RHEL 6.5 PXE 安装调试 VMWARE ESXi 5.1 安装

时间 2019-11-11

标签 rhel 6.5 pxe 安装调试 vmware esxi 5.1 栏目 Red Hat 繁體版

原文原文链接

测试环境：win10/vmware workstation 12 prohtml

操做系统：RHEL 6.5(PXE服务器）python

【2016.11.30】linux

【遗留问题】shell

一、ks.cfg经过本地文件方式加载不成功，只能经过http://方式成功，如下几种尝试都是不成功的。apache

   ks=file:esxi5.1/ks.cfg
   ks=ks.cfg
   ks=tftp://192.168.148.1/esxi5.1/ks.cfgvim

安装与配置：windows

。安装DHCPapi

。安装XINETD, 并启用TFTP服务浏览器

。安装syslinux(yum安装）：会自动在tftpboot目录下放置pxelinux.0及seamenu.c32文件，还有一些其它文件bash

配置DHCP: 在地址分配子项中增长filename "pxelinux.0"

配置tftp: enable一下便可，无其它特殊配置，无需-c，整个过程不会向tftp写文件

配置菜单：在tftpboot目录下，建立一个文件夹：pxelinux.cfg。而后再创建default文件，即菜单文件

配置好以后，就能够启动一台PXE客户端进行测试了，正常状况下，就能够显示菜单了。说明PXE配置成功了，接下来就能够根据实际安装需求，定制default文件、制定ks.cfg文件及布署安装包了。

利用PXE方式安装ESXi 5.1

参考文档：主要是vmware的官方文档

准备：

下载ESXi 5.1的ISO安装包，并在tftpboot下创建目录esxi5.1
将iso文件解开后，将文件copy至esxi5.1下（不能只接将ISO mount到esxi5.1目录，由于要修改文件）

配置：

pxelinux.cfg/default文件：（能够将esxi5.1中的isolinux.cfg文件COPY过来进行修改，主要修改成正确的目录路径）

default menu.c32
menu title PXE BOOT VMWARE ESXI
timeout 100

label ESXi
menu label Boot VMware ESXi
  kernel esxi5.1/mboot.c32
  append -c esxi5.1/boot.cfg     //注意此处boot.cfg要修改
  menu label esxi5.1-xxxxxx

//整个文件相对简单，只是增长了相对目录esxi5.1

　　esxi5.1/boot.cfg文件：因为原ISO是光盘模式的，故每一个文件都给出了绝对路径/（根）

[root@localhost esxi5.1]# cat boot.cfg
bootstate=0
title=Loading ESXi installer
kernel=/tboot.b00
kernelopt=runweasel
modules=/b.b00 --- /useropts.gz --- /k.b00 --- /chardevs.b00 --- /a.b00 --- /user.b00 --- /s.v00 --- /ata_pata.v00 --- /ata_pata.v01 --- /ata_pata.v02 --- /ata_pata.v03 --- /ata_pata.v04 --- /ata_pata.v05 --- /ata_pata.v06 --- /ata_pata.v07 --- /block_cc.v00 --- /ehci_ehc.v00 --- /weaselin.t00 --- /esx_dvfi.v00 --- /xlibs.v00 --- /ima_qla4.v00 --- /ipmi_ipm.v00 --- /ipmi_ipm.v01 --- /ipmi_ipm.v02 --- /misc_cni.v00 --- /misc_dri.v00 --- /net_be2n.v00 --- /net_bnx2.v00 --- /net_bnx2.v01 --- /net_cnic.v00 --- /net_e100.v00 --- /net_e100.v01 --- /net_enic.v00 --- /net_forc.v00 --- /net_igb.v00 --- /net_ixgb.v00 --- /net_nx_n.v00 --- /net_r816.v00 --- /net_r816.v01 --- /net_s2io.v00 --- /net_sky2.v00 --- /net_tg3.v00 --- /net_vmxn.v00 --- /ohci_usb.v00 --- /sata_ahc.v00 --- /sata_ata.v00 --- /sata_sat.v00 --- /sata_sat.v01 --- /sata_sat.v02 --- /sata_sat.v03 --- /sata_sat.v04 --- /scsi_aac.v00 --- /scsi_adp.v00 --- /scsi_aic.v00 --- /scsi_bnx.v00 --- /scsi_fni.v00 --- /scsi_hps.v00 --- /scsi_ips.v00 --- /scsi_lpf.v00 --- /scsi_meg.v00 --- /scsi_meg.v01 --- /scsi_meg.v02 --- /scsi_mpt.v00 --- /scsi_mpt.v01 --- /scsi_mpt.v02 --- /scsi_qla.v00 --- /scsi_qla.v01 --- /scsi_rst.v00 --- /uhci_usb.v00 --- /tools.t00 --- /xorg.v00 --- /imgdb.tgz --- /imgpayld.tgz
build=
updated=0

