react-router

时间  2019-11-13
标签 react router 栏目 React 繁體版
原文   原文链接

1. Router,hashHistory,Route

首先下载react-routercss

$ npm install react-router --save

须要注意的是，react-router更新很快，API也在持续升级，也许你看到市面不少教程，但可能那仍是1.x甚至是0.x版本的。react

咱们首先在App.jsx写一个简单示例，让你快速的对react-router有印象。webpack

代码清单：app/container/App/App.jsxweb

import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { Router, Route, hashHistory } from 'react-router';

const Home = () => <div><h1>Home</h1></div>;
const About = () => <div><h1>About</h1></div>;
const Contact = () => <div><h1>Contact</h1></div>;

class App extends Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <Router history={hashHistory}>
        <Route path="/" component={Home} />
        <Route path="/about" component={About} />
        <Route path="/contact" component={Contact} />
      </Router>
    );
  }
}

export default App;

2. Link

Link是react-router提供的导航组件，能够直接使用进行路由切换npm

代码清单：app/container/App/App.jsxapi

import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { Router, Route, hashHistory, Link } from 'react-router';

const Home = () => <div><h1>Home</h1><Links /></div>;
const About = () => <div><h1>About</h1><Links /></div>;
const Contact = () => <div><h1>Contact</h1><Links /></div>;

const Links = () =>
  <nav>
    <Link to="/">Home</Link>
    <Link to="/about">About</Link>
    <Link to="/contact">Contact</Link>
  </nav>

class App extends Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <Router history={hashHistory}>
        <Route path="/" component={Home} />
        <Route path="/about" component={About} />
        <Route path="/contact" component={Contact} />
      </Router>
    );
  }
}

export default App;

3. browserHistory

browserHistory和hashHistory不同，使用browserHistory的时候，浏览器中导航栏的URL就不会出现_k的hash键值对。实际项目中也通常用browserHistory.浏览器

import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { Router, Route, browserHistory, Link } from 'react-router';

const Home = () => <div><h1>Home</h1><Links /></div>;
const About = () => <div><h1>About</h1><Links /></div>;
const Contact = () => <div><h1>Contact</h1><Links /></div>;

const Links = () =>
  <nav>
    <Link to="/">Home</Link>
    <Link to="/about">About</Link>
    <Link to="/contact">Contact</Link>
  </nav>

class App extends Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <Router history={browserHistory}>
        <Route path="/" component={Home} />
        <Route path="/about" component={About} />
        <Route path="/contact" component={Contact} />
      </Router>
    );
  }
}

export default App;

这样正常点击路由切换没有问题，可是从新刷新URL就会报找不到路由，这个时候咱们在webpack-dev-server启动的时候须要加上参数--history-api-fallback。react-router

4. activeStyle,activeClassName

当前路由被点击处于触发显示状态的时候，咱们可使用activeStyle来给路由设置一些颜色。app

import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { Router, Route, browserHistory, Link } from 'react-router';

const Home = () => <div><h1>Home</h1><Links /></div>;
const About = () => <div><h1>About</h1><Links /></div>;
const Contact = () => <div><h1>Contact</h1><Links /></div>;

const Links = () =>
  <nav>
    <Link activeStyle={{color: 'red'}} to="/">Home</Link>
    <Link activeStyle={{color: 'red'}} to="/about">About</Link>
    <Link activeStyle={{color: 'red'}} to="/contact">Contact</Link>
  </nav>

class App extends Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <Router history={browserHistory}>
        <Route path="/" component={Home} />
        <Route path="/about" component={About} />
        <Route path="/contact" component={Contact} />
      </Router>
    );
  }
}

export default App;

同理，咱们还可使用activeClassName来将路由激活状态的样式抽取出来。webpack-dev-server

咱们在App.css写一个样式，代码清单：app/containers/App/App.jsx

.active {
  color: red;
}

而后修改App.jsx

import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { Router, Route, browserHistory, Link } from 'react-router';

import './App.css';

const Home = () => <div><h1>Home</h1><Links /></div>;
const About = () => <div><h1>About</h1><Links /></div>;
const Contact = () => <div><h1>Contact</h1><Links /></div>;

const Links = () =>
  <nav>
    <Link activeClassName="active" to="/">Home</Link>
    <Link activeClassName="active" to="/about">About</Link>
    <Link activeClassName="active" to="/contact">Contact</Link>
  </nav>

class App extends Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <Router history={browserHistory}>
        <Route path="/" component={Home} />
        <Route path="/about" component={About} />
        <Route path="/contact" component={Contact} />
      </Router>
    );
  }
}

export default App;

5. 路由嵌套

刚才讲的是简单路由的切换，但实际应用中，路由是分多个层级的。幸运的是，咱们可使用react-router的路由嵌套来清晰的管理路由和组件之间的切换展现。

import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { Router, Route, browserHistory, Link } from 'react-router';

import './App.css';

const Home = (props) =>
  <div>
    <h1>Home</h1>
    <Links />
    {props.children}
  </div>

const About = (props) =>
  <div>
    <h1>About</h1>
    {props.children}
  </div>

const Contact = () =>
  <div>
    <h1>Contact</h1>
  </div>

const Links = () =>
  <nav>
    <Link activeClassName="active" to="/">Home</Link>
    <Link activeClassName="active" to="/about">About</Link>
    <Link activeClassName="active" to="/about/contact">Contact</Link>
  </nav>

class App extends Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <Router history={browserHistory}>
        <Route path="/" component={Home}>
          <Route path="about" component={About}>
            <Route path="contact" component={Contact} />
          </Route>
        </Route>
      </Router>
    );
  }
}

export default App;

