006：多实例安装
一. 多实例安装（能够同版本或异版本）
1. 多实例介绍
- 一台服务器上安装多个MySQL数据库实例
- 能够充分利用服务器的硬件资源（注意io资源）
- 经过mysqld_multi进行管理
2. 配置文件要点
[mysqld_multi]是否须要配置htmlmy.cnf上直接配置[mysqld1]、[mysqld2]、[mysqld3]实例标签，而不配置[mysqld_multi],使用mysqld_multi start 1也是能够启动数据库实例的，可是没有mysqld_safe的守护进程。因此该标签须要配置python若是在
[client]和[mysqld_multi]标签中同时存在user和password, 则在关闭数据库实例中会使用[mysqld_multi]中的user去关闭。mysql
(
存在精确匹配的标签，则优先使用精确匹配标签下的配置项)linuxmulti_admin用户的做用
经过官方文档中咱们看到，'multi_admin'@'localhost'这个用户主要的做用是用来关闭数据库实例，由于文档中只受权了SHUTDOWN权限。因此在[mysqld_multi]标签下，咱们须要配置user和password来进行关闭数据库实例。可是实际上有bug，还不如用（mysqld_multi --user=root --password=iforgot stop 1）受权有足够权限，这个权限还在摸索中，哪位有验证提供一下，谢谢！c++
3. 环境说明
mysqld1-- MySQL 5.7.18mysqld2-- MySQL 5.7.18mysqld3-- MySQL 5.6.36
4. 配置说明
- MySQL实例1
mysqld1(MySQL 5.7.18)- port = 33016
- datadir = /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33016
- socket = /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33016/mysql.sock
- MySQL实例2
mysqld2(MySQL 5.7.18)- port = 33026
- datadir = /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33026
- socket = /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33026/mysql.sock
- MySQL实例3
mysqld3(MySQL 5.6.36)- port = 33036
- datadir = /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33036
- socket = /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33036/mysql.sock
这三个参数必须定制且必须不一样 (port / datadir / socket)sql
server-id和多数据库实例没有关系，和数据库复制有关系。
注意MySQL5.6.36的plugin_dir的路径数据库
配置说明：bash
- 1：配置的标签顺序没有关系，不会影响最终配置的有效性。
- 2：同类型标签中的配置项会合并，造成一个大的配置项
- 3：
匹配度高的标签中的配置项的值，会覆盖掉匹配度低的标签中的配置项的值
[mysqldN]中的配置项会和[mysqld]中的配置项进行合并，而且[mysqldN]中已有的配置项的值，会覆盖掉[mysqld]中的配置项的值,如datadir, port等服务器
- 配置文件
#==========================================================
# 多实例配置文件
#==========================================================
[client] # 这个标签若是配置了用户和密码，
# 而且[mysqld_multi]下没有配置用户名密码，
# 则mysqld_multi stop时, 会使用这个密码
# 若是没有精确的匹配，则匹配[client]标签
user = root
password = iforgot
[mysqld_multi]
mysqld =/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin =/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
log = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld_multi.log
user = multi_admin
pass = 123456
# 官方文档中写的password，可是存在bug，须要改为pass(v5.7.18)
# 写成password，start时正常，stop时，报以下错误
# Access denied for user 'multi_admin'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
###############################################################
################################################################
[mysqld1] # mysqld后面的数字为GNR, 是该实例的标识（mysqld_multi start 1）
server-id = 33016
mysqld = mysqld
mysqladmin = mysqladmin
group_concat_max_len = 102400
user = mysql
port = 33016
socket = /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33016/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33016/data
pid_file = /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33016/data/mysql.pid
log_error = /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33016/logs/mysql_error.log
log_bin = /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33016/logs/binlog
slow_query_log_file = /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33016/logs/slow.log
log_timestamps = system
################################################################
################################################################
[mysqld2]
server-id = 33026
mysqld = mysqld
mysqladmin = mysqladmin
user = mysql
port = 33026
socket = /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33026/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33026/data/
pid_file = /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33026/data/mysql.pid
log_error = /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33026/logs/mysql_error.log
log_bin = /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33026/logs/binlog
slow_query_log_file = /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33026/logs/slow.log
log_timestamps = system
################################################################
################################################################
[mysqld3]
server-id = 33036
mysqld = /usr/local/mysql56/bin/mysqld
mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql56/bin/mysqladmin
user = mysql
port = 33036
socket = /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33036/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/mysql56
datadir = /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33036/data
pid_file = /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33036/data/mysql.pid
log_error = /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33036/logs/mysql_error.log
log_bin = /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33036/logs/binlog
slow_query_log_file = /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33036/logs/slowlogs/slow.log
plugin_dir = /usr/local/mysql56/lib/plugin
################################################################
################################################################
[mysqld]
wait_timeout = 31536000
#interactive_timeout = 600
sql_mode = "STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,NO_ZERO_DATE,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER"