但因为咱们采用PXE方式，文件再也不位于根，而是位于tftp服务器的esxi5.1目录下，所以，须要将全部/替换成esxi5.1/xxx。操做以下：

首先，将全部/都替换掉，VI命令：%s#/##g

而后在modules这行前面加入一行：prefix=esxi5.1/ (这条命令全局有效，不在意所在位置）

“kernel=......”一行为 kernel=tboot.b00，此处不加esxi5.1/

启动pxe client测试：

经过上面设置后，启动PXE CLIENT，基本就能出现安装界面了，只须要选择键盘、安装位置，基本没什么选项（问题：在何处加载第三方驱动）。

这种方法只是实现了PXE安装，但没有实现无人值守的自动安装。

ESXi 5实现全自动安装（无需人工链接键盘、显示器）：这里要用到ks.cfg文件（kickstart)

就增长两个步骤：1）生成ks.cfg 2)在default文件中传递该ks.cfg文件给核心

任何一台esxi安装完成后，会自动生成一个etc/vmware/weasel/ks.cfg，可经过修改这个文件定制必要的参数，实验中采用了以下ks.cfg

#
# Sample scripted installation file
#
# Accept the VMware End User License Agreement
vmaccepteula
# Set the root password for the DCUI and Tech Support Mode
rootpw iampeter319
# The install media is in the CD-ROM drive
install --firstdisk --overwritevmfs
# Set the network to DHCP on the first network adapater
#network --bootproto=dhcp --device=vmnic0
network --bootproto=static --device=vmnic0 --ip=192.168.148.100 --netmask=255.255.252.0 --gateway=192.168.148.1
reboot
# A sample post-install script
%post --interpreter=python --ignorefailure=true
import time
stampFile = open('/finished.stamp', mode='w')
stampFile.write( time.asctime() )

具体参数及语法，可参考vmware官方文档。这里只改了network项及安装完成后自动reboot。

准备好ks.cfg文件后，须要将其位置传递给核心，能够经过protocol:// , cdrom://, file://, usb://等方式。在实验中，采用file方式没有成功，缘由不详。最后采用http://<PXESERVER_IP>/ks.cfg的方式（即将ks.cfg拷贝至apache的/var/www/html目录下）

按照官方文档的说明，应该是修改boot.cfg文件，经过kernelopt=ks=http://xxxx/ks.cfg进行传递。但感受这样不方便，未采用，而采用了修改default文件的方法，效果同样。

修改原boot.cfg文件中的倒数第二行，更改成以下：

 append -c esxi5.1/boot.cfg ks=http://192.168.148.128/ks.cfg

还有一种特殊的作法：ESXi在启动成功后，会在其虚拟文件系统中产生一个/etc/vmware/weasel/ks.cfg文件。若是咱们传递以下格式：

ks=file://etc/vmware/weasel/ks.cfg

则ESXi也会自动安装，可是参数是不受控制的，由于是自动生成的。这种方式安装完成后，密码空，IP地址为自动获取。

【说明】在生成ks.cfg文件后，能够不修改default文件进行传递，而是在ESXi开始安装时，经过按Shift-O键，手工进行传递，以后就会自动进行了。

因为ks的内容较多，如下是两个例子，比较全面，全自动安装而且自动设置包括：网络、SSH、vSwitch等等

# Sample kickstart for ESXi 5.1
# William Lam
# www.virtuallyghetto.com
#########################################
 
accepteula
install --firstdisk --overwritevmfs
rootpw vmware123
reboot
#下面这句应该往前提，放在reboot以前，估计是做者手误
%include /tmp/networkconfig 
%pre --interpreter=busybox
 
