目录html
1、MHA简介node
2、实验架构设计mysql
1. 基本环境linux
2. 架构设计git
3、MHA安装配置github
1. 配置主从复制redis
4. 安装MHA Nodebash
MHA(Master High Availability)目前在MySQL高可用方面是一个相对成熟的解决方案,它由日本DeNA公司的youshimaton(现就任于Facebook公司)开发,是一套优秀的做为MySQL高可用性环境下故障切换和主从提高的高可用软件。在MySQL故障切换过程当中,MHA能作到在0~30秒以内自动完成数据库的故障切换操做,而且在进行故障切换的过程当中,MHA能在最大程度上保证数据的一致性,以达到真正意义上的高可用。
该软件由两部分组成:MHA Manager(管理节点)和MHA Node(数据节点)。MHA Manager能够单独部署在一台独立的机器上管理多个master-slave集群,也能够部署在一台slave节点上。MHA Node运行在每台MySQL服务器上,MHA Manager会定时探测集群中的master节点,当master出现故障时,它能够自动将最新数据的slave提高为新的master,而后将全部其余的slave从新指向新的master。整个故障转移过程对应用程序彻底透明。
在MHA自动故障切换过程当中,MHA试图从宕机的主服务器上保存二进制日志,最大程度的保证数据的不丢失,但这并不老是可行的。例如,若是主服务器硬件故障或没法经过ssh访问,MHA无法保存二进制日志,只进行故障转移而丢失了最新的数据。使用MySQL 5.5的半同步复制,能够大大下降数据丢失的风险。MHA能够与半同步复制结合起来。若是只有一个slave已经收到了最新的二进制日志,MHA能够将最新的二进制日志应用于其余全部的slave服务器上,所以能够保证全部节点的数据一致性。
目前MHA主要支持一主多从的架构。要搭建MHA,要求一个复制集群中必须最少有三台数据库服务器,一主二从,即一台充当master,一台充当备用master,另一台充当从库。由于至少须要三台服务器,出于机器成本的考虑,淘宝也在该基础上进行了改造,目前淘宝TMHA已经支持一主一从。(出自:《深刻浅出MySQL(第二版)》)从代码层面看,MHA就是一套Perl脚本,那么相信以阿里系的技术实力,将MHA改为支持一主一从也并不是难事。
图1所示为MHA架构:
图1
MHA工做原理总结为如下几条:
官方介绍:https://code.google.com/archive/p/mysql-master-ha/
角色 |
IP |
主机名 |
网卡 |
server_id |
功能 |
Monitor Host |
172.16.1.124 |
hdp1 |
- |
- |
监控复制组 |
Master |
172.16.1.127 |
hdp4 |
ens160 |
127 |
响应写请求 |
Candidate Master |
172.16.1.126 |
hdp3 |
ens32 |
126 |
响应读请求 |
Slave |
172.16.1.125 |
hdp2 |
ens32 |
125 |
响应读请求 |
表1
实验架构如图2所示。
图2
hdp1做为MHA Manager,其它三台主机构成MySQL一主二从复制集群,做为MHA Node。
MySQL主从复制的配置较为简单,具体过程可参考MySQL官方文档,这里从略。若是是全新搭建的复制,只要打开Master的binlog,而后将Slave change master到指定的file和pos,再start slave便可。若是是为已经存在且正在使用的数据库搭建从库,有两种方式,一是用mysqldump master-data参数记录master的file和pos,但可能卡库;比较好的方法是用innobackupex联机搭建从库,过程以下:
(1)前置条件
yum install perl perl-DBI perl-DBD-MySQL perl-IO-Socket-SSL perl-Time-HiRes
.:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/home/mysql/mysql-5.6.14/bin:/home/mysql/percona-xtrabackup-2.2.4-Linux-x86_64/bin:/home/mysql/bin
(2)配置主到从的SSH免密码链接
在主上用mysql用户执行:
ssh-keygen
... 一路回车 ...
ssh-copy-id slave的IP或主机名
(3)备份并传输
例如,在主上用mysql用户执行:
innobackupex --user root --password 123456 --defaults-file=/home/mysql/mysql-5.6.14/my.cnf --no-lock --socket=/home/mysql/mysql-5.6.14/mysql.sock --port 3306 --stream=tar ./ | ssh mysql@172.16.1.126 \ "cat - > /home/mysql/backup.tar"
(4)恢复备份
在从上用mysql用户执行:
# 解压缩
tar -ixvf backup.tar -C /home/mysql/mysql-5.6.14/data
# 应用日志
innobackupex --apply-log /home/mysql/mysql-5.6.14/data/
# 查看binlog日志文件的位置值
cat /home/mysql/mysql-5.6.14/data/xtrabackup_binlog_info
# 编辑my.cnf
vi /etc/my.cnf
# 启动MySQL,目录要和主保持一致
service mysql start
mysql -uroot -p123456 -P3306 -h127.0.0.1
# 配置复制
reset master;
reset slave all;
change master to
master_host='172.16.1.127',
master_port=3306,
master_user='repl',
master_password='123456',
master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',
master_log_pos=120;
# 其中master_log_file和master_log_pos赋予/home/mysql/mysql5.6.14/data/xtrabackup_binlog_info中的值。
# 启动slave
start slave;
# 查看slave状态
show slave status\G
(5)后续工做
备份my.cnf、bat文件和crontab等。
用root用户在全部四个节点执行下面的操做。
# 安装一个epel源
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-7.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
# 用yum安装依赖包
yum install perl-DBD-MySQL perl-Config-Tiny perl-Log-Dispatch perl-Parallel-ForkManager perl-Time-HiRes -y
在hdp1 172.16.1.124(Monitor)上用root用户执行:
ssh-keygen -t rsa
ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@172.16.1.125
ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@172.16.1.126
ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@172.16.1.127
在hdp4 172.16.1.127(Master)上用root用户执行:
ssh-keygen -t rsa
ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@172.16.1.125
ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@172.16.1.126
