zabbix--3.0--1

时间 2019-11-21

标签 zabbix 3.0 栏目 Zabbix 繁體版

原文原文链接

实验环境php

实验用2到2台机器，实验所用机器系统环境以下，能够看到2台机器的主机名和IP地址html

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.1.1503 (Core) 
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.58.11 linux-node1 linux-node1.nmap.com
192.168.58.12 linux-node2 linux-node2.nmap.com
[root@linux-node1 ~]# hostname
linux-node1.nmap.com
[root@linux-node1 ~]#

nginx自带的监控介绍node

先学习下nginx自带的的状态监控mysql

如下软件包是编译安装nginx须要的包linux

[root@linux-node1 ~]# yum install -y glibc gcc-c++ pcre-devel gcc openssl-devel
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.zju.edu.cn
 * epel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Package glibc-2.17-157.el7_3.1.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package gcc-c++-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package pcre-devel-8.32-15.el7_2.1.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package gcc-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package 1:openssl-devel-1.0.1e-60.el7_3.1.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
[root@linux-node1 ~]#

下载nginx稳定版并解压ios

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@linux-node1 src]# ls
[root@linux-node1 src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.10.3.tar.gz
--2017-03-19 18:04:23--  http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.10.3.tar.gz
Resolving nginx.org (nginx.org)... 95.211.80.227, 206.251.255.63
Connecting to nginx.org (nginx.org)|95.211.80.227|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 911509 (890K) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘nginx-1.10.3.tar.gz’

100%[==================================================>] 911,509      303KB/s   in 2.9s   

2017-03-19 18:04:27 (303 KB/s) - ‘nginx-1.10.3.tar.gz’ saved [911509/911509]

[root@linux-node1 src]# tar xfz nginx-1.10.3.tar.gz 
[root@linux-node1 src]# cd nginx-1.10.3
[root@linux-node1 nginx-1.10.3]#

新建一个用户www，用于以普通用户运行nginx ；配置，生成Makefile文件nginx

[root@linux-node1 nginx-1.10.3]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M www
[root@linux-node1 nginx-1.10.3]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx-1.10.3 \
> --user=www --group=www \
> --with-http_ssl_module \
> --with-http_stub_status_module

　配置完毕，pcre是它默认加的，不少人编译使用--with-pcre 其实使用系统的就够了c++

checking for getaddrinfo() ... found
checking for PCRE library ... found
checking for PCRE JIT support ... found
checking for OpenSSL library ... found
checking for zlib library ... found
creating objs/Makefile

Configuration summary
  + using system PCRE library
  + using system OpenSSL library
  + md5: using OpenSSL library
  + sha1: using OpenSSL library
  + using system zlib library

  nginx path prefix: "/usr/local/nginx-1.10.3"
  nginx binary file: "/usr/local/nginx-1.10.3/sbin/nginx"
  nginx modules path: "/usr/local/nginx-1.10.3/modules"
  nginx configuration prefix: "/usr/local/nginx-1.10.3/conf"
  nginx configuration file: "/usr/local/nginx-1.10.3/conf/nginx.conf"
  nginx pid file: "/usr/local/nginx-1.10.3/logs/nginx.pid"
  nginx error log file: "/usr/local/nginx-1.10.3/logs/error.log"
  nginx http access log file: "/usr/local/nginx-1.10.3/logs/access.log"
  nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp"
  nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp"
  nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp"
  nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp"
  nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp"

[root@linux-node1 nginx-1.10.3]#

编译和安装web

[root@linux-node1 nginx-1.10.3]# make && make install

make install 以后，其实这个目录能够拷贝到别的机器运行，可是你得保证这两台机器环境一致，必须安装的依赖包都一致

以上安装完毕，安装结尾部分以下sql

cp conf/nginx.conf '/usr/local/nginx-1.10.3/conf/nginx.conf.default'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx-1.10.3/logs' \
	|| mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx-1.10.3/logs'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx-1.10.3/logs' \
	|| mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx-1.10.3/logs'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx-1.10.3/html' \
	|| cp -R html '/usr/local/nginx-1.10.3'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx-1.10.3/logs' \
	|| mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx-1.10.3/logs'
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/nginx-1.10.3'
[root@linux-node1 nginx-1.10.3]# echo $?
0
[root@linux-node1 nginx-1.10.3]#