# extract network info from bootup
VMK_INT="vmk0"
VMK_LINE=$(localcli network ip interface ipv4 get | grep "${VMK_INT}")
IPADDR=$(echo "${VMK_LINE}" | awk '{print $2}')
NETMASK=$(echo "${VMK_LINE}" | awk '{print $3}')
GATEWAY=$(localcli network ip route ipv4 list | grep default | awk '{print $3}')
DNS="172.30.0.100,172.30.0.200"
HOSTNAME=$(nslookup "${IPADDR}" "${DNS}" | grep Address | grep "${IPADDR}" | awk '{print $4}')
 
echo "network --bootproto=static --addvmportgroup=false --device=vmnic0 --ip=${IPADDR} --netmask=${NETMASK} --gateway=${GATEWAY} --nameserver=${DNS} --hostname=${HOSTNAME}" > /tmp/networkconfig
 
%firstboot --interpreter=busybox
 
# enable VHV (Virtual Hardware Virtualization to run nested 64bit Guests + Hyper-V VM)
grep -i "vhv.enable" /etc/vmware/config || echo "vhv.enable = \"TRUE\"" >> /etc/vmware/config
 
# enable & start remote ESXi Shell  (SSH)
vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh
vim-cmd hostsvc/start_ssh
 
# enable & start ESXi Shell (TSM)
vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_esx_shell
vim-cmd hostsvc/start_esx_shell
 
# supress ESXi Shell shell warning - Thanks to Duncan (http://www.yellow-bricks.com/2011/07/21/esxi-5-suppressing-the-localremote-shell-warning/)
esxcli system settings advanced set -o /UserVars/SuppressShellWarning -i 1
 
# ESXi Shell interactive idle time logout
esxcli system settings advanced set -o /UserVars/ESXiShellInteractiveTimeOut -i 3600
 
# Change the default ESXi Admins group "ESX Admins" to a custom one "Ghetto ESXI Admins" for AD
vim-cmd hostsvc/advopt/update Config.HostAgent.plugins.hostsvc.esxAdminsGroup string "Ghetto ESXi Admins"
 
# Users that will have full access to DCUI even if they don't have admin permssions on ESXi host
vim-cmd hostsvc/advopt/update DCUI.Access string root,william,tuan
 
# Block VM guest BPDU packets, global configuration
esxcli system settings advanced set -o /Net/BlockGuestBPDU -i 1
 
# copy SSH authorized keys & overwrite existing
wget http://air.primp-industries.com/esxi5/id_dsa.pub -O /etc/ssh/keys-root/authorized_keys
 
# disable SSH keys - uncomment the next section
# sed -i 's/AuthorizedKeysFile*/#AuthorizedKeysFile/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
 
# rename local datastore to something more meaningful
vim-cmd hostsvc/datastore/rename datastore1 "$(hostname -s)-local-storage-1"
 
# assign license
vim-cmd vimsvc/license --set AAAAA-BBBBB-CCCCC-DDDDD-EEEEE
 
## SATP CONFIGURATIONS ##
esxcli storage nmp satp set --satp VMW_SATP_SYMM --default-psp VMW_PSP_RR
esxcli storage nmp satp set --satp VMW_SATP_DEFAULT_AA --default-psp VMW_PSP_RR
 
###########################
## vSwitch configuration ##
###########################
 
#####################################################
# vSwitch0 : Active->vmnic0,vmnic1 Standby->vmnic2
#       failback: yes
#       faildectection: beacon
#       load balancing: portid
#       notify switches: yes
#       avg bw: 1000000 Kbps
#       peak bw: 1000000 Kbps
#       burst size: 819200 KBps
#       allow forged transmits: yes
#       allow mac change: no
#       allow promiscuous no
#       cdp status: both
 
# attach vmnic1,vmnic2 to vSwitch0
esxcli network vswitch standard uplink add --uplink-name vmnic1 --vswitch-name vSwitch0
esxcli network vswitch standard uplink add --uplink-name vmnic2 --vswitch-name vSwitch0
 