skip_name_resolve = 1
lower_case_table_names = 0
character-set-server = utf8
#auto_increment_increment = 1
#auto_increment_offset = 1
init_connect = 'set name utf8;'
#log_timestamps = system
tmpdir = /r2/mysqldata
#plugin_dir = /usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin
#==========================================================
#bin setting
#==========================================================
binlog_format = MIXED
log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1
binlog_cache_size = 64M
max_binlog_cache_size = 1G
max_binlog_size = 512M
expire_logs_days = 7
#==========================================================
# replication relay-log
#==========================================================
log-slave-updates = 1
slave-net-timeout = 60
sync-master-info = 1
sync-relay-log = 1
sync-relay-log-info = 1
#==========================================================
#no need to sync database
#==========================================================
binlog-ignore-db = test
binlog-ignore-db = information_schema
binlog-ignore-db = mysql
#==========================================================
#performance setting
#==========================================================
open_files_limit = 1024000
max_connections = 1000
max_user_connections = 9990
max_connect_errors = 100000
table_open_cache = 1024
max_allowed_packet = 32M
thread_cache_size = 64
max_heap_table_size = 16M
query_cache_type = 0
###global cache ###
key_buffer_size = 16M
query_cache_size = 0
###session cache ###
sort_buffer_size = 8M #排序缓冲
join_buffer_size = 4M #表链接缓冲
read_buffer_size = 8M #顺序读缓冲
read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M #随机读缓冲
tmp_table_size = 32M #内存临时表
binlog_cache_size = 4M #二进制日志缓冲
thread_stack = 256KB #线程的堆栈的大小
#==========================================================
#innodb setting
#==========================================================
default-storage-engine = InnoDB
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M
innodb_open_files = 1000
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_log_file_size = 128M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M:autoextend
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 5
innodb_io_capacity = 1000
innodb_io_capacity_max = 20000
innodb_large_prefix = 0
innodb_thread_concurrency = 64
innodb_strict_mode = OFF
innodb_sort_buffer_size = 4194304
innodb_file_format = Barracuda
innodb_file_format_max = Barracuda
#==========================================================
#slow setting
#==========================================================
slow-query-log = on
long_query_time = 1
[mysqld-5.7]
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_pct = 40
innodb_page_cleaners = 4
innodb_undo_log_truncate = 1
innodb_max_undo_log_size = 1G # 该参数减少到1G
innodb_purge_rseg_truncate_frequency = 128
binlog_gtid_simple_recovery = 1
log_timestamps = system
transaction_write_set_extraction= MURMUR32
show_compatibility_56 = on
5. 安装多实例
yum remove MariaDB-common MariaDB-compat MariaDB-server --rhel7删除mariadb
yum install gcc gcc-c++ bzip2 bzip2-devel bzip2-libs python-devel -y --安装mysql环境包
tar zxvf mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ --解压mysql到/usr/local目录
tar zxvf mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ --同上
cd /usr/local/
ln -s mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/ mysql --建立软链接
ln -s mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/ mysql56 --同上
groupadd mysql && useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql --添加用户
mkdir -p /r2/mysqldata/ --建立主目录
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql --受权访问mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64
chown -R mysql:mysql /r2/mysqldata/ --同上
chmod 750 /r2/mysqldata/ --添加权限
chmod 750 /usr/local/mysql --同上
mv /tmp/multi_my.cnf /etc/my.cnf --multi_my.cnf配置文件上面已附上
--下面添加到环境变量
cat <<EOF >>/etc/profile
export PATH=\$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/
EOF
source /etc/profile
echo $PATH
--开始建立并初始化mysqld1 （mysql5.7临时密码在日志输出上面有提示，下同）
mkdir -p /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33016/{logs,data}
chown -R mysql.mysql /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33016
chmod 755 /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33016/
cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/r2/mysqldata/mysql_33016/data/
--开始建立并初始化mysqld2
mkdir -p /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33026/{logs,data}
chown -R mysql.mysql /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33026
cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/r2/mysqldata/mysql_33026/data/
--开始建立并初始化mysqld3 （mysql5.6初始化密码是空）
mkdir -p /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33036/{logs,data}
chown -R mysql.mysql /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33036
cd /usr/local/mysql56/
./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql56 --datadir=/r2/mysqldata/mysql_33036/data/
-- 安装后，须要检查mysql_error.log 确保没有错误出现
- 启动数据库，并修改root帐号，受权其余帐号
--使用mysqld_multi启动，mysqld_multi [OPTIONS] {start|reload|stop|report} [GNR,GNR,GNR...]