在hdp3 172.16.1.126(slave1)上用root用户执行:
ssh-keygen -t rsa
ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@172.16.1.125
ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@172.16.1.127
在hdp2 172.16.1.125(slave2)上用root用户执行:
ssh-keygen -t rsa
ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@172.16.1.126
ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@172.16.1.127
下载地址:https://github.com/yoshinorim/mha4mysql-manager/wiki/Downloads
在hdp二、hdp三、hdp4上用root用户执行下面的操做。
rpm -ivh mha4mysql-node-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm
安装完成后,在/usr/bin/目录下有以下MHA相关文件:
apply_diff_relay_logs
filter_mysqlbinlog
purge_relay_logs
save_binary_logs
这些脚本工具一般由MHA Manager的脚本触发,无需人为操做。脚本说明:
下载地址:https://github.com/yoshinorim/mha4mysql-manager/wiki/Downloads
在hdp1上用root用户执行下面的操做。
rpm -ivh mha4mysql-manager-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm
安装完成后,在/usr/bin/目录下有以下MHA相关文件:
masterha_check_repl
masterha_check_ssh
masterha_check_status
masterha_conf_host
masterha_manager
masterha_master_monitor
masterha_master_switch
masterha_secondary_check
masterha_stop
apply_diff_relay_logs
filter_mysqlbinlog
purge_relay_logs
save_binary_logs
在hdp1上用root用户执行下面(1)、(2)、(3)的操做。
(1)创建配置文件目录
mkdir -p /etc/masterha
(2)建立配置文件/etc/masterha/app1.cnf,内容以下:
[server default]
manager_log=/var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log
manager_workdir=/var/log/masterha/app1.log
master_binlog_dir=/data
master_ip_failover_script=/usr/bin/master_ip_failover
master_ip_online_change_script=/usr/bin/master_ip_online_change
password=123456
ping_interval=1
remote_workdir=/tmp
repl_password=123456
repl_user=repl
secondary_check_script=/usr/bin/masterha_secondary_check -s hdp4 -s hdp3 --user=root --master_host=hdp4 --master_ip=172.16.1.127 --master_port=3306
shutdown_script=""
ssh_user=root
user=root
[server1]
hostname=172.16.1.127
port=3306
[server2]
candidate_master=1
check_repl_delay=0
hostname=172.16.1.126
port=3306
[server3]
hostname=172.16.1.125
port=3306
server default段是manager的一些基本配置参数,server一、server二、server3分别对应复制中的master、第一个slave、第二个slave。该文件的语法要求严格,变量值后不要有多余的空格。主要配置项说明以下。
(3)创建软链接
ln -s /home/mysql/mysql-5.6.14/bin/mysqlbinlog /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog
ln -s /home/mysql/mysql-5.6.14/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql
(4)设置复制中Slave的relay_log_purge参数
在hdp3和hdp2上用mysql用户执行:
mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "set global relay_log_purge=0"
注意,MHA在发生切换的过程当中,从库的恢复过程当中依赖于relay log的相关信息,因此这里要将relay log的自动清除设置为OFF,采用手动清除relay log的方式。默认状况下,从服务器上的中继日志会在SQL线程执行完毕后被自动删除。可是在MHA环境中,这些中继日志在恢复其余从服务器时可能会被用到,所以须要禁用中继日志的自动删除功能。按期清除中继日志须要考虑到复制延时的问题。在ext3的文件系统下,删除大的文件须要必定的时间,会致使严重的复制延时。为了不复制延时,须要暂时为中继日志建立硬连接,由于在linux系统中经过硬连接删除大文件速度会很快。(在mysql数据库中,删除大表时,一般也采用创建硬连接的方式)
(1)建立按期清理relay脚本
在hdp三、hdp2两台slave上创建/root/purge_relay_log.sh文件,内容以下:
#!/bin/bash
. /home/mysql/.bashrc
user=root
passwd=123456
port=3306
log_dir='/data'
work_dir='/data'
purge='/usr/bin/purge_relay_logs'
if [ ! -d $log_dir ]
then
mkdir $log_dir -p
fi
$purge --user=$user --password=$passwd --disable_relay_log_purge --port=$port --workdir=$work_dir >> $log_dir/purge_relay_logs.log 2>&1
purge_relay_logs的参数说明:
改模式为可执行:
chmod 755 purge_relay_log.sh
手工执行/root/purge_relay_log.sh,在控制台输出:
2018-07-31 12:45:20: purge_relay_logs script started.
Found relay_log.info: /data/relay-log.info
Opening /data/hdp2-relay-bin.000001 ..
Opening /data/hdp2-relay-bin.000002 ..
Executing SET GLOBAL relay_log_purge=1; FLUSH LOGS; sleeping a few seconds so that SQL thread can delete older relay log
files (if it keeps up); SET GLOBAL relay_log_purge=0; .. ok.
2018-07-31 12:45:23: All relay log purging operations succeeded.
