yum扩展源、下载rpm包、源码包安装

时间 2019-12-13

标签 yum 扩展下载 rpm 源码安装栏目 Unix 繁體版

原文原文链接

7.6 yum更换国内源

恢复系统默认yum源配置：

[root@3 Packages]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
[root@3 yum.repos.d]# ls
dvd.repo
[root@3 yum.repos.d]# rm -f dvd.repo
[root@3 yum.repos.d]# ls
[root@3 yum.repos.d]# cp ../yum.repos.d.bak/* .
[root@3 yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo    CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo    CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo

自定义yum源：

[root@3 yum.repos.d]# rm -f CentOS-Base.repo

先删除默认yum源，而后使用wget命令创建新yum源：

[root@3 yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
-bash: wget: 未找到命令

此时wget命令未安装，同时删除了yum源文件，没法安装wget包。
因此用下面的方法：“curl命令”

[root@3 yum.repos.d]# curl -O http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  1572  100  1572    0     0   8959      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  8982
[root@3 yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS7-Base-163.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo    CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo         CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo

说明： 执行完curl命令后，原有yum源文件CentOS-Base.repo被替换成CentOS7-Base-163.repo。查看该yum源文件：apache

[root@3 yum.repos.d]# vim CentOS7-Base-163.repo
#
#  CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the 
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
 "CentOS7-Base-163.repo" 41L, 1572C

其镜像文件地址更换为：“baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/”。vim

注：该过程当中使用的yum源须要事先下载。centos

Finished！安全

7.7 yum下载rpm包

安装扩展源epel

安装一个扩展源文件（epel-release）便可：bash

[root@3 yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS7-Base-163.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo    CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo         CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo
[root@3 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y epel-release
……
已安装:
  epel-release.noarch 0:7-9 
  
完毕！
[root@3 yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS7-Base-163.repo  CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo         CentOS-Media.repo      epel.repo
CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo    epel-testing.repo

安装完成后，yum.repos.d/下增长“epel.repo”、“epel-testing.repo”两个文件：less

[root@3 yum.repos.d]# cat epel.repo
[epel]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch
#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/$basearch
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-7&arch=$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
……

查看：curl

[root@3 yum.repos.d]# yum list
……
zulucrypt-doc.noarch                             5.0.1-1.el7                          epel     
zulucrypt-libs.x86_64                            5.0.1-1.el7                          epel     
zvbi.x86_64                                      0.2.35-1.el7                         epel     ……

增长了不少来自epel库的rpm包。网站

下载rpm包

下载

命令：yum install -y [包名] --downloadonlyui

[root@3 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y  zsh --downloadonly
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
……
zsh-5.0.2-25.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpm                                         | 2.4 MB  00:00:02     
exiting because "Download Only" specified
[root@3 yum.repos.d]# rpm -q zsh
未安装软件包 zsh

即，该命令的含义就是只下载不安装。
下载的包默认保存位置为：this

[root@3 yum.repos.d]# ls /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/updates/packages
zsh-5.0.2-25.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpm

自定义下载目录

命令：yum install -y [包名] --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/(自定义目录)

[root@3 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y  zsh --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/
[root@3 yum.repos.d]# ls /tmp/
zsh-5.0.2-25.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpm

下载一个已经安装过的包：

[root@3 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y  vim-enhanced --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net
软件包 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-1.el7_3.1.x86_64 已安装而且是最新版本
无须任何处理
[root@3 yum.repos.d]# yum reinstall -y  vim-enhanced --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/
已加载插件：fastestmirror
……
[root@3 yum.repos.d]# ls /tmp/
vim-enhanced-7.4.160-1.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpm
zsh-5.0.2-25.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpm

说明： 当下一个已经安装过的包时系统不会执行任何操做，此时能够使用“reinstall”来下该包。

7.8-7.9 源码包安装

先下载一个源码包！
注：从此全部源码包放到目录“/usr/local/src/”！！！

[root@3 src]# wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz  
下载Apache！该地址来自于“阿铭码市”。
下载完后解压该文件：
[root@3 src]# tar zxvf httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz
[root@3 src]# ls
httpd-2.2.32  httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz

查看文件httpd-2.2.32的内容：

[root@3 src]# cd httpd-2.2.32
[root@3 httpd-2.2.32]# ls
ABOUT_APACHE  CHANGES        httpd.dsp       libhttpd.dep  NOTICE            server
acinclude.m4  config.layout  httpd.mak       libhttpd.dsp  NWGNUmakefile     srclib
Apache.dsw    configure      httpd.spec      libhttpd.mak  os                support
build         configure.in   include         LICENSE       README            test
BuildAll.dsp  docs           INSTALL         Makefile.in   README.platforms  VERSIONING
BuildBin.dsp  emacs-style    InstallBin.dsp  Makefile.win  README-win32.txt
buildconf     httpd.dep      LAYOUT          modules       ROADMAP

安装Apache：

① 
[root@3 httpd-2.2.32]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
……
checking for chosen layout... apr
checking for gcc... no
checking for cc... no

当某命令运行结束后，使用"echo $?"检验其是否正确：

[root@3 httpd-2.2.32]# echo $?
1
当该值为0时表示上一条命令正确，若是值为1则错误。
此处值为1，即上面命令错误，查看其安装过程发现“checking for gcc... no”——表示“gcc”编译器不存在，因此须要先安装gcc编译器：
[root@3 httpd-2.2.32]# yum install -y gcc
…………
完毕！
[root@3 httpd-2.2.32]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2
再次安装。
[root@3 httpd-2.2.32]# echo $?
0
检测，正确。
②
[root@3 httpd-2.2.32]# make   编译！
……
[root@3 httpd-2.2.32]# echo $?
0

③
[root@3 httpd-2.2.32]# make install
……
[root@3 httpd-2.2.32]# echo $?
0
每次命令执行完后用“echo $?”进行检测，确保其正确。
安装完成！
查看其安装目录的内容：
[root@3 httpd-2.2.32]# ls /usr/local/apache2/
bin  build  cgi-bin  conf  error  htdocs  icons  include  lib  logs  man  manual  modules

注：下载源码包要到官方网站或可信任站点——安全！