# configure portgroup
esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup add --portgroup-name VMNetwork1 --vswitch-name vSwitch0
esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup set --portgroup-name VMNetwork1 --vlan-id 100
esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup add --portgroup-name VMNetwork2 --vswitch-name vSwitch0
esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup set --portgroup-name VMNetwork2 --vlan-id 200
esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup add --portgroup-name VMNetwork3 --vswitch-name vSwitch0
esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup set --portgroup-name VMNetwork3 --vlan-id 333
 
# configure cdp
esxcli network vswitch standard set --cdp-status both --vswitch-name vSwitch1
 
### FAILOVER CONFIGURATIONS ###
 
# configure active and standby uplinks for vSwitch0
esxcli network vswitch standard policy failover set --active-uplinks vmnic0,vmnic1 --standby-uplinks vmnic2 --vswitch-name vSwitch0
 
# configure failure detection + load balancing (could have appended to previous line)
esxcli network vswitch standard policy failover set --failback yes --failure-detection beacon --load-balancing portid --notify-switches yes --vswitch-name vSwitch0
 
### SECURITY CONFIGURATION ###
esxcli network vswitch standard policy security set --allow-forged-transmits yes --allow-mac-change no --allow-promiscuous no --vswitch-name vSwitch0
 
### SHAPING CONFIGURATION ###
esxcli network vswitch standard policy shaping set --enabled yes --avg-bandwidth 100000 --peak-bandwidth 100000 --burst-size 819200 --vswitch-name vSwitch0
 
#####################################################
# vSwitch1 : Active->vmnic3,vmnic4 Standby->vmnic5
#       failback: no
#       faildectection: link
#       load balancing: mac
#       notify switches: no
#       allow forged transmits: no
#       allow mac change: no
#       allow promiscuous no
#       cdp status: listen
#       mtu: 9000
 
# add vSwitch1
esxcli network vswitch standard add --ports 256 --vswitch-name vSwitch1
 
# attach vmnic3,4,5 to vSwitch0
esxcli network vswitch standard uplink add --uplink-name vmnic3 --vswitch-name vSwitch1
esxcli network vswitch standard uplink add --uplink-name vmnic4 --vswitch-name vSwitch1
esxcli network vswitch standard uplink add --uplink-name vmnic5 --vswitch-name vSwitch1
 
# configure mtu + cdp
esxcli network vswitch standard set --mtu 9000 --cdp-status listen --vswitch-name vSwitch1
 
# configure portgroup
esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup add --portgroup-name NFS --vswitch-name vSwitch1
esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup add --portgroup-name FT_VMOTION --vswitch-name vSwitch1
esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup add --portgroup-name VSPHERE_REPLICATION --vswitch-name vSwitch1
 
### FAILOVER CONFIGURATIONS ###
 
# configure active and standby uplinks for vSwitch1
esxcli network vswitch standard policy failover set --active-uplinks vmnic3,vmnic4 --standby-uplinks vmnic5 --vswitch-name vSwitch1
 
# configure failure detection + load balancing (could have appended to previous line)
esxcli network vswitch standard policy failover set --failback no --failure-detection link --load-balancing mac --notify-switches no --vswitch-name vSwitch1
 
### SECURITY CONFIGURATION ###
esxcli network vswitch standard policy security set --allow-forged-transmits no --allow-mac-change no --allow-promiscuous no --vswitch-name vSwitch1
 
# configure vmkernel interface for NFS traffic, FT_VMOTION and VSPHERE_REPLICATION traffic
VMK0_IPADDR=$(esxcli network ip interface ipv4 get | grep vmk0 | awk '{print $2}')
VMK1_IPADDR=$(echo ${VMK0_IPADDR} | awk '{print $1".51."$3"."$4}' FS=.)
VMK2_IPADDR=10.10.0.2
VMK3_IPADDR=10.20.0.2
esxcli network ip interface add --interface-name vmk1 --mtu 9000 --portgroup-name NFS
esxcli network ip interface ipv4 set --interface-name vmk1 --ipv4 ${VMK1_IPADDR} --netmask 255.255.255.0 --type static
esxcli network ip interface add --interface-name vmk2 --mtu 9000 --portgroup-name FT_VMOTION
esxcli network ip interface ipv4 set --interface-name vmk2 --ipv4 ${VMK2_IPADDR} --netmask 255.255.255.0 --type static
esxcli network ip interface add --interface-name vmk3 --mtu 9000 --portgroup-name VSPHERE_REPLICATION
esxcli network ip interface ipv4 set --interface-name vmk3 --ipv4 ${VMK3_IPADDR} --netmask 255.255.255.0 --type static
 