[root@multi mysql56]# mysqld_multi start 1
[root@multi mysql56]# mysqld_multi start 2
[root@multi mysql56]# mysqld_multi start 3
[root@multi mysql56]# mysqld_multi report
Reporting MySQL servers
MySQL server from group: mysqld1 is running
MySQL server from group: mysqld2 is running
MySQL server from group: mysqld3 is running
--查看三个mysql端口
[root@multi mysql56]# netstat -tunlp | grep mysql
tcp6 0 0 :::33036 :::* LISTEN 35400/mysqld
tcp6 0 0 :::33016 :::* LISTEN 37735/mysqld
tcp6 0 0 :::33026 :::* LISTEN 37738/mysqld
-- 使用sock进行登陆，并输入临时密码后，修改密码，以下：
root@multi mysqldata]# mysql -uroot -p -S /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33016/mysql.sock
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 20
Server version: 5.7.18-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'iforgot' ;
mysql>create user 'multi_admin'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
mysql>grant shutdown on *.* to 'multi_admin'@'localhost';
mysql>flush privileges;
mysql>exit;
--mysqld2 同上；mysqld3 因为是mysql5.6.36版本直接使用mysql -S /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33036/mysql.sock登录
[root@multi mysqldata]# mysql -S /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33036/mysql.sock
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 147
Server version: 5.6.36-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>set password=password('iforgot');
mysql>create user 'multi_admin'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
mysql>grant shutdown on *.* to 'multi_admin'@'localhost';
mysql>flush privileges;
mysql>exit;
- 检测port和socket
[root@multi mysql56]# ps -ef | grep mysqld mysql 35400 1 0 14:56 pts/1 00:00:10 /usr/local/mysql56/bin/mysqld --server-id=33036 --user=mysql --port=33036 --socket=/r2/mysqldata/mysql_33036/mysql.sock --basedir=/usr/local/mysql56 --datadir=/r2/mysqldata/mysql_33036/data --pid_file=/r2/mysqldata/mysql_33036/data/mysql.pid --log_error=/r2/mysqldata/mysql_33036/logs/mysql_error.log --log_bin=/r2/mysqldata/mysql_33036/logs/binlog --slow_query_log_file=/r2/mysqldata/mysql_33036/logs/slowlogs/slow.log --plugin_dir=/usr/local/mysql56/lib/plugin mysql 37735 1 0 16:33 pts/1 00:00:05 mysqld --server-id=33016 --group_concat_max_len=102400 --user=mysql --port=33016 --socket=/r2/mysqldata/mysql_33016/mysql.sock --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/r2/mysqldata/mysql_33016/data --pid_file=/r2/mysqldata/mysql_33016/data/mysql.pid --log_error=/r2/mysqldata/mysql_33016/logs/mysql_error.log --log_bin=/r2/mysqldata/mysql_33016/logs/binlog --slow_query_log_file=/r2/mysqldata/mysql_33016/logs/slow.log --log_timestamps=system mysql 37738 1 0 16:33 pts/1 00:00:04 mysqld --server-id=33026 --user=mysql --port=33026 --socket=/r2/mysqldata/mysql_33026/mysql.sock --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/r2/mysqldata/mysql_33026/data/ --pid_file=/r2/mysqldata/mysql_33026/data/mysql.pid --log_error=/r2/mysqldata/mysql_33026/logs/mysql_error.log --log_bin=/r2/mysqldata/mysql_33026/logs/binlog --slow_query_log_file=/r2/mysqldata/mysql_33026/logs/slow.log --log_timestamps=system -- 上面是mysqld_safe的进程
- 设置login-path
设置login-path主要为了可以简化登陆，同时还可让每一个数据库的密码都不一样，避免使用[client]下的统一用户名密码session
[root@multi mysqldata]# mysql_config_editor set -G mysqld1 -u root -p -S /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33016/mysql.sock Enter password: [root@multi mysqldata]# mysql_config_editor set -G mysqld2 -u root -p -S /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33026/mysql.sock Enter password: [root@multi mysqldata]# mysql_config_editor set -G mysqld3 -u root -p -S /r2/mysqldata/mysql_33036/mysql.sock Enter password: [root@multi mysqldata]# -- 而后可使用mysql --login-path=mysql1 这种方式登陆
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