添加到crontab中:
0 4 * * * /bin/bash /root/purge_relay_log.sh
(2)建立自动failover脚本
在hdp1上建立/usr/bin/master_ip_failover文件,内容以下:
#!/usr/bin/env perl
use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';
use Getopt::Long;
my (
$command, $ssh_user, $orig_master_host, $orig_master_ip,
$orig_master_port, $new_master_host, $new_master_ip, $new_master_port
);
my $vip = '172.16.1.100'; # Virtual IP
my $key = "1";
my $ssh_start_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig ens32:$key $vip";
my $ssh_stop_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig ens160:$key down";
GetOptions(
'command=s' => \$command,
'ssh_user=s' => \$ssh_user,
'orig_master_host=s' => \$orig_master_host,
'orig_master_ip=s' => \$orig_master_ip,
'orig_master_port=i' => \$orig_master_port,
'new_master_host=s' => \$new_master_host,
'new_master_ip=s' => \$new_master_ip,
'new_master_port=i' => \$new_master_port,
);
exit &main();
sub main {
print "\n\nIN SCRIPT TEST====$ssh_stop_vip==$ssh_start_vip===\n\n";
if ( $command eq "stop" || $command eq "stopssh" ) {
# $orig_master_host, $orig_master_ip, $orig_master_port are passed.
# If you manage master ip address at global catalog database,
# invalidate orig_master_ip here.
my $exit_code = 1;
eval {
print "Disabling the VIP on old master: $orig_master_host \n";
&stop_vip();
$exit_code = 0;
};
if ($@) {
warn "Got Error: $@\n";
exit $exit_code;
}
exit $exit_code;
}
elsif ( $command eq "start" ) {
# all arguments are passed.
# If you manage master ip address at global catalog database,
# activate new_master_ip here.
# You can also grant write access (create user, set read_only=0, etc) here.
my $exit_code = 10;
eval {
print "Enabling the VIP - $vip on the new master - $new_master_host \n";
&start_vip();
$exit_code = 0;
};
if ($@) {
warn $@;
exit $exit_code;
}
exit $exit_code;
}
elsif ( $command eq "status" ) {
print "Checking the Status of the script.. OK \n";
`ssh $ssh_user\@$orig_master_host \" $ssh_start_vip \"`;
exit 0;
}
else {
&usage();
exit 1;
}
}
# A simple system call that enable the VIP on the new master
sub start_vip() {
`ssh $ssh_user\@$new_master_host \" $ssh_start_vip \"`;
}
# A simple system call that disable the VIP on the old_master
sub stop_vip() {
`ssh $ssh_user\@$orig_master_host \" $ssh_stop_vip \"`;
}
sub usage {
print
"Usage: master_ip_failover --command=start|stop|stopssh|status --orig_master_host=host --orig_master_ip=ip --orig_master_port=port --new_master_host=host --new_master_ip=ip --new_master_port=port\n";
}
注意脚本中VIP漂移的部分。
(3)建立手动failover脚本
在hdp1上建立/usr/bin/master_ip_online_change文件,内容以下:
#!/usr/bin/env perl
## Note: This is a sample script and is notcomplete. Modify the script based on your environment.
use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';
use Getopt::Long;
use MHA::DBHelper;
use MHA::NodeUtil;
# use Time::HiRes qw( sleep gettimeofdaytv_interval );
use Time::HiRes qw(sleep gettimeofday tv_interval);
use Data::Dumper;
my $_tstart;
my $_running_interval = 0.1;
my (
$command, $orig_master_host, $orig_master_ip,
$orig_master_port, $orig_master_user,
$new_master_host, $new_master_ip, $new_master_port,
$new_master_user,
);
my $vip = '172.16.1.100'; # Virtual IP
my $key = "1";
my $ssh_start_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig ens32:$key $vip";
my $ssh_stop_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig ens160:$key down";
my $ssh_user = "root";
my $new_master_password = "123456";
my $orig_master_password = "123456";
GetOptions(
'command=s' =>\$command,
#'ssh_user=s' => \$ssh_user,
'orig_master_host=s' =>\$orig_master_host,
'orig_master_ip=s' =>\$orig_master_ip,
'orig_master_port=i' =>\$orig_master_port,
'orig_master_user=s' =>\$orig_master_user,
#'orig_master_password=s' => \$orig_master_password,
'new_master_host=s' =>\$new_master_host,
'new_master_ip=s' =>\$new_master_ip,
'new_master_port=i' =>\$new_master_port,
'new_master_user=s' =>\$new_master_user,
#'new_master_password=s' =>\$new_master_password,
);
exit &main();
sub current_time_us {
my ($sec, $microsec ) = gettimeofday();
my$curdate = localtime($sec);
return $curdate . " " . sprintf( "%06d", $microsec);
}
sub sleep_until {
my$elapsed = tv_interval($_tstart);
if ($_running_interval > $elapsed ) {
sleep( $_running_interval - $elapsed );
}
}
sub get_threads_util {
my$dbh = shift;
my$my_connection_id = shift;
my$running_time_threshold = shift;
my$type = shift;
$running_time_threshold = 0 unless ($running_time_threshold);
$type = 0 unless($type);
my@threads;
my$sth = $dbh->prepare("SHOW PROCESSLIST");
$sth->execute();
while ( my $ref = $sth->fetchrow_hashref() ) {
my$id = $ref->{Id};
my$user = $ref->{User};
my$host = $ref->{Host};
my$command = $ref->{Command};
my$state = $ref->{State};
my$query_time = $ref->{Time};
my$info = $ref->{Info};
$info =~ s/^\s*(.*?)\s*$/$1/ if defined($info);
next if ( $my_connection_id == $id );
next if ( defined($query_time) && $query_time <$running_time_threshold );
next if ( defined($command) && $command eq "Binlog Dump" );
next if ( defined($user) && $user eq "system user" );
next
if ( defined($command)
&& $command eq "Sleep"
&& defined($query_time)
&& $query_time >= 1 );
if( $type >= 1 ) {
next if ( defined($command) && $command eq "Sleep" );
nextif ( defined($command) && $command eq "Connect" );
}
if( $type >= 2 ) {
next if ( defined($info) && $info =~ m/^select/i );
next if ( defined($info) && $info =~ m/^show/i );
}
push @threads, $ref;
}
return @threads;
}
sub main {
if ($command eq "stop" ) {
##Gracefully killing connections on the current master
#1. Set read_only= 1 on the new master
#2. DROP USER so that no app user can establish new connections
#3. Set read_only= 1 on the current master
#4. Kill current queries
#* Any database access failure will result in script die.
