js中继承能够分为两种:对象冒充和原型链方式javascript
1、对象冒充包括三种:临时属性方式、call()及apply()方式html
1.临时属性方式: java
1 function A(x){ 2 this.x=x; this.say = function(){ alert('My name is '+this.name); } 3 } 4 function B(x,y){ 5 this.tmpObj=A; 6 this.tmpObj(x); 7 delete this.tmpObj; 8 this.id = y; this.showId = function(){ alert('Good morning,Sir,My work number is '+this.id); } 9 } var simon = new B('Simon',9527); simon.say(); simon.showId();
/**/第五、六、7行:建立临时属性tmpObj引用构造函数A,而后在B内部执行,执行完后删除。当在B内部执行了 this.x=x后(这里的this是B的对象),B固然就拥有了x属性,固然B的x属性和A的x属性二者是独立,因此并不能算严格的继承。第五、六、7行有更简单的实现,就是经过call(apply)方法:A.call(this,x);segmentfault
2.call()/apply()方式:实质上是改变了this指针的指向、app
function Person(name){ this.name = name; this.say = function(){ alert('My name is '+this.name); } } function F2E(name,id){ Person.call(this,name); //apply()方式改为Person.apply(this,[name]); this.id = id; this.showId = function(){ alert('Good morning,Sir,My work number is '+this.id); } } var simon = new F2E('Simon',9527); simon.say(); simon.showId();
/**/call和apply均可以实现继承,惟一的一点参数不一样,func.call(func1,var1,var2,var3)对应的apply写法为:func.apply(func1,[var1,var2,var3])。函数
经过对象冒充的方式,没法继承经过prototype方式定义的变量和方法:this
function Person(name){ this.name = name; this.say = function(){ alert('My name is '+this.name); } } Person.prototype.age = 20; Person.prototype.sayAge = function(){alert('My age is '+this.age)}; function F2E(name,id){ Person.apply(this,new Array(name)); this.id = id; this.showId = function(){ alert('Good morning,Sir,My work number is '+this.id); } } var simon = new F2E('Simon',9527); simon.sayAge(); //提示TypeError: simon.sayAge is not a function
2、原型链继承(能够继承经过prototype方式定义的变量和方法:)spa
一:.net
function Parent(){ this.name = 'mike'; } function Child(){ this.age = 12; } Child.prototype = new Parent();//Child继承Parent,经过原型,造成链条 var test = new Child(); alert(test.age); alert(test.name);//获得被继承的属性 //继续原型链继承 function Brother(){ //brother构造 this.weight = 60; } Brother.prototype = new Child();//继续原型链继承 var brother = new Brother(); alert(brother.name);//继承了Parent和Child,弹出mike alert(brother.age);//弹出12
二:prototype
function Person(){ this.name = 'Simon'; } Person.prototype.say = function(){ alert('My name is '+this.name); } function F2E(id){ this.id = id; this.showId = function(){ alert('Good morning,Sir,My work number is '+this.id); } } F2E.prototype = new Person(); var simon = new F2E(9527); simon.say(); simon.showId(); alert(simon.hasOwnProperty('id')); //检查是否为自身属性
原型链能够理解成:js中每一个对象均有一个隐藏的__proto__属性,一个实例化对象的__proto__属性指向其类的prototype方法,而这个prototype方法又能够被赋值成另外一个实例化对象,这个对象的__proto__又须要指向其类,由此造成一条链,也就是前面代码中的 F2E.prototype = new Person();
缺点显而易见,原型链方式继承,就是实例化子类时不能将参数传给父类,也就是为何实例二中的function Person()没有参数,而是直接写成了this.name=”Simon”的缘由。下面的代码将不能达到预期的效果:
unction Person(name){ this.name = name; } Person.prototype.say = function(){ alert('My name is '+this.name); } function F2E(name,id){ this.id = id; this.showId = function(){ alert('Good morning,Sir,My work number is '+this.id); } } F2E.prototype = new Person(); //此处没法进行传值,this.name或者name都不行,直接写F2E.prototype = new Person('wood')是能够的,可是这样的话simon.say()就变成了My name is wood var simon = new F2E("Simon",9527); simon.say(); //弹出 My name is undefined simon.showId();
综上分析所得:javascript中最经常使用的继承模式 组合继承
<script type="text/javascript"> //建立基类 function Person(name, age) { this.name = name; this.age = age; } //经过原型方式给基类添加函数(这样能够服用此函数) Person.prototype.showName = function () { alert(this.name); } //建立子类 function Student(name, age, score) { this.score = score; Person.call(this,name,age); } //把父类的实例赋值给子类的原型 Student.prototype = new Person(); //经过原型方式给子类添加函数(这样能够服用此函数) Student.prototype.showScore = function () { alert(this.score); } //如下为使用 var student = new Student("zhangsan", 22, 100); student.showName(); student.showScore(); </script>
参照:http://www.jb51.net/article/24556.htm
http://www.jb51.net/article/47619.htm
http://www.javashuo.com/article/p-ueosnihj-ew.html
http://www.cnblogs.com/ljchow/archive/2010/06/08/1753526.html