作软连接

[root@linux-node1 nginx-1.10.3]# cd
[root@linux-node1 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx-1.10.3/ /usr/local/nginx
[root@linux-node1 ~]#

怎么监控nginx，能够搜索一些作监控的产品他们作的文档，比较好，网站上不少人写的博客其实有的有错误，监控宝这种即便出现错误也不会太大　　

搜索监控宝的nginx相关的wiki

http://www.jiankongbao.com/search.php?q=nginx

http://wiki.jiankongbao.com/doku.php/%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3:%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95#nginx_监控

须要注意的是，Nginx默认安装不包含状态模块stub_status，因此，在编译Nginx的时候，须要添加如下参数：

--with-http_stub_status_module

一旦包含stub_status模块后，咱们就能够在配置文件nginx.conf中开启状态页面：　　

http {
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        location /nginx-status {
            stub_status on;
            access_log  off;
        }
    }
}

以上配置文件中，咱们实际增长的部分是：

  location /nginx-status {
            stub_status on;
            access_log  off;
        }

一样，假如Nginx所在服务器的IP为10.0.0.1，同时指向它的域名为www.domain.com，这样一来，Nginx的状态页面即是：

http://10.0.0.1/nginx-status

或者

http://www.domain.com/nginx-status

一样，建议您将以上示例中的nginx-status修改成其它字符串。

另外，Nginx的stub_status也支持受权IP的配置，您能够参考Nginx的手册，监控宝提供的服务监控点IP地址为：

开始操做修改nginx.conf

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
[root@linux-node1 conf]# vim nginx.conf

编辑以下，顺便加上访问控制

修改完毕，检测语法，启动，检查

[root@linux-node1 conf]# vim nginx.conf
[root@linux-node1 conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx-1.10.3/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx-1.10.3/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@linux-node1 conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 
[root@linux-node1 conf]# lsof -i:80
COMMAND   PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
nginx   10245 root    6u  IPv4 157419      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
nginx   10246  www    6u  IPv4 157419      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
[root@linux-node1 conf]#

网页上查看

关于状态页面的解释
Active connections: 4
server accepts handled requests
4 4 23
Reading: 0 Writing: 3 Waiting: 0

Active connections：对后端发起的活动链接数。
Server accepts handled requests：Nginx总共处理了4个链接，成功建立4次握手(证实中间没有失败的)，总共处理了23个请求。
Reading：Nginx 读取到客户端的Header信息数。
Writing：Nginx 返回给客户端的Header信息数。
Waiting：开启keep-alive的状况下，这个值等于 active – (reading + writing)，意思就是Nginx已经处理完成，正在等候下一次请求指令的驻留链接。

监控要作的事，最基础的部分以下：
采集，存储，展现，告警

nagios和zabbix对于一些大量主机须要监控的场景时，nagios不如zabbix
nagios监控就有瓶颈了。由于server端主动访问，1000台就有瓶颈了
zabbix主动模式彻底解决，顶多就是server端的读写压力

安装zabbix3.0

1、配置yum并安装zabbix3.0

zabbix3.0 编译安装各类坑，建议yum安装

在安装以前请确保防火墙以及selinux关闭，并作好时间同步

1.一、yum源配置

rpm -ivh http://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/zabbix/3.0/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-3.0-1.el7.noarch.rpm