my$exit_code = 1;
eval {
## Setting read_only=1 on the new master (to avoid accident)
my $new_master_handler = new MHA::DBHelper();
# args: hostname, port, user, password, raise_error(die_on_error)_or_not
$new_master_handler->connect( $new_master_ip, $new_master_port,
$new_master_user, $new_master_password, 1 );
print current_time_us() . " Set read_only on the new master..";
$new_master_handler->enable_read_only();
if ( $new_master_handler->is_read_only() ) {
print "ok.\n";
}
else {
die "Failed!\n";
}
$new_master_handler->disconnect();
# Connecting to the orig master, die if any database error happens
my $orig_master_handler = new MHA::DBHelper();
$orig_master_handler->connect( $orig_master_ip, $orig_master_port,
$orig_master_user, $orig_master_password, 1 );
## Drop application user so that nobodycan connect. Disabling per-session binlog beforehand
#$orig_master_handler->disable_log_bin_local();
#print current_time_us() . " Drpping app user on the origmaster..\n";
#FIXME_xxx_drop_app_user($orig_master_handler);
## Waiting for N * 100 milliseconds so that current connections can exit
my $time_until_read_only = 15;
$_tstart = [gettimeofday];
my @threads = get_threads_util( $orig_master_handler->{dbh},
$orig_master_handler->{connection_id} );
while ( $time_until_read_only > 0 && $#threads >= 0 ) {
if ( $time_until_read_only % 5 == 0 ) {
printf "%s Waiting all running %d threads aredisconnected.. (max %d milliseconds)\n",
current_time_us(), $#threads + 1, $time_until_read_only * 100;
if ( $#threads < 5 ) {
print Data::Dumper->new( [$_] )->Indent(0)->Terse(1)->Dump ."\n"
foreach (@threads);
}
}
sleep_until();
$_tstart = [gettimeofday];
$time_until_read_only--;
@threads = get_threads_util( $orig_master_handler->{dbh},
$orig_master_handler->{connection_id} );
}
## Setting read_only=1 on the current master so that nobody(exceptSUPER) can write
print current_time_us() . " Set read_only=1 on the orig master..";
$orig_master_handler->enable_read_only();
if ( $orig_master_handler->is_read_only() ) {
print "ok.\n";
}
else {
die "Failed!\n";
}
## Waiting for M * 100 milliseconds so that current update queries cancomplete
my $time_until_kill_threads = 5;
@threads = get_threads_util( $orig_master_handler->{dbh},
$orig_master_handler->{connection_id} );
while ( $time_until_kill_threads > 0 && $#threads >= 0 ) {
if ( $time_until_kill_threads % 5 == 0 ) {
printf "%s Waiting all running %d queries aredisconnected.. (max %d milliseconds)\n",
current_time_us(), $#threads + 1, $time_until_kill_threads * 100;
if ( $#threads < 5 ) {
print Data::Dumper->new( [$_] )->Indent(0)->Terse(1)->Dump ."\n"
foreach (@threads);
}
}
sleep_until();
$_tstart = [gettimeofday];
$time_until_kill_threads--;
@threads = get_threads_util( $orig_master_handler->{dbh},
$orig_master_handler->{connection_id} );
}
print "Disabling the VIPon old master: $orig_master_host \n";
&stop_vip();
## Terminating all threads
print current_time_us() . " Killing all applicationthreads..\n";
$orig_master_handler->kill_threads(@threads) if ( $#threads >= 0);
print current_time_us() . " done.\n";
#$orig_master_handler->enable_log_bin_local();
$orig_master_handler->disconnect();
## After finishing the script, MHA executes FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK
$exit_code = 0;
};
if($@) {
warn "Got Error: $@\n";
exit $exit_code;
}
exit $exit_code;
}
elsif ( $command eq "start" ) {
##Activating master ip on the new master
#1. Create app user with write privileges
#2. Moving backup script if needed
#3. Register new master's ip to the catalog database
# We don't return error even thoughactivating updatable accounts/ip failed so that we don't interrupt slaves'recovery.
# If exit code is 0 or 10, MHA does notabort
my$exit_code = 10;
eval{
my $new_master_handler = new MHA::DBHelper();
# args: hostname, port, user, password, raise_error_or_not
$new_master_handler->connect( $new_master_ip, $new_master_port,
$new_master_user, $new_master_password, 1 );
## Set read_only=0 on the new master
#$new_master_handler->disable_log_bin_local();
print current_time_us() . " Set read_only=0 on the newmaster.\n";
$new_master_handler->disable_read_only();
## Creating an app user on the new master
#print current_time_us() . " Creating app user on the newmaster..\n";
#FIXME_xxx_create_app_user($new_master_handler);
#$new_master_handler->enable_log_bin_local();
$new_master_handler->disconnect();
## Update master ip on the catalog database, etc
print "Enabling the VIP -$vip on the new master - $new_master_host \n";
&start_vip();
$exit_code = 0;
};
if($@) {
warn "Got Error: $@\n";
exit $exit_code;
}
exit $exit_code;
}
elsif ( $command eq "status" ) {
#do nothing
exit 0;
}
else{
&usage();
exit 1;
}
}
# A simple system call that enable the VIPon the new master
sub start_vip() {
`ssh $ssh_user\@$new_master_host \" $ssh_start_vip \"`;
}
# A simple system call that disable the VIPon the old_master
sub stop_vip() {
`ssh $ssh_user\@$orig_master_host \" $ssh_stop_vip \"`;
}
sub usage {
print
"Usage: master_ip_online_change --command=start|stop|status--orig_master_host=host --orig_master_ip=ip --orig_master_port=port--new_master_host=host --new_master_ip=ip --new_master_port=port\n";
die;
}
注意脚本中VIP漂移的部分。
在hdp1上用root用户操做。
[root@hdp1~]#masterha_check_ssh --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
Tue Jul 31 12:50:22 2018 - [warning] Global configuration file /etc/masterha_default.cnf not found. Skipping.