# Configure VMkernel traffic type (Management, VMotion, faultToleranceLogging, vSphereReplication)
esxcli network ip interface tag add -i vmk2 -t Management
esxcli network ip interface tag add -i vmk2 -t VMotion
esxcli network ip interface tag add -i vmk2 -t faultToleranceLogging
esxcli network ip interface tag add -i vmk3 -t vSphereReplication
 
# Configure VMkernel routes
esxcli network ip route ipv4 add -n 10.20.183/24 -g 172.30.0.1
esxcli network ip route ipv4 add -n 10.20.182/24 -g 172.30.0.1
 
# Disable IPv6 for VMkernel interfaces
esxcli system module parameters set -m tcpip3 -p ipv6=0
 
### MOUNT NFS DATASTORE ###
esxcli storage nfs add --host 172.51.0.200 --share /volumes/Primp/primp-6 --volume-name himalaya-NFS-primp-6
 
### ADV CONFIGURATIONS ###
esxcli system settings advanced set --option /Net/TcpipHeapSize --int-value 30
esxcli system settings advanced set --option /Net/TcpipHeapMax --int-value 120
esxcli system settings advanced set --option /NFS/HeartbeatMaxFailures --int-value 10
esxcli system settings advanced set --option /NFS/HeartbeatFrequency --int-value 20
esxcli system settings advanced set --option /NFS/HeartbeatTimeout --int-value 10
esxcli system settings advanced set --option /NFS/MaxVolumes --int-value 128
 
### SYSLOG CONFIGURATION ###
esxcli system syslog config set --default-rotate 20 --loghost vcenter50-3.primp-industries.com:514,udp://vcenter50-3.primp-industries.com:514,ssl://vcenter50-3.primp-industries.com:1514,udp://vcenter50-3.primp-industries.com:514,udp://vcenter50-3.primp-industries.com:514,ssl://vcenter50-3.primp-industries.com:1514,ssl://vcenter50-3.primp-industries.com:1514
 
# change the individual syslog rotation count
esxcli system syslog config logger set --id=hostd --rotate=20 --size=2048
esxcli system syslog config logger set --id=vmkernel --rotate=20 --size=2048
esxcli system syslog config logger set --id=fdm --rotate=20
esxcli system syslog config logger set --id=vpxa --rotate=20
 
### NTP CONFIGURATIONS ###
cat > /etc/ntp.conf << __NTP_CONFIG__
restrict default kod nomodify notrap noquery nopeer
restrict 127.0.0.1
server 0.vmware.pool.ntp.org
server 1.vmware.pool.ntp.org
__NTP_CONFIG__
/sbin/chkconfig ntpd on
 
### FIREWALL CONFIGURATION ###
 
# enable firewall
esxcli network firewall set --default-action false --enabled yes
 
# services to enable by default
FIREWALL_SERVICES="syslog sshClient ntpClient updateManager httpClient netdump"
for SERVICE in ${FIREWALL_SERVICES}
do
 esxcli network firewall ruleset set --ruleset-id ${SERVICE} --enabled yes
done
 
# backup ESXi configuration to persist changes
/sbin/auto-backup.sh
 
# enter maintenance mode
esxcli system maintenanceMode set -e true
 
# copy %first boot script logs to persisted datastore
cp /var/log/hostd.log "/vmfs/volumes/$(hostname -s)-local-storage-1/firstboot-hostd.log"
cp /var/log/esxi_install.log "/vmfs/volumes/$(hostname -s)-local-storage-1/firstboot-esxi_install.log"
 
