yum更换源、扩展 与源码包安装

yum更换国内源

• 介绍

通常yum下载包的地址都是外国的地址，为了防止网址没法访问的事情发生，因此就给他换一个国内的地址

• 概述：正常操做

[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# yum list //上次作实验时在本地搭建了域名仓库     
[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# ls
dvd.repo
[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# rm -f dvd.repo                  //删除仓库
 [root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# cp ../yum.repos.d.bak/* . //从新复制一遍
cp: 略过目录"../yum.repos.d.bak/yum.repos.d"
[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo    CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo    CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo
[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# rm -f CentOS-Base.repo //删除这个文件
[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
bash: wget: 未找到命令                     //设置国内地址 可是刚才给删掉 一个东西 就值能用下面这个
[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# curl -O http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo //设置国内地址
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  1572  100  1572    0     0   6811      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  6834
[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# ls   //这里能看到 已经有个咱们设置的网易的地址了
CentOS7-Base-163.repo  CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo         CentOS-Media.repo
CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo
[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# vi CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# yum lixt //看一看 能用的源文件

• 报错：清除缓存

[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS7-Base-163.repo  CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo         CentOS-Media.repo
CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo  //在更名后清除缓存报错
[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# mv CentOS7-Base-163.repo CentOS7-Base-163.repo.123
[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
There are no enabled repos.
 Run "yum repolist all" to see the repos you have.
 To enable Red Hat Subscription Management repositories:
     subscription-manager repos --enable <repo>
 To enable custom repositories:
     yum-config-manager --enable <repo>
[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all  //根据提示的输入命令
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
源标识                                 源名称                                   状态
C7.0.1406-base/x86_64                  CentOS-7.0.1406 - Base                   禁用
[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS7-Base-163.repo.123  CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Vault.repo //把名字换回去 再从新清除缓存就能使用国内的源了
CentOS-CR.repo             CentOS-Media.repo
CentOS-Debuginfo.repo      CentOS-Sources.repo
[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# mv CentOS7-Base-163.repo.123 CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# yum clean all

安装扩展源

• 介绍

当安装的源不够时，就须要扩展了

• 方法

[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y epel-release

yum下载RPM包

• 介绍：

主要用来下载互联网上的包，至关于下个软件包
注：下载的包是需是未安装的包

• 方法1：普通下载

[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# yum install zsh --downloadonly  //最后表示只下载不安装

• 方法2：下载包到指定目录

[root@centos001 ~]# yum install zsh --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/
[root@centos001 ~]# ls /tmp/
zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm

• 注：下载的是一个已安装的包的时候，除了卸载再安装还能够用如下命令

[root@centos001 ~]# yum reinstall vim-enhanced --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/ //下载时从新安装

源码包安装

• 介绍

安装源码包是最经常使用的。安装时须要吧源代码编译成可执行的二进制文件。能够修改源代码的自定义设定，再按需求编译。

• 约定：安装源码包的路径

[root@centos001 ~]# cd
[root@centos001 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/  //路径名

• 要点

echo $?:用于检查上一步操做是否出错，非零就是有错误 1.下载：

[root@centos001 src]# wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.2.34.tar.gz
[root@centos001 src]# tar -zxvf httpd-2.2.34.tar.gz // 加文件名
[root@centos001 src]# ls
httpd-2.2.34         mysql-5.1.73-linux-x86_64-glibc23.tar.gz
httpd-2.2.34.tar.gz  mysql-5.1.73-linux-x86_64-glibc23.tar.gz.1
[root@centos001 src]# cd httpd-2.2.34 
[root@centos001 httpd-2.2.34]# ls
ABOUT_APACHE  config.layout  httpd.spec      LICENSE        README.platforms
acinclude.m4  configure      include         Makefile.in    README-win32.txt
Apache.dsw    configure.in   INSTALL         Makefile.win   ROADMAP
build         docs           InstallBin.dsp  modules        server
BuildAll.dsp  emacs-style    LAYOUT          NOTICE         srclib
BuildBin.dsp  httpd.dep      libhttpd.dep    NWGNUmakefile  support
buildconf     httpd.dsp      libhttpd.dsp    os             test
CHANGES       httpd.mak      libhttpd.mak    README         VERSIONING

2.安装：

[root@centos001 httpd-2.2.34]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2   //下载好后用命令安装
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu  //而后就报错了
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu

Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library ...

checking for APR... reconfig
configuring package in srclib/apr now
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
Configuring APR library
Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
APR Version: 1.5.2
checking for chosen layout... apr
checking for gcc... no  //这里能看到是由于所依赖的文件没有，因此咱们要去下载安装
checking for cc... no
checking for cl.exe... no
configure: error: in `/usr/local/src/httpd-2.2.34/srclib/apr':
configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
See `config.log' for more details
configure failed for srclib/apr
[root@centos001 httpd-2.2.34]# echo $?   //检查
1
[root@centos001 httpd-2.2.34]# yum install gcc  //安装
[root@centos001 httpd-2.2.34]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 //从新安装 源码包
[root@centos001 httpd-2.2.34]# make
[root@centos001 httpd-2.2.34]# make install

扩展

1. 配置yum源优先级

http://ask.apelearn.com/question/7168

2. 把源码包打包成rpm包
   http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-09/70096.htm