Tue Jul 31 12:50:22 2018 - [info] Reading application default configuration from /etc/masterha/app1.cnf..
Tue Jul 31 12:50:22 2018 - [info] Reading server configuration from /etc/masterha/app1.cnf..
Tue Jul 31 12:50:22 2018 - [info] Starting SSH connection tests..
Tue Jul 31 12:50:23 2018 - [debug]
Tue Jul 31 12:50:22 2018 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@172.16.1.127(172.16.1.127:22) to root@172.16.1.126(172.16.1.126:22)..
Tue Jul 31 12:50:22 2018 - [debug] ok.
Tue Jul 31 12:50:22 2018 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@172.16.1.127(172.16.1.127:22) to root@172.16.1.125(172.16.1.125:22)..
Tue Jul 31 12:50:23 2018 - [debug] ok.
Tue Jul 31 12:50:24 2018 - [debug]
Tue Jul 31 12:50:23 2018 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@172.16.1.126(172.16.1.126:22) to root@172.16.1.127(172.16.1.127:22)..
Tue Jul 31 12:50:23 2018 - [debug] ok.
Tue Jul 31 12:50:23 2018 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@172.16.1.126(172.16.1.126:22) to root@172.16.1.125(172.16.1.125:22)..
Tue Jul 31 12:50:23 2018 - [debug] ok.
Tue Jul 31 12:50:25 2018 - [debug]
Tue Jul 31 12:50:23 2018 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@172.16.1.125(172.16.1.125:22) to root@172.16.1.127(172.16.1.127:22)..
Tue Jul 31 12:50:23 2018 - [debug] ok.
Tue Jul 31 12:50:23 2018 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@172.16.1.125(172.16.1.125:22) to root@172.16.1.126(172.16.1.126:22)..
Tue Jul 31 12:50:24 2018 - [debug] ok.
Tue Jul 31 12:50:25 2018 - [info] All SSH connection tests passed successfully.
[root@hdp1~]#
能够看到各个节点ssh验证都是ok的。
在hdp1上用root用户操做。
[root@hdp1~]#masterha_check_repl --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
Tue Jul 31 12:52:19 2018 - [warning] Global configuration file /etc/masterha_default.cnf not found. Skipping.
Tue Jul 31 12:52:19 2018 - [info] Reading application default configuration from /etc/masterha/app1.cnf..
Tue Jul 31 12:52:19 2018 - [info] Reading server configuration from /etc/masterha/app1.cnf..
Tue Jul 31 12:52:19 2018 - [info] MHA::MasterMonitor version 0.56.
Tue Jul 31 12:52:21 2018 - [info] GTID failover mode = 0
Tue Jul 31 12:52:21 2018 - [info] Dead Servers:
Tue Jul 31 12:52:21 2018 - [info] Alive Servers:
Tue Jul 31 12:52:21 2018 - [info] 172.16.1.127(172.16.1.127:3306)
Tue Jul 31 12:52:21 2018 - [info] 172.16.1.126(172.16.1.126:3306)
Tue Jul 31 12:52:21 2018 - [info] 172.16.1.125(172.16.1.125:3306)
Tue Jul 31 12:52:21 2018 - [info] Alive Slaves:
Tue Jul 31 12:52:21 2018 - [info] 172.16.1.126(172.16.1.126:3306) Version=5.6.14-log (oldest major version between slaves) log-bin:enabled
Tue Jul 31 12:52:21 2018 - [info] Replicating from 172.16.1.127(172.16.1.127:3306)
Tue Jul 31 12:52:21 2018 - [info] Primary candidate for the new Master (candidate_master is set)
Tue Jul 31 12:52:21 2018 - [info] 172.16.1.125(172.16.1.125:3306) Version=5.6.14-log (oldest major version between slaves) log-bin:enabled
Tue Jul 31 12:52:21 2018 - [info] Replicating from 172.16.1.127(172.16.1.127:3306)
Tue Jul 31 12:52:21 2018 - [info] Current Alive Master: 172.16.1.127(172.16.1.127:3306)
Tue Jul 31 12:52:21 2018 - [info] Checking slave configurations..
Tue Jul 31 12:52:21 2018 - [info] read_only=1 is not set on slave 172.16.1.126(172.16.1.126:3306).
Tue Jul 31 12:52:21 2018 - [info] Checking replication filtering settings..
Tue Jul 31 12:52:21 2018 - [info] binlog_do_db= , binlog_ignore_db=
Tue Jul 31 12:52:21 2018 - [info] Replication filtering check ok.
Tue Jul 31 12:52:21 2018 - [info] GTID (with auto-pos) is not supported
Tue Jul 31 12:52:21 2018 - [info] Starting SSH connection tests..