1.二、安装相关软件

zabbix把数据放到了库里，它支持mysql，centos7以后mysql默认是mariadb

yum install zabbix-server zabbix-web zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-web-mysql mariadb-server mariadb zabbix-agent  -y

zabbix运行的web容器是apache，它默认把apache做为依赖安装上了

安装完毕，留意下版本

[root@linux-node1 ~]# yum install zabbix-server zabbix-web zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-web-mysql mariadb-server mariadb zabbix-agent  -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.zju.edu.cn
 * epel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Package zabbix-server-mysql-3.0.8-2.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package zabbix-web-3.0.8-2.el7.noarch already installed and latest version
Package zabbix-server-mysql-3.0.8-2.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package zabbix-web-mysql-3.0.8-2.el7.noarch already installed and latest version
Package 1:mariadb-server-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package 1:mariadb-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package zabbix-agent-3.0.8-2.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
[root@linux-node1 ~]#

1.三、修改PHP时区配置

因为注释里带#，这里's###g' 改为's@@@g' 结构替换

sed -i 's@# php_value date.timezone Europe/Riga@php_value date.timezone Asia/Shanghai@g' /etc/httpd/conf.d/zabbix.conf

替换完毕。

2、数据库配置

Centos7上MySQL已经变成了mariadb。

2.一、启动数据库

systemctl start mariadb

2.二、建立zabbix所用的数据库及用户　

mysql
create database zabbix character set utf8 collate utf8_bin;
grant all on zabbix.* to zabbix@'localhost' identified by 'zabbix';
exit

导入数据

zcat命令用于不真正解压缩文件，就能显示压缩包中文件的内容的场合。

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cd /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-3.0.8/
[root@linux-node1 zabbix-server-mysql-3.0.8]# ls
AUTHORS  ChangeLog  COPYING  create.sql.gz  NEWS  README
[root@linux-node1 zabbix-server-mysql-3.0.8]# zcat create.sql.gz | mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix
[root@linux-node1 zabbix-server-mysql-3.0.8]#

2.三、修改zabbix配置

vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf

取消下面注释，并修改为正确值

DBHost=localhost #数据库所在主机
DBName=zabbix #数据库名
DBUser=zabbix #数据库用户
DBPassword=zabbix #数据库密码

2.四、启动zabbix及http

遇到问题，zabbix-server启动失败，httpd启动成功

[root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl start zabbix-server
Job for zabbix-server.service failed because a fatal signal was delivered to the control process. See "systemctl status zabbix-server.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
[root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@linux-node1 ~]# getenforce
Disabled
[root@linux-node1 ~]# journalctl -xe
-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
-- 
-- Unit zabbix-server.service has begun starting up.
Mar 19 19:12:59 linux-node1.nmap.com kernel: zabbix_server[11200]: segfault at 18 ip 00007fd7
Mar 19 19:12:59 linux-node1.nmap.com systemd[1]: zabbix-server.service: control process exite
Mar 19 19:13:01 linux-node1.nmap.com systemd[1]: Failed to start Zabbix Server.
-- Subject: Unit zabbix-server.service has failed
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
-- 
-- Unit zabbix-server.service has failed.
-- 
-- The result is failed.
Mar 19 19:13:01 linux-node1.nmap.com systemd[1]: Unit zabbix-server.service entered failed st
Mar 19 19:13:01 linux-node1.nmap.com systemd[1]: zabbix-server.service failed.
[root@linux-node1 ~]#

升级 trousers以后，启动zabbix-server成功（系统版本centos7-1503）

[root@linux-node1 ~]# yum update trousers
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.zju.edu.cn
 * epel: mirror.premi.st
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package trousers.x86_64 0:0.3.11.2-3.el7 will be updated
---> Package trousers.x86_64 0:0.3.13-1.el7 will be an update