# Needed for configuration changes that could not be performed in esxcli
esxcli system shutdown reboot -d 60 -r "rebooting after host configurations"

　　另一个ks.cfg例子，包含如何放弃ipv6, 如何配置ntp

# Accept the VMware End User License Agreement
 vmaccepteula
 # Set the root password for the DCUI and ESXi Shell 
 rootpw --iscrypted yHYo5Lev6wbMg 
 # Set the keyboard
 keyboard German
 # Install on the first local disk available on machine
 install --firstdisk --overwritevmfs
 # Set the network 
 network --bootproto=static  --device=vmnic0 --addvmportgroup=0 --hostname=ewie1vmesx01.aareal.org --ip=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx--netmask=255.255.255.0 --gateway=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx--nameserver="xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx"
 # reboots the host after the scripted installation is completed
 reboot

%firstboot --interpreter=busybox

 #####SWITCH0 - VMANAGE ########

 # Add an extra nic to vSwitch0 and add Name 
 esxcli network vswitch standard uplink add --uplink-name=vmnic1 --vswitch-name=vSwitch0
  
 # configure active and standby uplinks for vSwitch0
 esxcli network vswitch standard policy failover set --active-uplinks=vmnic0,vmnic1 --vswitch-name=vSwitch0

 ####SWITCH1 - VMOTION ########

 # Add new vSwitch for VMotion, assign uplinks, create a portgroup for Switch1                  
 esxcli network vswitch standard add --vswitch-name=vSwitch1 --ports=256
 esxcli network vswitch standard uplink add --uplink-name=vmnic2 --vswitch-name=vSwitch1
 esxcli network vswitch standard uplink add --uplink-name=vmnic3 --vswitch-name=vSwitch1

 #Add vMotion Portgroup to vSwitch1
 esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup add --portgroup-name=vMotion --vswitch-name=vSwitch1
  
 # Enable vMotion on the newly created VMkernel vmk1
 esxcli network ip interface add --interface-name=vmk1 --portgroup-name=vMotion
 esxcli network ip interface ipv4 set --interface-name=vmk1 --ipv4=172.27.196.10 --netmask=255.255.255.0 --type=static

 # Enable vMotion on the newly created VMkernel vmk1
 vim-cmd hostsvc/vmotion/vnic_set vmk1

 # configure active and standby uplinks for vSwitch1
 esxcli network vswitch standard policy failover set --active-uplinks=vmnic2,vmnic3 --vswitch-name=vSwitch1

 ####SWITCH2 - Virtual Machines ######## 

 # Add new vSwitch for VirtualMachines , assign uplinks, create a portgroup                     
  esxcli network vswitch standard add --vswitch-name=vSwitch2 --ports=504
  esxcli network vswitch standard uplink add --uplink-name=vmnic4 --vswitch-name=vSwitch2
  esxcli network vswitch standard uplink add --uplink-name=vmnic5 --vswitch-name=vSwitch2
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup add --portgroup-name=PUB_172_27_193_0 --vswitch-name=vSwitch2
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup set --portgroup-name=PUB_172_27_193_0 --vlan-id=99
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup add --portgroup-name=PUB_172_27_194_0 --vswitch-name=vSwitch2
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup set --portgroup-name=PUB_172_27_194_0 --vlan-id=101
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup add --portgroup-name=PUB_172_27_195_0 --vswitch-name=vSwitch2
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup set --portgroup-name=PUB_172_27_195_0 --vlan-id=195
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup add --portgroup-name=PUB_172_27_197_0 --vswitch-name=vSwitch2
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup set --portgroup-name=PUB_172_27_197_0 --vlan-id=197
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup add --portgroup-name=PUB_172_27_198_0 --vswitch-name=vSwitch2
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup set --portgroup-name=PUB_172_27_198_0 --vlan-id=198
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup add --portgroup-name=PRIV_172_27_231_0 --vswitch-name=vSwitch2
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup set --portgroup-name=PRIV_172_27_231_0 --vlan-id=231
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup add --portgroup-name=PRIV_172_27_232_0 --vswitch-name=vSwitch2
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup set --portgroup-name=PRIV_172_27_232_0 --vlan-id=232
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup add --portgroup-name=PRIV_172_27_233_0 --vswitch-name=vSwitch2
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup set --portgroup-name=PRIV_172_27_233_0 --vlan-id=233
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup add --portgroup-name=PRIV_172_27_234_0 --vswitch-name=vSwitch2
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup set --portgroup-name=PRIV_172_27_234_0 --vlan-id=234
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup add --portgroup-name=PRIV_172_27_235_0 --vswitch-name=vSwitch2
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup set --portgroup-name=PRIV_172_27_235_0 --vlan-id=235
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup add --portgroup-name=PRIV_172_27_236_0 --vswitch-name=vSwitch2
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup set --portgroup-name=PRIV_172_27_236_0 --vlan-id=236
  