Tue Jul 31 12:52:23 2018 - [info] All SSH connection tests passed successfully.
Tue Jul 31 12:52:23 2018 - [info] Checking MHA Node version..
Tue Jul 31 12:52:24 2018 - [info] Version check ok.
Tue Jul 31 12:52:24 2018 - [info] Checking SSH publickey authentication settings on the current master..
Tue Jul 31 12:52:24 2018 - [info] HealthCheck: SSH to 172.16.1.127 is reachable.
Tue Jul 31 12:52:24 2018 - [info] Master MHA Node version is 0.56.
Tue Jul 31 12:52:24 2018 - [info] Checking recovery script configurations on 172.16.1.127(172.16.1.127:3306)..
Tue Jul 31 12:52:24 2018 - [info] Executing command: save_binary_logs --command=test --start_pos=4 --binlog_dir=/data --output_file=/tmp/save_binary_logs_test --manager_version=0.56 --start_file=mysql-bin.000001
Tue Jul 31 12:52:24 2018 - [info] Connecting to root@172.16.1.127(172.16.1.127:22)..
Creating /tmp if not exists.. ok.
Checking output directory is accessible or not..
ok.
Binlog found at /data, up to mysql-bin.000001
Tue Jul 31 12:52:25 2018 - [info] Binlog setting check done.
Tue Jul 31 12:52:25 2018 - [info] Checking SSH publickey authentication and checking recovery script configurations on all alive slave servers..
Tue Jul 31 12:52:25 2018 - [info] Executing command : apply_diff_relay_logs --command=test --slave_user='root' --slave_host=172.16.1.126 --slave_ip=172.16.1.126 --slave_port=3306 --workdir=/tmp --target_version=5.6.14-log --manager_version=0.56 --relay_log_info=/data/relay-log.info --relay_dir=/data/ --slave_pass=xxx
Tue Jul 31 12:52:25 2018 - [info] Connecting to root@172.16.1.126(172.16.1.126:22)..
Checking slave recovery environment settings..
Opening /data/relay-log.info ... ok.
Relay log found at /data, up to hdp3-relay-bin.000003
Temporary relay log file is /data/hdp3-relay-bin.000003
Testing mysql connection and privileges..Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
done.
Testing mysqlbinlog output.. done.
Cleaning up test file(s).. done.
Tue Jul 31 12:52:25 2018 - [info] Executing command : apply_diff_relay_logs --command=test --slave_user='root' --slave_host=172.16.1.125 --slave_ip=172.16.1.125 --slave_port=3306 --workdir=/tmp --target_version=5.6.14-log --manager_version=0.56 --relay_log_info=/data/relay-log.info --relay_dir=/data/ --slave_pass=xxx
Tue Jul 31 12:52:25 2018 - [info] Connecting to root@172.16.1.125(172.16.1.125:22)..
Checking slave recovery environment settings..
Opening /data/relay-log.info ... ok.
Relay log found at /data, up to hdp2-relay-bin.000003
Temporary relay log file is /data/hdp2-relay-bin.000003
Testing mysql connection and privileges..Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
done.
Testing mysqlbinlog output.. done.
Cleaning up test file(s).. done.
Tue Jul 31 12:52:25 2018 - [info] Slaves settings check done.
Tue Jul 31 12:52:25 2018 - [info]
172.16.1.127(172.16.1.127:3306) (current master)
+--172.16.1.126(172.16.1.126:3306)
+--172.16.1.125(172.16.1.125:3306)
Tue Jul 31 12:52:25 2018 - [info] Checking replication health on 172.16.1.126..
Tue Jul 31 12:52:25 2018 - [info] ok.
Tue Jul 31 12:52:25 2018 - [info] Checking replication health on 172.16.1.125..
Tue Jul 31 12:52:25 2018 - [info] ok.
Tue Jul 31 12:52:25 2018 - [info] Checking master_ip_failover_script status:
Tue Jul 31 12:52:25 2018 - [info] /usr/bin/master_ip_failover --command=status --ssh_user=root --orig_master_host=172.16.1.127 --orig_master_ip=172.16.1.127 --orig_master_port=3306
IN SCRIPT TEST====/sbin/ifconfig ens160:1 down==/sbin/ifconfig ens32:1 172.16.1.100===
Checking the Status of the script.. OK
SIOCSIFADDR: No such device
ens32:1: ERROR while getting interface flags: No such device
Tue Jul 31 12:52:25 2018 - [info] OK.
Tue Jul 31 12:52:25 2018 - [warning] shutdown_script is not defined.
Tue Jul 31 12:52:25 2018 - [info] Got exit code 0 (Not master dead).
MySQL Replication Health is OK.
没有明显报错,只有几个警告而已,复制显示正常。
在hdp1上用root用户操做。
[root@hdp1~]#masterha_check_status --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
app1 is stopped(2:NOT_RUNNING).
[root@hdp1~]#
显示"NOT_RUNNING",这表明MHA监控没有开启。执行下面的命令后台启动MHA。
mkdir -p /var/log/masterha/app1/
nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover < /dev/null > /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log 2>&1 &
启动参数说明:
再次检查MHA Manager的状态:
[root@hdp1~]#masterha_check_status --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
app1 (pid:298237) is running(0:PING_OK), master:172.16.1.127
[root@hdp1~]#
能够看见已经在监控了,并且master的主机为172.16.1.127。
在hdp1上用root用户操做。
[root@hdp1~]#tail -n20 /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log
Tue Jul 31 12:57:06 2018 - [info]
172.16.1.127(172.16.1.127:3306) (current master)
+--172.16.1.126(172.16.1.126:3306)
+--172.16.1.125(172.16.1.125:3306)
Tue Jul 31 12:57:06 2018 - [info] Checking master_ip_failover_script status:
Tue Jul 31 12:57:06 2018 - [info] /usr/bin/master_ip_failover --command=status --ssh_user=root --orig_master_host=172.16.1.127 --orig_master_ip=172.16.1.127 --orig_master_port=3306
IN SCRIPT TEST====/sbin/ifconfig ens160:1 down==/sbin/ifconfig ens32:1 172.16.1.100===
Checking the Status of the script.. OK
SIOCSIFADDR: No such device
ens32:1: ERROR while getting interface flags: No such device
Tue Jul 31 12:57:06 2018 - [info] OK.
