环境配置($app['env'])
2.Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\LoadConfiguration 基本配置($app['config'])
3.Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\ConfigureLogging 日志文件($app['log'])
4.Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\HandleExceptions 错误&异常处理
5.Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\RegisterFacades 清除已解析的Facade并从新启动,注册config文件中alias定义的全部Facade类到容器
6.Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\RegisterProviders 注册config中providers定义的全部Providers类到容器
7.Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\BootProviders 调用全部已注册Providers的boot方法
app里的hasBeenBootstrapped属性标识是否初始化过,默认为false,未初始化的状况下才会运行bootstrap。
运行以上类中的bootstrap方法。
在进行路由调度以前进行一些操做
return (new Pipeline($this->app)) ->send($request) ->through($this->app->shouldSkipMiddleware() ? [] : $this->middleware) ->then($this->dispatchToRouter());
最后调用dispatchToRouter开始把请求映射到路由。
protected function dispatchToRouter() { return function ($request) { $this->app->instance('request', $request); return $this->router->dispatch($request); }; }
此函数把当前请求request对象绑定到容器中,而后由route对象来匹配路由。
先看下Illuminate\Routing\Router类吧.
public function dispatch(Request $request) { $this->currentRequest = $request return $this->dispatchToRoute($request); } public function dispatchToRoute(Request $request) { return $this->runRoute($request, $this->findRoute($request)); } protected function findRoute($request) { $this->current = $route = $this->routes->match($request); $this->container->instance(Route::class, $route); return $route; }
这里匹配路由的逻辑主要在Illuminate\Routing\RouteCollection的match方法里:
public function match(Request $request) { $routes = $this->get($request->getMethod()); $route = $this->matchAgainstRoutes($routes, $request); if (! is_null($route)) { return $route->bind($request); } $others = $this->checkForAlternateVerbs($request); if (count($others) > 0) { return $this->getRouteForMethods($request, $others); } throw new NotFoundHttpException; }
$routes = $this->get($request->getMethod());表示根据当前请求方式匹配路由。