6. IndexRoute

IndexRoute即处理页面初始进入时候的组件展现，等路由切换的时候，再根据其余路由规则进行组件的切换展现。

import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { Router, Route, browserHistory, Link, IndexRoute } from 'react-router';

import './App.css';

const Home = (props) =>
  <div>
    <h1>Home</h1>
    <Links />
    {props.children}
  </div>

const About = () =>
  <div>
    <h1>About</h1>
  </div>

const Contact = () =>
  <div>
    <h1>Contact</h1>
  </div>

const Links = () =>
  <nav>
    <Link activeClassName="active" to="/">Home</Link>
    <Link activeClassName="active" to="/contact">Contact</Link>
  </nav>

class App extends Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <Router history={browserHistory}>
        <Route path="/" component={Home}>
          <IndexRoute component={About} />
          <Route path="contact" component={Contact} />
        </Route>
      </Router>
    );
  }
}

export default App;

7. 路由变量

刚才展现的是常规的路由，路由中的规则是给定的，如今咱们尝试使用路由变量，在组件中获取这个路由的变量，并作相应的组件展现。

import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { Router, Route, hashHistory, Link, IndexRoute } from 'react-router';

import './App.css';

const Message = (props) =>
  <div>
    <h1>{props.params.message || 'Hello'}</h1>
    <Links />
  </div>

const Links = () =>
  <nav>
    <Link to="/">Hello</Link>
    <Link to="/yong">Yong</Link>
    <Link to="/feng">Feng</Link>
  </nav>

class App extends Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <Router history={hashHistory}>
        <Route path="/(:message)" component={Message} />
      </Router>
    );
  }
}

export default App;

8. Route中components参数的高级用法

Route中components中接收的参数不单单只是实际的组件，还能够是对象，经过这样的用法，咱们能够更灵活的控制组件的展现。

import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { Router, Route, hashHistory, Link, IndexRoute } from 'react-router';

import './App.css';

const HomeHeader = () => <h1>HomeHeader</h1>
const HomeBody = () => <h1>HomeBody</h1>
const AboutHeader = () => <h1>AboutHeader</h1>
const AboutBody = () => <h1>AboutBody</h1>

const Container = (props) =>
  <div>
    {props.header}
    {props.body}
    <Links />
  </div>

const Links = () =>
  <nav>
    <Link to="/">Hello</Link>
    <Link to="/about">About</Link>
  </nav>

class App extends Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <Router history={hashHistory}>
        <Route path="/" component={Container}>
          <IndexRoute components={{ header:HomeHeader, body:HomeBody }} />
          <Route path="about" components={{ header:AboutHeader, body:AboutBody }} />
        </Route>
      </Router>
    );
  }
}

export default App;

9. 使用query获取URL中的参数

咱们能够将URL中访问的参数获取，而且应用到组件中。

import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { Router, Route, hashHistory, Link, IndexRoute } from 'react-router';

import './App.css';

const Page = (props) =>
  <div>
    <h1>{props.location.query.message || 'Hello'}</h1>
  </div>

class App extends Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <Router history={hashHistory}>
        <Route path="/" component={Page} />
      </Router>
    );
  }
}

export default App;

而后在url中输入http://localhost:8080/#/?message=guoyongfeng，页面中就会显示guoyongfeng。

另外，咱们还能够在Link组件中设置pathname和query变量

import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { Router, Route, hashHistory, Link, IndexRoute } from 'react-router';

import './App.css';

const Page = (props) =>
  <div>
    <h1>{props.location.query.message || 'Hello'}</h1>
  </div>

const Links = () =>
  <nav>
    <Link to={{ pathname: "/", query: {message: "guoyongfeng"} }} />
  </nav>

class App extends Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <Router history={hashHistory}>
        <Route path="/" component={Page} />
      </Router>
    );
  }
}

export default App;

10. Redirect重定向

import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { Router, Route, hashHistory, Link, Redirect } from 'react-router';

const Home = () => <div><h1>Home</h1><Links /></div>;
const About = () => <div><h1>About</h1><Links /></div>;
const Contact = () => <div><h1>Contact</h1><Links /></div>;

const Links = () =>
  <nav>
    <Link to="/">Home</Link>
    <Link to="/about">About</Link>
    <Link to="/contact">Contact</Link>
    <Link to="/contact-us">Contact US</Link>
  </nav>

class App extends Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <Router history={hashHistory}>
        <Route path="/" component={Home} />
        <Route path="/about" component={About} />
        <Route path="/contact-us" component={Contact} />
        <Redirect from="/contact" to="/contact-us" />
      </Router>
    );
  }
}

export default App;

11. setRouteLeaveHook路由钩子函数：处理路由切换时的操做

import React, { Component, PropTypes } from 'react';
import { Router, Route, hashHistory, Link } from 'react-router';

class Home extends Component {
  componentWillMount(){
    this.context.router.setRouteLeaveHook(
      this.props.route,
      this.routerWillLeave
    )
  }
  routerWillLeave( nextLocation ){
    return `页面即将从Home切换到${nextLocation.pathname}`
  }
  render(){
    return <div>
      <h1>Home</h1>
      <Links />
    </div>
  }
}

Home.contextTypes = {
  router: PropTypes.object.isRequired
};

const Contact = () => <div><h1>Contact</h1><Links /></div>;

const Links = () =>
  <nav>
    <Link to="/">Home</Link>
    <Link to="/contact">Contact</Link>
  </nav>

class App extends Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <Router history={hashHistory}>
        <Route path="/" component={Home} />
        <Route path="/contact" component={Contact} />
      </Router>
    );
  }
}

export default App;
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