Tue Jul 31 12:57:06 2018 - [warning] shutdown_script is not defined.
Tue Jul 31 12:57:06 2018 - [info] Set master ping interval 1 seconds.
Tue Jul 31 12:57:06 2018 - [info] Set secondary check script: /usr/bin/masterha_secondary_check -s hdp4 -s hdp3 --user=root --master_host=hdp4 --master_ip=172.16.1.127 --master_port=3306
Tue Jul 31 12:57:06 2018 - [info] Starting ping health check on 172.16.1.127(172.16.1.127:3306)..
Tue Jul 31 12:57:06 2018 - [info] Ping(SELECT) succeeded, waiting until MySQL doesn't respond..
[root@hdp1~]#
在hdp4 172.16.1.127(master)上用root用户执行:
/sbin/ifconfig ens160:1 172.16.1.100/24
查看VIP:
[root@hdp4~]#ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:a5:49:7f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.16.1.127/24 brd 172.16.1.255 scope global ens160
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 172.16.1.100/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global ens160:1
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fea5:497f/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@hdp4~]#
(1)在slave1库(172.16.1.126)上停掉slave IO线程,模拟主从延时:
mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "stop slave io_thread;"
(2)在master库(172.16.1.127)安装sysbench,进行sysbench数据生成,在sbtest库下生成sbtest表,共10W记录。
# 用root用户安装sysbench
yum install sysbench -y
# 用mysql用户创建sbtest 数据库
mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "create database sbtest;"
# 用mysql用户执行sysbench生成数据
sysbench /usr/share/sysbench/tests/include/oltp_legacy/oltp.lua --mysql-host=127.0.0.1 --mysql-port=3306 --mysql-user=root --mysql-password=123456 --oltp-test-mode=complex --oltp-tables-count=10 --oltp-table-size=10000 --threads=10 --time=120 --report-interval=10 --db-driver=mysql prepare
(3)用root用户中止master的mysql服务。
service mysql stop
(4)验证VIP漂移。
在hdp3上用root用户操做。
[root@hdp3~]#ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:a5:0f:77 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.16.1.126/24 brd 172.16.1.255 scope global ens32
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 172.16.1.100/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global ens32:1
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fea5:f77/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@hdp3~]#
在hdp4上用root用户操做。
[root@hdp4~]#ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:a5:49:7f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.16.1.127/24 brd 172.16.1.255 scope global ens160
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fea5:497f/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@hdp4~]#
能够看到VIP已经从hdp4 172.16.1.127(master)漂移到了hdp3 172.16.1.126(slave1)。
(5)客户端用VIP访问数据库
C:\WINDOWS\system32>mysql -uroot -p123456 -h172.16.1.100 -e "show databases; use sbtest; show tables; select count(*) from sbtest1; select count(*) from sbtest10;"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sbtest |
| source |
| test |
+--------------------+
+------------------+
| Tables_in_sbtest |
+------------------+
| sbtest1 |
| sbtest10 |
| sbtest2 |
| sbtest3 |
| sbtest4 |
| sbtest5 |
| sbtest6 |
| sbtest7 |
| sbtest8 |
| sbtest9 |
+------------------+
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 10000 |
+----------+
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 10000 |
+----------+
C:\WINDOWS\system32>
在还没建立sbtest库的时候,172.16.1.126就停了slave sql线程。在新的Master 172.16.1.126上查看数据,能够看到落后的数据也同步过来了,数据没有丢失。
(6)查看复制的主从切换
C:\WINDOWS\system32>mysql -uroot -p123456 -h172.16.1.125 -e "show slave status\G"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.16.1.126
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 19093607
Relay_Log_File: hdp2-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 283
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 19093607
Relay_Log_Space: 455
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 126
Master_UUID: fadd5b7d-7d9f-11e8-90b4-13ccc7802b56
Master_Info_File: /data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
C:\WINDOWS\system32>mysql -uroot -p123456 -h172.16.1.126 -e "show slave status\G"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
C:\WINDOWS\system32>
能够看到,172.16.1.126称为新的master,而172.16.1.125也指向了这个新的master。
(7)检查MHA Manager的状态
在hdp1上用root用户执行下面的操做。
[root@hdp1~]#masterha_check_status --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
app1 is stopped(2:NOT_RUNNING).