  
 # configure active and standby uplinks for vSwitch2
 esxcli network vswitch standard policy failover set --active-uplinks=vmnic4,vmnic5 --vswitch-name=vSwitch2

# Enable SSH and the ESXi Shell
 vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh
 vim-cmd hostsvc/start_ssh
 vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_esx_shell
 vim-cmd hostsvc/start_esx_shell

  # Set the default PSP for Netapp to Round Robin as that is our preferred load balancing mechanism
 esxcli storage nmp satp set --default-psp VMW_PSP_RR --satp VMW_SATP_ALUA


 # Rename local datastore to something more meaningful 
 vim-cmd hostsvc/datastore/rename datastore1 "$(hostname -s)_datastore1"

 #Disable IPv6 and Reboot
 #esxcli system module parameters set -m=tcpip3 -p ipv6=0
 esxcli network ip set --ipv6-enabled=false
 esxcli system shutdown reboot -d 60 -r "making IPv6 config changes"
  

 ### NTP CONFIGURATIONS ###
 cat >/etc/ntp.conf<<__NTP_CONFIG__
 restrict default kod nomodify notrap noquerynopeer
 restrict 127.0.0.1
 server 0.192.168.1.72
 server 1.192.168.1.73
 __NTP_CONFIG__
/sbin/chkconfig ntpd on

【关于ipv6】上面有两种方法能够disable掉IPV6。可是esxcli的重启语句须要先进入维护模式才能执行。也能够简单的在%firstboot的最后加一行reboot，直接重启。

如下这个ks.cfg文件是我在实验中用到的，已经经过试验，基本功能都有了。（本身增长了DNS项）

#
# Sample scripted installation file
#
# Accept the VMware End User License Agreement
vmaccepteula
rootpw iampeter
install --firstdisk --overwritevmfs
%include /tmp/networkconfig

reboot
 
%pre --interpreter=busybox
 
# extract network info from bootup
VMK_INT="vmk0"
VMK_LINE=$(localcli network ip interface ipv4 get | grep "${VMK_INT}")
IPADDR=$(echo "${VMK_LINE}" | awk '{print $2}')
NETMASK=$(echo "${VMK_LINE}" | awk '{print $3}')
GATEWAY=$(localcli network ip route ipv4 list | grep default | awk '{print $3}')

DNS=$(localcli network ip dns server list | grep DNS | awk -F ':' '{ print $2 }')
#DNS="172.30.0.100,172.30.0.200"
#HOSTNAME=$(nslookup "${IPADDR}" "${DNS}" | grep Address | grep "${IPADDR}" | awk '{print $4}')
 
echo "network --bootproto=static --addvmportgroup=false --device=vmnic0 --ip=${IPADDR} --netmask=${NETMASK} --gateway=${GATEWAY} --nameserver=${DNS} --hostname=esxi55" > /tmp/networkconfig
 
%firstboot --interpreter=busybox
 
# enable VHV (Virtual Hardware Virtualization to run nested 64bit Guests + Hyper-V VM)
grep -i "vhv.enable" /etc/vmware/config || echo "vhv.enable = \"TRUE\"" >> /etc/vmware/config
 
# enable & start remote ESXi Shell  (SSH)
vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh
vim-cmd hostsvc/start_ssh
 
# enable & start ESXi Shell (TSM)
vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_esx_shell
vim-cmd hostsvc/start_esx_shell