3、经过浏览器配置zabbix-server

浏览器里输入下面内容，经过页面安装配置

http://192.168.58.11/zabbix

一切OK

密码也是zabbix

name这里能够自定义，它出出如今登陆后的右上角

其实以上步骤就是配置了下面文件

点击Finish出现登陆界面，用户名和密码默认是Admin/zabbix

启动zabbix-agent，它默认监听10050端口

zabbix-server默认监听10051端口

[root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl start zabbix-agent
[root@linux-node1 ~]# netstat -lntp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1/systemd           
tcp        0      0 192.168.122.1:53        0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1104/dnsmasq        
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      922/sshd            
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1044/master         
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:10050           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1793/zabbix_agentd  
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:10051           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1316/zabbix_server  
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1584/mysqld         
tcp6       0      0 :::111                  :::*                    LISTEN      1/systemd           
tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      1708/httpd          
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      922/sshd            
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN      1044/master         
tcp6       0      0 :::10050                :::*                    LISTEN      1793/zabbix_agentd  
tcp6       0      0 :::10051                :::*                    LISTEN      1316/zabbix_server  
[root@linux-node1 ~]#

zabbix页面登陆和介绍

登陆成功的界面

启用此监控

它是php-gd绘制的

zabbix-web能够单独一台机器，能够和zabbix-server分开

share这里能够看到别人写好的模板，能够直接拿来用

zabbix自定义监控项

生产要先建立主机组

练习建立3个组：web，memcached，lb

主机组的名字建议是英文，不然二次开发的时候就知道难受了

主机名也建议写原本的主机名，二次开发的时候能对应上，该是啥主机名就是啥，也可使用IP地址

zabbix也支持snmp，这台机器开启了snmp，这里咱们就用snmp来监控

snmp这里因为是本机监控本机能够写127.0.0.1

其实推荐写成真实IP

生产环境加描述，工做中建议约定好，好比时间信息等，方便本身也方便他人

模板这里添加snmp的模板

使用snmp的话，宏定义这里必须写，宏相似定义个变量

宏就是下面这个值

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cat /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf
rocommunity nmap 192.168.58.11
[root@linux-node1 ~]#

输入以下内容　

添加完毕，看到有不少模板显示，其实括号里的都是模板的连接

若是snmp没启动，须要先启动它

[root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl enable snmpd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/snmpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/snmpd.service.
[root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl start snmpd
[root@linux-node1 ~]# netstat -luntp | grep 161
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:161             0.0.0.0:*                           2549/snmpd          
[root@linux-node1 ~]#

页面里查看，snmp监控也成功了

screen是几个图形放一块儿；2.4须要在configure下面建立；在3.0能够在monitor下建立

自定义监控项

准备使用zabbix监控nginx链接数，把以前安装的nginx配置改为8080端口

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
[root@linux-node1 conf]# vim nginx.conf
[root@linux-node1 conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx-1.10.3/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx-1.10.3/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@linux-node1 conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 
[root@linux-node1 conf]# lsof -i:8080
COMMAND  PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
nginx   2714 root    6u  IPv4  35149      0t0  TCP *:webcache (LISTEN)
nginx   2715  www    6u  IPv4  35149      0t0  TCP *:webcache (LISTEN)
[root@linux-node1 conf]#

先用命令方式获取活动链接数

[root@linux-node1 conf]# curl http://192.168.58.11:8080/nginx-status
Active connections: 1 
server accepts handled requests
 4 4 4 
Reading: 0 Writing: 1 Waiting: 0 
[root@linux-node1 conf]# curl http://192.168.58.11:8080/nginx-status | grep Active
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100    97  100    97    0     0  54525      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 97000
Active connections: 1 
[root@linux-node1 conf]# curl -s http://192.168.58.11:8080/nginx-status | grep Active
Active connections: 1 
[root@linux-node1 conf]# curl -s http://192.168.58.11:8080/nginx-status | grep Active |awk  '{print $3}'
1
[root@linux-node1 conf]# curl -s http://192.168.58.11:8080/nginx-status | grep Active |awk  '{print $NF}'
1
[root@linux-node1 conf]#

vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf

默认zabbix-agent的配置文件会加载下面目录，所以能够单独新建一个文件，用于存放自定义的key

写一个名叫nginx.conf的配置文件

[root@linux-node1 zabbix_agentd.d]# pwd
/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d
[root@linux-node1 zabbix_agentd.d]# cat nginx.conf 
UserParameter=nginx.active,curl -s http://192.168.58.11:8080/nginx-status | grep Active |awk  '{print $NF}'
[root@linux-node1 zabbix_agentd.d]#