[1]+ Done nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover < /dev/null > /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log 2>&1
[root@hdp1~]#
发如今执行了一次自动failover后,MHA Manager进程中止了。官网上对这种状况的解释以下:
意思是安装一个进程工具,经过该工具结合脚原本管理进程。
首先要还原环境。
还原数据库复制:
-- 在hdp四、hdp三、hdp2上重置master、slave
stop slave;
drop database sbtest;
reset master;
reset slave all;
-- 在hdp三、hdp2上从新指向hdp4为master
change master to
master_host='172.16.1.127',
master_port=3306,
master_user='repl',
master_password='123456',
master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',
master_log_pos=120;
start slave;
show slave status\G
还原VIP绑定:
# 在hdp3上用root用户执行
/sbin/ifconfig ens32:1 down
# 在hdp4上用root用户执行
/sbin/ifconfig ens160:1 172.16.1.100
还原配置文件:
编辑在hdp1上/etc/masterha/app1.cnf,将[server1]段添加回去。
启动MHA Manage:
# 在hdp1上用root用户执行
nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover < /dev/null > /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log 2>&1 &
至此环境还原完毕,能够开始测试手工切换。当主服务器故障时,人工手动调用MHA来进行故障切换操做,步骤以下。
(1)中止MHA Manage
在hdp1上用root用户操做。
masterha_stop --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
(2)关闭master
在hdp4上用root用户操做。
service mysql stop
(3)执行手工切换
在hdp1上用root用户操做。
masterha_master_switch --master_state=dead --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf --dead_master_host=172.16.1.127 --dead_master_port=3306 --new_master_host=172.16.1.126 --new_master_port=3306 --ignore_last_failover
(4)验证VIP漂移到172.16.1.126
[root@hdp3~]#ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:a5:0f:77 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.16.1.126/24 brd 172.16.1.255 scope global ens32
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 172.16.1.100/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global ens32:1
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fea5:f77/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@hdp3~]#
(5)验证复制关系
C:\WINDOWS\system32>mysql -uroot -p123456 -h172.16.1.125 -e "show slave status\G"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.16.1.126
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120
Relay_Log_File: hdp2-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 283
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 120
Relay_Log_Space: 455
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 126
Master_UUID: fadd5b7d-7d9f-11e8-90b4-13ccc7802b56
Master_Info_File: /data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
C:\WINDOWS\system32>mysql -uroot -p123456 -h172.16.1.126 -e "show slave status\G"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
C:\WINDOWS\system32>
(6)验证客户端VIP访问
C:\WINDOWS\system32>mysql -uroot -p123456 -h172.16.1.100 -e "show variables like 'server_id'; show databases;"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| server_id | 126 |
+---------------+-------+
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| source |
| test |
+--------------------+
C:\WINDOWS\system32>
在许多状况下,须要将现有的主服务器迁移到另一台服务器上。好比主服务器硬件故障,RAID控制卡须要重建,将主服务器移到性能更好的服务器上等等。维护主服务器引发性能降低,致使停机时间至少没法写入数据。另外,阻塞或杀掉当前运行的会话会致使主主之间数据不一致的问题发生。MHA 提供快速切换和优雅的阻塞写入,这个切换过程只须要 0.5-2s 的时间,这段时间内数据是没法写入的。在不少状况下,0.5-2s 的阻塞写入是能够接受的。所以切换主服务器不须要计划分配维护时间窗口。
MHA在线切换的大概过程:
注意,在线切换的时候应用架构须要考虑如下两个问题:
为了保证数据彻底一致性,在最快的时间内完成切换,MHA的在线切换必须知足如下条件才会切换成功,不然会切换失败。
在测试前,先按照上面“测试手工切换”测试前的步骤执行还原环境(手工切换不用修改/etc/masterha/app1.cnf配置文件),而后按如下步骤测试线切换:
(1)中止MHA Manage
在hdp1上用root用户操做。
masterha_stop --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
(2)执行在线切换命令
在hdp1上用root用户操做。
masterha_master_switch --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf --master_state=alive --new_master_host=172.16.1.126 --new_master_port=3306 --orig_master_is_new_slave --running_updates_limit=10000
(3)验证复制关系
在hdp二、hdp三、hdp4查看slave status:
C:\WINDOWS\system32>mysql -uroot -p123456 -h172.16.1.125 -e "show slave status\G"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.16.1.126
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120
Relay_Log_File: hdp2-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 283
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 120
Relay_Log_Space: 455
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 126
Master_UUID: fadd5b7d-7d9f-11e8-90b4-13ccc7802b56
Master_Info_File: /data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
C:\WINDOWS\system32>mysql -uroot -p123456 -h172.16.1.126 -e "show slave status\G"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
C:\WINDOWS\system32>mysql -uroot -p123456 -h172.16.1.127 -e "show slave status\G"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.16.1.126
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120
Relay_Log_File: hdp4-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 283
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 120
Relay_Log_Space: 455
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 126
Master_UUID: fadd5b7d-7d9f-11e8-90b4-13ccc7802b56
Master_Info_File: /data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
C:\WINDOWS\system32>
能够看到hdp3 172.16.1.126成为新的master,而hdp2 172.16.1.125和hdp4 172.16.1.127 成为指向新master的slave。
(4)验证VIP自动漂移
[root@hdp3~]#ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:a5:0f:77 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.16.1.126/24 brd 172.16.1.255 scope global ens32
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 172.16.1.100/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global ens32:1
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fea5:f77/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@hdp3~]#
(5)验证客户端经过VIP访问数据库
C:\WINDOWS\system32>mysql -uroot -p123456 -h172.16.1.100 -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| server_id | 126 |
+---------------+-------+
C:\WINDOWS\system32>
一般状况下自动切换之后,原master可能已经废弃掉,待原master主机修复后,若是数据完整的状况下,可能想把原来master从新做为新主库的slave。这时咱们能够借助当时自动切换时刻的MHA日志来完成对原master的修复。下面是提取相关日志的命令:
grep -i "All other slaves should start" /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log
能够看到相似下面的信息:
All other slaves should start replication from here. Statement should be: CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.16.1.126', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000005', MASTER_LOG_POS=120, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123456';
意思是说,若是Master主机修复好了,能够在修复好后的Master执行CHANGE MASTER操做,做为新的slave库。