yum更换国内源、yum下载rpm包 、源码包安装

yum更换国内源

yum源默认从国外网站下载，速度相对较慢。能够更换成内容源。

步骤：ls /etc/yum.repos.d ，将CentOS-Base.repo移走或更名。

[root@glinux-01 ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d
CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo    CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo    CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo

下载CentOS7-Base-163.repo文件，命令：wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo

该命令会将文件下载到当前目录下，移动至/etc/yum.repos.d

[root@glinux-01 ~]# ls
1.txt  anaconda-ks.cfg  bad  boduo.av  CentOS7-Base-163.repo  cuowu  test.sh  zhengque

注意：最好先安装wget包，在移走CentOS-Base.repo。要不无法运行wget命令

也能够用curl -O http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo下载CentOS7-Base-163.repo文件。

yum clean all 清除缓存。

安装扩展源epel

有些源颇有用，可是自带源没有，须要安装扩展源

方法：

• yum install -y epel-release安装扩展源
• yum list|grep epel查看扩展源

 

yum下载rpm包

• yum install -y 包名 --downloadonly //只下载包，不安装。
• ls /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/  下载的包保存目录
• yum install -y 包名 --downloadonly --downloaddir=路径   （指定下载的路径）
• yum reinstall -y 包名 --downloadonly --downloaddir=路径  （reinstall从新安装）

 下载的包保存目录，从哪一个仓库下载的就在哪一个文件夹下。

[root@glinux-01 ~]# ls /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/
base  extras  timedhosts  timedhosts.txt  updates

源码包安装

示例：Apache源码包安装步骤

• cd /usr/local/src/    源码包放置地址，约定俗成的，方便寻找
• wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz //apache下载地址（地址网上找最新的）
• tar zxvf httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz
• cd httpd-2.2.32
• ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2（指定路径为/usr/local/apache2）
• make
• make install
• 卸载就是删除安装的文件

下载后解压 tar -zxvf httpd-2.4.29.tar.gz 

[root@glinux-01 src]# ls
httpd-2.4.29  httpd-2.4.29.tar.gz

[root@glinux-01 httpd-2.4.29]# ls
ABOUT_APACHE     BuildBin.dsp    emacs-style     LAYOUT        NOTICE            srclib
acinclude.m4     buildconf       httpd.dep       libhttpd.dep  NWGNUmakefile     support
Apache-apr2.dsw  CHANGES         httpd.dsp       libhttpd.dsp  os                test
Apache.dsw       CMakeLists.txt  httpd.mak       libhttpd.mak  README            VERSIONING
apache_probes.d  config.layout   httpd.spec      LICENSE       README.cmake
ap.d             configure       include         Makefile.in   README.platforms
build            configure.in    INSTALL         Makefile.win  ROADMAP
BuildAll.dsp     docs            InstallBin.dsp  modules       server

目录中文件README,INSTALL通常是安装信息 

[root@glinux-01 httpd-2.4.29]# cat INSTALL 

  APACHE INSTALLATION OVERVIEW

  Quick Start - Unix
  ------------------

  For complete installation documentation, see [ht]docs/manual/install.html or
  http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/install.html

     $ ./configure --prefix=PREFIX    //指定安装路径
     $ make                           //译成电脑识别的二进制文件
     $ make install                   //用于建立相关软件的存放目录和配置文件
     $ PREFIX/bin/apachectl start     //启动方法

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2  (还有不少选项，能够./configure --help查看)指定路径

[root@glinux-01 httpd-2.4.29]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /usr/bin/grep
checking for egrep... /usr/bin/grep -E
checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
configure: 
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...
configure: 
checking for APR... no
configure: error: APR not found.  Please read the documentation.
[root@glinux-01 httpd-2.4.29]# echo $?
1

竟然报错。。。configure: error: APR not found.  Please read the documentation.

网上搜索的解决方案：https://www.cnblogs.com/visec479/p/5160297.html

echo $? 能够检测上一条命令执行正确（0）仍是错误（1）

下载apr软件包：wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/apr/apr-1.4.5.tar.gz 

1. [root@xt test]# tar -zxf apr-1.4.5.tar.gz  解压
2. [root@xt test]# cd  apr-1.4.5  
3. [root@xt apr-1.4.5]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr  安装

又报错！

[root@glinux-01 apr-1.4.5]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
Configuring APR library
Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
APR Version: 1.4.5
checking for chosen layout... apr
checking for gcc... no
checking for cc... no
checking for cl.exe... no
configure: error: in `/usr/local/src/apr-1.4.5':
configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
See `config.log' for more details.

安装gcc    yum install gcc

从新安装 ：[root@xt apr-1.4.5]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr  安装

从新安装   ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 成功

make

make install