优化一下，脚本里的命令使用绝对路径

[root@linux-node1 zabbix_agentd.d]# which curl
/usr/bin/curl
[root@linux-node1 zabbix_agentd.d]# vim nginx.conf
[root@linux-node1 zabbix_agentd.d]# cat nginx.conf 
UserParameter=nginx.active,/usr/bin/curl -s http://192.168.58.11:8080/nginx-status | grep Active |awk  '{print $NF}'
[root@linux-node1 zabbix_agentd.d]#

重启agent，安装zabbix-get工具，它是个测试工具，只有它能获取到了自定义的key的值，才能加入到zabbix-server里。

[root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl restart zabbix-agent
[root@linux-node1 ~]# yum install -y zabbix-get

get一下，发现有问题

[root@linux-node1 ~]# zabbix_get -s 192.168.58.11 -p 10050 -k"nginx.active"
zabbix_get [3070]: Check access restrictions in Zabbix agent configuration
[root@linux-node1 ~]#

由于安装zabbix-agent的时候，Server那里写的是127.0.0.1，agent和server在一台
Server那里要写192.168.58.11
zabbix-get或者这里写127.0.0.1
下面改为192.168.58.11，这里是只容许哪一个server的IP访问本身，server这里也支持多Ip

改完重启下agent

[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf 
[root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl restart zabbix-agent
[root@linux-node1 ~]#

再次获取，成功

[root@linux-node1 ~]# zabbix_get -s 192.168.58.11 -p 10050 -k"nginx.active"
1
[root@linux-node1 ~]#

网页上这里尽可能也改掉

改为以下，不然会报链接故障

总结添加自定义监控项的步骤
一、命令行或脚本先获取成功
二、配置文件里添加用户自定义参数
三、重启zabbix-agent
四、server端使用zabbix_get测试获取
五、web界面建立item

这里还缺最后一步，web页面添加自定义监控项

application这里写个自定义的，它是一组item的集合

建立图形

找到nginx.active

查看图形

手动制造点链接数数据

[root@linux-node1 ~]# ab -c 10 -n 100000 http://192.168.58.11:8080/
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1430300 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking 192.168.58.11 (be patient)
Completed 10000 requests
Completed 20000 requests
Completed 30000 requests
Completed 40000 requests
Completed 50000 requests
Completed 60000 requests
Completed 70000 requests
Completed 80000 requests
Completed 90000 requests
Completed 100000 requests
Finished 100000 requests


Server Software:        nginx/1.10.3
Server Hostname:        192.168.58.11
Server Port:            8080

Document Path:          /
Document Length:        612 bytes

Concurrency Level:      10
Time taken for tests:   8.674 seconds
Complete requests:      100000
Failed requests:        0
Write errors:           0
Total transferred:      84500000 bytes
HTML transferred:       61200000 bytes
Requests per second:    11529.06 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       0.867 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       0.087 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          9513.73 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:        0    0   0.2      0       3
Processing:     0    1   0.2      1       8
Waiting:        0    1   0.2      1       8
Total:          0    1   0.2      1       8

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
  50%      1
  66%      1
  75%      1
  80%      1
  90%      1
  95%      1
  98%      1
  99%      2
 100%      8 (longest request)
[root@linux-node1 ~]#

查看图形数据

以堆叠方式显示

堆叠方式就是这种

建立自定义的screen

把nginx.active这个图形加上去

把相关联的加到一个screen里面

其实能够显示不少，好比文本

还能显示url

它就能把上面的url显示出来

zabbix 还能够自定义map

拓扑图，目前比较鸡肋，上百台机器无法画，太复杂

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