#disable ipv6
#esxcli network ip set --ipv6-enabled=false
#esxcli system module parameters set -m tcpip3 -p ipv6=0

esxcli network ip set --ipv6-enabled=false
esxcli system shutdown reboot -d 60 -r "making IPv6 config changes"

### NTP CONFIGURATIONS ###
cat >/etc/ntp.conf<<__NTP_CONFIG__
restrict default kod nomodify notrap noquerynopeer
restrict 127.0.0.1
server 192.168.200.128
__NTP_CONFIG__
/sbin/chkconfig ntpd on

# supress ESXi Shell shell warning - Thanks to Duncan (http://www.yellow-bricks.com/2011/07/21/esxi-5-suppressing-the-localremote-shell-warning/)
esxcli system settings advanced set -o /UserVars/SuppressShellWarning -i 1

reboot
# A sample post-install script
%post --interpreter=python --ignorefailure=true
import time
stampFile = open('/finished.stamp', mode='w')
stampFile.write( time.asctime() )

采用http方式：

前面介绍的方法，文件的抓取都是经过tftp方式。在网络环境不佳的状况下，tftp 采用的udp方式没有http的tcp方式稳定。根据vmware官方文档，可采用http方式代替tftp方式

一、pxelinux.0是tftp方式；gpxelinux.0是http方式，所以，更改dhcp.conf的filename "gpxelinux.0"

二、修改boot.cfg，将prefix=esxi5.1/；改成: http://x.x.x.x/esxi5.1/

三、相应的文件夹作好连接，并用浏览器作好测试，就能够执行http的安装了。

Windows平台PXE的实现

windows平台下要实现pxe，也须要dhcp,tftp,(option)http。tiny pxe server 1.0版能够实现该功能。它不只内置了tftp,dhcp,http，并且内置了pxelinux.0及gpxelinux，软件仅有不到5M。

须要注意：全部服务器的根是files目录，其它的和linux下是同样的。在进行esxi安装时，配置文件须要linux格式，特别是ks文件。若是格式不是linux格式（unix,ansi)而是windows文本格式，就会出现许多莫名其妙的问题。

工做流程分析（根据抓包结果得出）：

1.DHCP: 分配IP地址，并分配pxelinux.0文件名告之PXE client
2. Client经过tftp拿到pxelinux.0,大约19个blocks
3. Client运行pxelinux.0, 准备拿配置文件
4. 连续tftp几个文件（因为只配置了default,确定找不到）,pxelinux.cfg目录下

564d330d-5a45-e2de-eb15-88e321e7dfd2 【未知】
01-00-0c-29-e7-df-d2 【此文件名是01,加上PXE CLIENT主机的MAC地址，可采用这种方式进行个性化定制】
C0A89464 【此为该主机的IP地址（192 168 148 100）的十六进制表示，下面类同，这样能够实现针对不一样主机或一类主机的定制化配置】
C0A8946
C0A894
C0A89
C0A8
C0A
C0
C

以上文件没有配置，最后取得default文件。Default文件以下：

default vesamenu.c32
timeout 100

menu background splash.jpg
menu title Welcome to Install System --BY Lvyun
 
label Auto_CentOS
menu label Auto Install CentOS6.2
menu default
kernel CentOS/vmlinuz
append initrd=CentOS/initrd.img ks=nfs:192.168.2.58:/mnt/ks/ks.cfg

label Custom_CentOS
menu label Custom Install CentOS6.2
kernel CentOS/vmlinuz

5. 成功后，client再读取default文件，得知要用vesamenu.c32, 则继续tftp，取vesamenu.c32，大约117blocks
6. Client取到相应的menu.c32，就在client上运行，client根据以前拿到的default显示菜单

Troubleshooting:

1. pxe client DHCP成功，可是tftp.....报错

pxe服务器的iptables没有关掉（与宿主windows的防火墙无关）

2. DHCP成功，tftp也能拿到pxelinux.0，但就是拿不到default，提示权限问题。在tftp服务器上手工tftp get default文件，也说是权限问题不能拿到。

缘由：selinux关闭就行了。

etc/vmware/weasel/ks.cfg