java模式：建造者模式

　　我发现不少源码很喜欢用这个模式，好比spring cloud，spring framework。

　　建造者模式（Builder）用以构建各类各样的对象，主要功能就是代替对象的构造函数，更加自由化。

　　举个栗子，先假设有一个问题，咱们须要建立一个学生对象，属性有name,number,class,sex,age,school等属性，若是每个属性均可觉得空，也就是说咱们能够只用一个name,也能够用一个school,name,或者一个class,number，或者其余任意的赋值来建立一个学生对象，这时该怎么构造？

　　难道咱们写6个1个输入的构造函数，15个2个输入的构造函数.......吗？这个时候就须要用到Builder模式了。

　　例子借用：https://www.cnblogs.com/malihe/p/6891920.html

public class Builder {

    static class Student{
        String name = null ;
        int number = -1 ;
        String sex = null ;
        int age = -1 ;
        String school = null ;

　　　　　//构建器，利用构建器做为参数来构建Student对象
        static class StudentBuilder{
            String name = null ;
            int number = -1 ;
            String sex = null ;
            int age = -1 ;
            String school = null ;
            public StudentBuilder setName(String name) {
                this.name = name;
                return  this ;
            }

            public StudentBuilder setNumber(int number) {
                this.number = number;
                return  this ;
            }

            public StudentBuilder setSex(String sex) {
                this.sex = sex;
                return  this ;
            }

            public StudentBuilder setAge(int age) {
                this.age = age;
                return  this ;
            }

            public StudentBuilder setSchool(String school) {
                this.school = school;
                return  this ;
            }
            public Student build() {
                return new Student(this);
            }
        }

        public Student(StudentBuilder builder){
            this.age = builder.age;
            this.name = builder.name;
            this.number = builder.number;
            this.school = builder.school ;
            this.sex = builder.sex ;
        }
    }

    public static void main( String[] args ){
        Student a = new Student.StudentBuilder().setAge(13).setName("LiHua").build();
        Student b = new Student.StudentBuilder().setSchool("sc").setSex("Male").setName("ZhangSan").build();
    }
}